Persuasive Research Articles

Competitive Marketing Vigilance and its Relationship to Social Persuasion Among a Sample of Sports Equipment Sales Representatives in Iraq

The rapid transformations that are taking place today and due to multiple factors, including modern technological development and intense competition between sports institutions at the local and global levels with the aim of controlling the sports market and achieving superiority, have put marketing representatives in difficult situations, and increasing pressure due to the demand of administrative officials in the field of sales to increase their sales and profits on the one hand, and on the other hand, the demand of sports consumers to satisfy their multiple and different needs and desires, in addition to the presence of competitors for the sports institution produced locally and globally. With high quality standards, the sports marketing job will face great and difficult challenges. The research aimed to identify the relationship between competitive marketing and social persuasion among a sample of sales representatives of sports teams in Iraq, whose number of representatives was (60) delegates randomly selected from the total community. The descriptive approach was used in the relational method of the relationship. Competitive marketing and social persuasion measures were distributed to the sample with the need to confirm the answer as an alternative, and once the answer was completed, the questionnaires were collected, audited and processed statistically using appropriate statistical means. The researcher found that: sales representatives are characterized by competitive marketing and have the ability to convince the social consumer of sports, the possession of representatives to a degree of competitive vigilance in marketing has a positive ethical relationship with their ability to convince the sports consumer socially. Therefore, the researcher recommends when choosing sales representatives the need to distinguish competitive marketing due to their role in convincing the consumer to buy.

The development of sources of self‐efficacy in self‐regulation during one primary school year: the role of gender, special educational needs, and individual strengths

AbstractThe study investigated the development of sources of self‐efficacy in self‐regulation in 9–12 year old (N = 317, primary school) students during one school year. We used latent growth curve modeling to determine (1) how the different sources of self‐efficacy for self‐regulation (i.e., mastery experience, vicarious experience, social persuasion, physiological and emotional arousal) change over one school year, and (2) how students' gender, special educational needs, and behavioral and emotional strengths relate to these changes. These results indicated that, on average, mastery experiences decreased and physiological and emotional arousal increased, whereas vicarious experience and social persuasion remained stable. Girls had higher initial levels of physiological and emotional arousal than boys, and experienced a steeper decline in mastery experiences compared to boys. Students with special educational needs had lower initial levels of mastery experience and higher physiological and emotional arousal than students without special educational needs. In addition, students with higher individual strengths presented higher initial levels of mastery and vicarious experiences, and lower physiological and emotional arousal. The results contribute to current research and practice by indicating that sources of self‐efficacy for self‐regulation change over time and are thus malleable in the school context.

The Effect of Social Media Influencer Warranting Cues on Intentions to Use Non-Hormonal Contraception

ABSTRACT Young women increasingly get sexual health information from social media influencers, who use persuasive communication and can alter attitudes, intentions, and behaviors. Contraception is a commonly discussed health topic among influencers on social media. Previous research suggests that influencers negatively frame and encourage the discontinuation of hormonal contraception. At the same time, influencers also encourage the uptake of less effective non-hormonal options, such as fertility awareness-based methods. Though descriptive content analysis work details these patterns in influencer contraceptive messaging, there is no experimental research that explains message effects. The purpose of this study was to experimentally test the effect of influencer contraceptive-related messaging on behavioral health intentions. This study introduces warranting theory as a potentially valuable model for explaining online health communication message effects. Specifically, this study tested the effect of influencer messages containing sponsorship and medical disclaimers on intentions to use non-hormonal contraception. U.S. females (n = 296) ranging in age from 18–29 years old participated in a survey. Findings suggest that the interaction led to decreased intentions to use non-hormonal contraception. However, findings did not support a relationship between influencer messaging and impressions, which highlights potential boundary conditions for warranting theory and high-risk health behaviors. Additionally, there was a positive relationship between perceived trustworthiness and expertise of the influencer and intention to use non-hormonal contraception. Future research should test influencer messaging using real social media content and consider the effect of parasocial relationships. Practical implications highlight the need for comprehensive contraceptive counseling.

Strategies of Social Persuasion Against Hussitism

This contribution investigates the different strategies and methods of cultural and social persuasion against the Hussite reformation employed by an important member of the University of Vienna, Peter of Pirchenwart (d. 1436). During his career he used various oral and written means against the “new” heresy: sermons to the people, university lectures, theological commentaries, and short treatise. Different types of audiences were targeted in two cultural centres and key sites of anti-Hussite propaganda in the city of Vienna: the Faculty of Theology and St Stephen’s Church, both connected to the Ducal Court. Here I am going to discuss five unedited texts produced by him: the commentary on the Book IV of the Sentences; the biblical commentary on the Gospel of John, containing two anti-heretic sections, one of which is known to the catalogues under the eloquent title of De religione militari contra Hussitas; the short treatise Determinatio contra Hussitas; and two sermons delivered in 1423 and 1431. In these texts, the dimension of violence (both verbal and physical) is present as a recurring motif and substantial theme; one of Pirchenwart’s primary aims, in fact, is precisely to justify the extermination of heretics, without any form of negotiation or dialogue. Through these case studies I will highlight some of the ways in which the heresy was addressed locally (the city of Vienna), at the intersection of intellectual production and the construction of the collective imaginary.

Enhancing COVID-19 Vaccination Awareness and Uptake in the Post-PHEIC Era: A Narrative Review of Physician-Level and System-Level Strategies.

Following the World Health Organization's declaration that the COVID-19 pandemic is no longer a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC), COVID-19 remains an ongoing threat to human health and healthcare systems. Vaccination plays a crucial role in reducing the disease's incidence, mitigating its severity, and limiting transmission, contributing to long-term public health resilience. However, incomplete vaccination coverage and vaccine hesitancy exist. This narrative review investigates strategies at the system and physician levels aimed at sustaining awareness and uptake of COVID-19 vaccination in a post-PHEIC era. Through an examination of the existing literature, this review explores the effectiveness of diverse approaches utilized by healthcare systems and individual providers. These approaches address every component of the 5C model of vaccine hesitancy: confidence, complacency, constraints/convenience, calculation, and collective responsibility. Physician-level approaches include appropriate message framing, persuasive communication containing safety and personal/social benefit information, sharing of personal stories, creating a safe space for discussion, harnessing co-administration with annual influenza vaccines, and use of decision aids and visual messages. System-level approaches include messaging, mass media for health communication, on-site vaccine availability, pharmacist delivery, healthcare protocol integration, incentives, and chatbot use.

What factors influence clinical nurses' self-efficacy after wound care training? A scoping review

The inadequate management of wounds carries significant implications for patients and challenges clinical nurses. Consequently, there is a need for wound care training to enhance self-efficacy. However, despite participation in such training, nurses often need more practical experience and educational background to exhibit higher confidence levels. This results in a deficiency in self-efficacy when performing wound care. This study aims to amalgamate literature discussing the determinants influencing self-efficacy and present strategies for clinical nurses to enhance it after wound care training.The article search utilized the PRISMA method, with searches conducted in Google Scholar, Proquest, Science Direct, and Pubmed databases. Sixteen articles met the specified inclusion criteria, which required English-language articles published within the last five years (2018-2023) discussing factors affecting clinical nurse self-efficacy after wound training.Various factors, including competence, social support, and self-motivation, influence wound nurses' self-efficacy. Competence factors encompass structured training and education, while social support involves sharing experiences and engaging in case reflection. Additionally, motivational factors play a significant role, such as reinforcing values and attitudes when facing obstacles and maintaining the belief that nurses can effectively adhere to wound care standards. Enhancing self-efficacy includes improving competencies through standardized wound training, increasing educational opportunities, self-experience, social persuasion support, sharing experiences, high self-motivation, and managing emotions when assessing one's ability to achieve goals successfully.Professional development programs designed to provide structured training for nurses have enhanced their competencies, social support, and motivation, strengthened holistic wound care clinical skills and improved self-efficacy. Therefore, exploring additional factors that may further contribute to this positive outcome is advisable.

Self-efficacy učitelů 1. stupně základní školy: zdroje jeho zlepšení

Self-efficacy is an important teachers’ characteristic that reflects how well they persevere when faced with obstacles. In this study we explored the sources which, according to Albert Bandura’s theory, contribute to changes in self-efficacy. Participants were 984 primary school teachers in the Czech Republic. Two research instruments were employed: (a) ZSE, a scale measuring teachers’ use of sources of self-efficacy and (b) OSTES-Cz, a scale measuring teachers’ instructional efficacy and class management efficacy. Teachers evaluated mastery experiences and emotional states to be the strongest efficacy sources, followed by social persuasion and vicarious experiences. Duration of teaching practice appeared to associate with mastery experiences and vicarious experiences, while social persuasion was related to the type of elementary school. In regression analyses, mastery experiences, emotional states and vicarious experiences significantly predicted instructional efficacy. On the other hand, class management efficacy was significantly predicted by mastery experiences and emotional states. Findings are discussed with reference to future research aiming to overcome methodology limitations.

Pelaksanaan Strategi Komunikasi Persuasi Coffeshop Delapan Meter

The Eight Meter Coffee Shop, located in the Mojokerto area, has become a popular gathering spot, especially for the people of Mojokerto City. According to its Google Business page, Eight Meter Coffee Shop has gained popularity with a rating of 4.6 out of around 295 recorded reviews. The shop offers an industrial concept and a view of the rice fields, enhancing the experience for visitors. Apart from its well-crafted ambiance, Eight Meter Coffee Shop employs various communication strategies to engage its customers effectively. In this study, the persuasive communication tactics employed by Eight Meter Coffee Shop are analyzed using a quasi-qualitative research methodology, involving data collection, analysis, conclusion drawing, and application of findings in a broader context. Informants involved in this research include the baristas, the owner, and patrons within the Coffee Shop. Additionally, a quasi-qualitative research design is utilized to analyze data at various levels, classify it for easier utilization, and compile it into a scholarly report. The research findings highlight the importance of considering appropriate design in advertising Eight Meter Coffee Shop, focusing on product quality with added attractive elements, and seizing specific moments to capture the attention of new audiences. Moreover, strengthening ties with the local community and involving them in promotional activities can be effective strategies for increasing foot traffic and customer engagement.

Investigating The Impact of Communication Apprehension on Learning Public Speaking of English Major Students

Being able to stand in front of a crowd and speak in front of an audience is important for improving the academic achievement of individuals in the present as well as support for future career development. McCroskey and Richmond (1987) assert that the ability to speak in public is important for persuasion and effective communication because it allows people to confidently convey their ideas, engage an audience, and express themselves clearly. However, Horwitz et al. (1991) define linguistic CA as the feelings of discomfort or uncomfortable experienced by foreign language learners. Learning a foreign language can be stressful for many students, especially when they are in the classroom. This study aimed to investigate the impact of communication apprehension (CA) on the learning of public speaking skills among English major students at Nam Can Tho University. A quantitative data collection method was used to address three key research questions: (1) How does communication apprehension affect the learning of public speaking skills? (2) What are the common causes of communication apprehension among English major students? (3) What are the possible methods to reduce communication apprehension and improve public speaking skills? The study utilizes a questionnaire including 47 questions to identify common causes of communication apprehension (CA) to explore potential strategies to deal with CA in public speaking. The Reliability Analysis on 50 items of these clusters showed that the reliability coefficient of the questionnaire could be acceptable for all parts. The sample consisted of 135 university students enrolled in English Studies major in 4 different classes. They averaged around 18 to 22 years of age with 29,6 percent being males, and 70,4 percent being female. The result showed that the preparation skills significantly impact the result of public speaking. Besides, based on the questionnaire result, factors like inappropriate self-expectations, fear of evaluation, excessive focus on the topic, and fear of the audience's reactions have no effect or minor effect on their public speaking. The findings of this research help the students improve their public speaking skills and inform the development of effective interventions to enhance their communication competence.

Cultural intervention based on "Bhuppa Bhabhu Ghuru Rato" to overcome early marriage in Torjun Sampang

Pondok Pesantren Darussalam Torjun is addressing the high incidence of early marriages, which significantly impact students' education. Data shows that 41 percent of women in Torjun Village marry before 21, leading to issues like low educational attainment, health risks, and economic challenges. To combat this, a cultural intervention program, BHUPPA-BHABHU-GHURU-RATO, was developed in collaboration with partners. The program aims to increase students' knowledge about early marriage and assertive communication, raise parental awareness of early marriage impacts, and provide a curriculum and educational media on the subject. The initiative targets 77 students, 20 parents, 5 school administrators, health center staff, religious affairs office staff, and the sub-district head. The methods include psychoeducation and the dissemination of curriculum and educational media. The program comprises two parts: community empowerment, involving activities for students, parents, school administrators, and government officials, and cadre development, focusing on peer counseling and persuasive communication training. Results showed a 16 percent increase in students' understanding of early marriage dangers, a 3 percent increase in assertive communication knowledge, and a 10 percent increase in parental awareness. The program's sustainability is supported by curriculum integration, the use of educational media, and the Anti-Early Marriage Knights system.

Social media symbiosis: Understanding the dynamics of online political persuasion in social media ecologies

Research has noted that political content on social media, both accurate and fake, may lead users to reconsider their political opinions and be persuaded. This study contributes to this topic by examining how political attitude change in social media unfolds according to users’ perceptions. Our findings, based on in-depth interviews with 30 Spanish social media users, show how the centrality of social media in citizens’ everyday life nudges them into a persuasive relationship in these ecologies. We conceptualize this dynamic relationship as social media symbiosis, an analogy that draws on the biological concept of symbiosis, and that explains the characteristics of perceived online persuasion: (1) the primacy of social media persuasion over other information sources, (2) its gradual and evolutionary nature, and (3) the persuasive relationships in which users may engage: mutualism, in which both sender and receiver reciprocally benefit and persuade each other; and parasitism, in which fake news creators harmfully persuade receivers while benefitting. Our study contributes to extant literature by theorizing about the persuasive relationship in which users perceive to engage in social media, and the rationales that facilitate it.

Reducing food waste through persuasive communication design: how data visualisation principles reinforce behaviour change social marketing messages

PurposeThis paper aims to demonstrate how the design of data visualisations can act as a tool to support social marketing messages in prompting behaviour change to reduce food waste using the Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM) as a theoretical framework. It also responds to a lack of consumer-led insight to develop campaigns in reducing food waste.Design/methodology/approachThe research uses data collected by the End Food Waste Cooperative Research Centre (EFW CRC) in Australia to determine which text-based campaign messages are most likely to prompt people toward reducing food waste. Behaviour change messages were first identified through workshops with 11 food waste experts, then explored through online focus group discussions with 18 participants from three food-wasting market segments. The messages were further tested via a quantitative survey among 1,000 decision makers in Australian households in their own homes, with the top three performing messages examined using summative content analysis.FindingsThe significant findings were that participants want to see 1) evidence of how adopting new behaviours would lead to financial savings and benefit the environment, and 2) concrete steps to reduce food waste. When examined through the ELM, the findings suggest that tools that encourage both cognitive and peripheral processing as a means of persuasion, like data visualisations, may be useful for changing food-wasting behaviours.Research limitations/implicationsApplying principles from the field of communication design to the ELM has uncovered the potential for a cross-disciplinary approach to enhance theoretical frameworks for understanding consumer engagement with messages. This process in turn, may lead to the development of more effective behaviour change marketing strategies.Practical implicationsSix principles for using data visualisations in a social marketing campaign are proposed: personal relevance, ease of use, emotional storytelling, context, prioritising the message itself and long-term usage.Originality/valueThis study proposes that data visualisations could enhance the effectiveness of social marketing campaigns by leveraging consumer-derived insights and the persuasive capacity inherent in their theoretical underpinnings.

Let Us Excite and Inspire Consumers to Recycle! Spokescharacters as Effective Environmental Communicators

This study investigated the role of fictional spokespersons (i.e., spokescharacters) in enhancing environmental communication persuasiveness using stimuli–organism–response as a theoretical framework. Specifically, the study explored how the excitement, attractiveness and role model traits (stimulus) of spokescharacters influence consumers’ cognitive and affective recycling attitudes (organism), resulting in augmented recycling intentions (response). Theoretical relationships were derived after reviewing relevant literature and tested by collecting data through an online survey administered to 314 U.S. consumers. Data were analysed using structural equation modelling, and findings suggest that the excitement trait positively influences recycling intentions only through affective recycling attitudes. In contrast, the role model trait is suitable for enhancing consumers’ cognitive (directly) and affective (indirectly) recycling attitudes. The attractiveness trait has no standalone role in enhancing recycling intentions but can augment the effect of the excitement trait on affective recycling attitudes. Overall, the findings suggest that spokescharacters can be a promising communication strategy for environmental marketers.

Pengaruh Brand Awareness dan Influencer Tasya Farasya terhadap Brand Trust Produk Skintific

Brand trust is an important thing that the company must pursue. This is because brand trust is closely related to the company's existence. This research was conducted aiming to find out whether there is influence of Brand Awareness and influencer Tasya Farasya on Brand Trust of SKINTIFIC Products. Researchers refer to the theory of communication persuasion matrix to analyze the concept. The method used in this research is quantitative with explanatory research. Technique The sample in this study was calculated using purposive sampling. The results of this study indicate that brand awareness and influencer Tasya Farasya has a positive and significant effect on brand trust. The independent variable simultaneously influences the dependent variable by 81.9%.

Strategi Komunikasi Persuasif Guru dalam Meningkatkan Motivasi Belajar Siswa

Student motivation is the key to the success of an educational process, with fluctuations in motivation, whether increasing or decreasing, often being an internal factor of the student. However, teachers play a crucial role in supporting and enhancing student motivation. In efforts to increase student motivation, teachers employ persuasive communication to alter the understanding of students experiencing challenges in learning motivation. This study examines the persuasive communication strategies used by teachers at SD Islam Sinar Cendekia BSD to enhance student learning motivation. Using a descriptive qualitative approach and a case study method, data were collected through observations and interviews with teachers. The findings of the study indicate that before implementing persuasive communication, teachers are guided to understand the students' character so that the persuasive message aligns with the students' emotional conditions, which undoubtedly facilitates the teachers in providing examples or analogies to support the persuasive message. Additionally, teachers also align student character with the design and implementation of learning, the outcomes of which reflect the teachers' credibility in applying persuasive communication strategies

The Impact of Persuasive Communication, Transformational Leaderships, and Work Interest on Work Ethic

The Yogyakarta City Fire Department is located on Jl. Muja Muju. Umbulharjo, Yogyakarta City, is an implementing element of the government that has the responsibility of assisting the community in handling fires and rescues. In addition to extinguishing fires, firefighters are also trained to carry out evacuations such as accidents, natural disasters, and other emergency evacuations. So the importance of competent and qualified human resources (HR) is needed to support the work ethic and activities so that the mission of the company or an organization can succeed. This study aims to prove and collect empirical evidence that Persuasive Communication, Transformational Leadership, and Work Interest affect the Work Ethic of Employees of the Fire and Rescue Service of Yogyakarta City. By conducting this study, the researcher hopes that the results of this study can be an evaluation in improving the performance and work ethic of the relevant agencies. This type of quantitative research with 67 respondents, using a purposive sampling method. Data was collected using a questionnaire and Likert scale as a measurement. The results of the study partially and simultaneously all variables, namely Persuasive Communication, Transformational Leadership, and Work Interest, have a positive and significant effect on the Work Ethic.

Data on selfـــefficacy and its sources during the COVID-19 crisis: A Saudi auditor’s perspective

Background Auditors during COVID-19 experienced an unprecedented situation where normal audit activities became difficult to conduct. Moreover, COVID-19 forced auditors to introduce a new audit approach, “remote auditing,” which was not common in most audit firms and required the adoption of more advanced technologies. Overall, auditors during COVID-19 needed both cognitive and technical factors to deliver high-quality audits. Despite the challenges, research into how auditors dealt with these issues is limited, presenting an intriguing area of study. Methods This dataset provides insights into the Saudi auditor’s experience and beliefs regarding audit activities during COVID-19. Through an online survey, researchers collected data from 193 out of 417 registered auditors with the Saudi Organization for Chartered and Professional Accountants (SOCPA). The survey assessed the auditors’ self-efficacy in conducting audits during the pandemic, exploring its sources and potential moderating factors. Specifically, the dataset includes responses on eight items related to self-efficacy, 19 items covering the four common sources of self-efficacy (mastery experience, vicarious experience, social persuasion, and physiological/emotional states), and six items assessing virtual audit competency. Additionally, the dataset contains demographic information valuable for researchers analysing the relationship between auditor self-efficacy, its sources, and other influencing factors. Conclusions Overall, the dataset included in this article may serve a broader audience and be useful in improving several stakeholders’ understanding of the effects of COVID-19 on auditors and how auditors assess their ability to adapt to the COVID-19 consequences. This research contributes to the existing body of knowledge by highlighting the need for auditors to adapt to new circumstances and adopt innovative approaches during challenging times, thereby ensuring the delivery of high-quality audits.

The Role of Charismatic Leadership Tactics and Inconsistent Messages in Processing and Evaluating Climate Change Information

Climate change poses an unprecedented challenge to humanity, and persuasive environmental communication is a crucial step for global leaders to counteract its consequences. Charismatic leaders are especially effective in communicating information. Interestingly, in recent years, there have been frequent incidences where charismatic leaders made inconsistent environmental statements. How people process such inconsistencies can provide key insights into understanding the processing of climate information. In two preregistered online studies (N = 668), we examined how people read and evaluate pro- and contra-environmentalism messages from an environmental, charismatic leader. We found persistent effects of message inconsistencies, leading to longer reading times and lower convincingness ratings for information. However, we failed to find an interaction effect of the experimental manipulations or a main effect of charisma on reading times for environmental messages. In Study 2, we detected an interaction effect of leader charisma and message inconsistency on how convincing participants rated text messages. Participants rated contra-environmental messages as more convincing when following displays of charismatic rather than neutral leader behavior. We discuss future research avenues to explore charismatic leader influences on processing climate change information.

Designing social media to foster user engagement in challenging misinformation: a cross-cultural comparison between the UK and Arab countries

Challenging others who post misinformation is a type of social correction that complements algorithm-based approaches. However, participation rates in such social acts remain limited. In this paper, we study design techniques that leverage principles of persuasive system design and communication theories to foster such prosocial behaviour across two distinct cultural contexts: the British and the Arab. A total of 462 participants completed an online survey (250 UK, 212 Arabs). The study compared the two cultural contexts regarding willingness to challenge misinformation and the persuasiveness of seven design techniques to increase that willingness, namely predefined question stickers, thinking face reaction, sentence openers, fact checker badge, social norm messages, tone detector, and private commenting. Moreover, it explores the impact of individuals’ characteristics on their perception of the techniques as being more or less persuasive than a standard comment box. The study found that the willingness to challenge misinformation was significantly higher in the Arab context than in the UK context. Moreover, except for the private commenting, all techniques were more impactful in the Arab context than in the UK context. Some techniques, such as predefined question stickers, were more effective in both cultures compared to the standard comment box, while others, like the fact checker badge, were more effective only in the Arab context. However, in the UK, sentence openers had a lower impact. Furthermore, personality traits, age, and perspective-taking showed the potential but also the varying impacts on the persuasiveness of the techniques on users’ correction of misinformation across both cultural contexts while pointing to the need for considering both personal and cultural factors in designing social-correction-based solutions.

Role of COVID-19 Caller Tune and Intention to Get Vaccinated: An Application of the Health Belief Model

This study examined the persuasive healthcare communication of COVID-19 vaccination using mobile phone caller tunes as cues to action in intention to get vaccinated. Results indicate that caller tunes have a significant impact on only two constructs of the health belief model (HBM)—perceived benefits and self-efficacy—which can lead to getting vaccinated. However, the individual’s perception of barriers, severity and susceptibility was not found to be influenced by the caller tunes. The study was conducted with a sample of 334 drawn from India who were in the process of getting vaccinated at the time of the data collection. Our analysis reveals that a well-designed caller tune message by incorporating aspects of all constructs of HBM may have a bigger impact in such an unprecedented crisis. There is a dearth of research focussing on the relevance of cues to action in public health communication, and our study is an attempt to address this gap.