Persuasive Research Articles

EXPERIENCE IN ORGANIZING STUDENT RESEARCH CLUB FOR UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS IN HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION

The relevance of this article is underscored by recent legislative changes in Ukraine, including the “Higher Education Law” and the “Law on Scientific and Technical Activity”, which have increased focus on integrating research into the educational framework of higher education institutions. These laws emphasize the need for a symbiotic relationship between higher education and scientific research, particularly in the training of medical students. They mandate new standards for the structure and objectives of scientific research activities within these institutions, encouraging the development of clear research agendas, updated educational resources to foster relevant competencies, and environments that support effective research endeavors. Cultivating a research-oriented professional requires concerted effort starting from the very beginning of a student’s academic journey. Broadening the engagement of medical students in Student Research Club activities is essential. Through participation in Student Research Club, students gain proficiency in navigating scholarly sources, acquire fundamental research skills, learn to apply theoretical knowledge in clinical contexts, and develop the ability to bridge theory with practice. Encouraging medical students to participate in professional competitions, conferences, and symposia at various levels is of great importance as well. Such activities hone public speaking skills, teach students how to engage and retain an audience, and prepare future healthcare professionals to be confident and persuasive communicators. Professional mentorship is vital for Student Research Club members. Faculty involvement, the guidance of Student Research Club advisors, scientific mentors, and leadership from the Student Research Club team are all critical to cultivating the research skills of emerging medical scientists. This article outlines the strategies implemented by the Department of Human Anatomy, Clinical Anatomy, and Operative Surgery at Dnipro State Medical University to engage early undergraduate students in scientific research.

‘Sneaky’ Persuasion in Public Health Risk Communication

ABSTRACTThis paper identifies and critiques a tendency for public health risk communication to be ‘sneakily’ persuasive. First, I describe how trends in the social and health sciences have facilitated an approach to public health risk communication which focuses on achieving behaviour change directly, rather than informing people's decisions about their health behaviour. I then consider existing discussions of the merits of informing versus persuading in public health communication, which largely endorse persuasive approaches. I suggest such accounts are unsatisfying insofar as their definitions of persuasion often fail to recognise its directional nature and the distorting effect this has on the total picture of the evidence. I re‐characterise persuasion as directional influence aimed at achieving a particular outcome in the recipient and acknowledge that persuasive influence may also be manipulative. I then contrast this with (non‐directional) information provision. I suggest that much persuasive public health risk communication is ‘sneaky’: it appears to be informative, but in fact presents a distorted picture of the evidence (in accordance with my characterisation of persuasion). I argue that such sneakily persuasive public health risk communication is unethical on the basis that it fails to adhere to the norms of cooperative communication.

PENDEKATAN TEKNIK KOMUNIKASI DALAM PENYULUHAN PENGGUNAAN PUPUK ORGANIK BAGI PETANI SAYURAN KANGKUNG DI KELURAHAN MATABUBU KECAMATAN POASIA KOTA KENDARI

This study aims to determine and analyze the communication techniques of extension workers in counseling the use of organic fertilizers for farmers, and to know the knowledge of farmers in the use of organic fertilizers in Matabubu Village, Poasia District, Kendari City.This research was conducted in July 2023. The population in the study will be informants, because kale farmers in Matabubu Village amounted to 7 people, as well as 1 extension agent in charge of Matabubu Village. Data collection techniques consist of observation, in-depth interviews, documentation and literature. The focus of the research includes: extension communication techniques (informative communication, persuasive communication and instructive communication), farmers' knowledge during related extension (source/content of organic fertilizer, benefits of organic fertilizer, how to make organic fertilizer and use of organic fertilizer). The analysis used in this research is qualitative descriptive analysis. The results showed that the communication techniques used consisted of informative, persuasive and instructive communication techniques that had been implemented by extension workers. As well as, farmers' knowledge in the use of organic fertilizer for kale vegetables in general have known, but the process of making organic fertilizer, farmers do not know

Data on selfـــefficacy and its sources during the COVID-19 crisis: A Saudi auditor's perspective.

Auditors during COVID-19 experienced an unprecedented situation, in which normal audit activities were difficult to conduct. Moreover, COVID-19 forced auditors to introduce a new audit approach, "remote auditing," which was not common in most audit firms and required the adoption of more advanced technologies. Overall, auditors during the COVID-19 pandemic needed both cognitive and technical factors to deliver high-quality audits. Despite these challenges, research on how auditors deal with these issues is limited, presenting an intriguing area of study. This dataset provides insights into Saudi auditors' experience and beliefs regarding audit activities during COVID-19. Through an online survey, researchers collected data from 193 of 417 registered auditors with the Saudi Organization for Chartered and Professional Accountants (SOCPA). The survey assessed auditors' self-efficacy in conducting audits during the pandemic and explored its sources and potential moderating factors. Specifically, the dataset includes responses to eight items related to self-efficacy, 19 items covering four common sources of self-efficacy (mastery experience, vicarious experience, social persuasion, and physiological/emotional states), and six items assessing virtual audit competency. Additionally, the dataset contains demographic information that is valuable for researchers analyzing the relationship between auditor self-efficacy, its sources, and other influencing factors. Overall, the dataset included in this study may serve a broader audience and be useful in improving several stakeholders' understanding of the effects of COVID-19 on auditors and how auditors assess their ability to adapt to COVID-19 consequences. This study contributes to the existing body of knowledge by highlighting the need for auditors to adapt to new circumstances and adopt innovative approaches during challenging times, thereby ensuring the delivery of high-quality audits.

Designing persuasive communication models for vaccine acceptance in isolated communities: A mass communication approach

This study introduces the Persuasive Communication Model as a novel approach to address vaccine hesitancy in isolated U.S. communities, where infectious diseases such as measles and influenza continue to pose significant public health threats. By integrating mass communication theories like the Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM) and Social Cognitive Theory (SCT), with AI-driven message personalization, the model effectively tailors health communication strategies to the cultural, cognitive, and socio-economic contexts of vaccine-hesitant populations. In a randomized controlled trial, the model increased vaccination uptake by over 20% compared to traditional methods, while also enhancing trust in healthcare systems. The model’s adaptive communication, utilizing both digital platforms and community leaders, was instrumental in overcoming barriers related to geographic isolation, religious beliefs, and cultural resistance. These findings are particularly relevant for enhancing national public health security and reducing the economic burden of vaccine-preventable diseases. The study highlights the model's superiority over static communication frameworks, offering scalable applications for broader public health interventions.

Neurorhetoric: Rhetoric Intersection with Neuroscience

Abstract: Neurorhetoric examines the cognitive and neurological underpinnings of successful persuasive communication. This article seeks to examine the convergence of rhetoric and neuroscience by looking at the rhetorical framework established by Aristotle, which includes ethos, pathos, and logos. The assumption is that the integration of rhetoric with neuroscience has the potential to greatly enhance the practical relevance of rhetoric approaches in fields such as education, politics, marketing, healthcare, etc. The study employs methods of desk research and critical review of foundational and contemporary scientific publications in the fields of rhetoric, neurorhetoric, and psychology. Future studies should prioritize the advancement of the theoretical and empirical foundations of neurorhetoric. Collaboration between experts in rhetoric, linguistics, and neuroscience among others, will facilitate the achievement of this goal. Collective efforts like this will enhance our comprehension of the complex interaction between the brain, lan¬guage, and persuasion. Exploring the neural mechanisms of persuasion is a rela¬tively new field of research, even though the art of persuasion and argumentation, known as rhetoric, has been practiced since ancient times. Neurorhetoric explores the intersection between different rhetorical canons, such as ethos, pathos, and logos, and specific brain functions. This investigation focuses on both real-world and virtual communication contexts. Keywords: rhetoric, persuasion, cognitive processes, neuroscience, neu¬rorhetoric.

Fostering Self-efficacy for Future Physics Teachers: Recommendation of Future Direction of Teacher Education Institutions

<p>Self-efficacy in teaching is essential for pre-service teachers, and its development needs to be started as soon as possible. This research is descriptive research that aims to recommend policies that can be carried out by universities, faculties, and study programs related to the development of pre-service physics teachers' self-efficacy in teaching. The research participants were 113 pre-service physics teachers in one of the teacher education institutions in Indonesia. The research instrument used was an open-ended question questionnaire totaling eight questions, which explores self-efficacy in three aspects, namely general definitions, influencing factors, and lecture activities that can increase teaching self-efficacy. The answers of pre-service physics teachers are grouped based on the study program's authority, faculty, or university. The results show that self-efficacy in teaching is influenced mainly by 1) the mastery experiences, 2) the mastery of content knowledge, 3) social persuasion, and 4) the mastery of pedagogical knowledge. Based on these results, it is necessary to have a policy by the Universities, Faculties, and Study Programs related to the development of self-efficacy in teaching. Policies needed from universities and faculties are to increase the number and length of teaching practice for pre-service teachers. The policy required from the study program is self-efficacy integration in courses, especially courses related to teaching practice. In addition, the study program also needs to make rules or guidelines for lecturers who teach subjects related to teaching practice courses, to provide feedback and reflection, and strengthen teaching practice activities for pre-service teachers.</p>

Komunikasi Persuasif dan Word of Mouth dalam Pemasaran Tabungan Haji Panin Dubai Syariah Bank

Marketing communication has the function of conveying information, persuading and reminding potential consumers of products and services for making purchasing decisions. The type of product, the target market for prospective consumers, the strength of the network owned and the company's ability in terms of promotion budget are aspects that need to be considered in determining the form and channel of marketing communication for a product. Persuasive communication plays an important role for the company's success in influencing prospective customers to respond and act according to what is expected in relation to product marketing. Word of mouth about the experiences of customers who have enjoyed the company's products and services forms word of mouth which is an effective communication medium in influencing the decision making of other prospective customers. This study uses a qualitative approach and is descriptive in nature, aims to describe and analyze the application of persuasive communication elements and word of mouth elements as a form and channel of marketing communication for Hajj Savings at Panin Dubai Syariah Bank. The data used in this study are primary and secondary data. Primary data was obtained from direct observation and interviews, while secondary data was obtained from the results of research that had been carried out by previous researchers and scientific reports contained in articles or journals regarding persuasive communication and word of mouth. The results of the study show that the elements of persuasive communication (claims, warrants and data) are implemented in verbal communication by the opinion leaders and non-verbally in the choice of media sentences to promote PDSB Hajj Savings products. Word of mouth elements (WoM Units, Participants, Venues, Actions and Outcomes) occur and are implemented in the interaction process both by opinion leaders to the community and Hajj Savings customers who have experienced PDSB Hajj Savings services to the surrounding community.

Beyond influence: unraveling the complex tapestry of digital influencer dynamics in hyperconnected cultures

Purpose This paper aims to the intricate relationship between digital influencers (DIs) and their followers, aiming to develop a comprehensive framework that explains how influence works in the digital world. It focuses on understanding the cultural aspects that shape these relationships in today’s global and digital marketplace. Design/methodology/approach This study employs a holistic methodology, intertwining historical, cultural and theoretical insights to decode the DI phenomenon. Applying a Grounded Theory approach, this paper coded articles into categories, developed abstract concepts and refined them through cycles of literature collection and analysis that allowed identifing gaps in the Influencer Marketing field. This comprehensive review and inductive analysis of globalization, mediated communication and digital interactions aim to unravel the intricacies of digital and virtual influence. This paper’s theoretical development advances propositions that dissect the facets influencing digital adoption, usage, interest and value perception, leading to a detailed model of digital influence grounded in both theory and real-world examples. Findings This research uncovers the significant impact DIs have, driven by global connections and the way we communicate in the digital age. Historical context situates DIs within the broader narrative of mediated persuasive communication. A preliminary typology of DIs and influence contexts forms the foundation for further exploration. Research limitations/implications This study enhances the discussion around DIs by considering the influence of technology and culture together. It draws from the thoughts of leading thinkers on how technology connects us, providing a strong foundation for future studies. Practical implications As digital influence and the surrounding technology continue to change, it’s important to think critically about these trends. This research offers valuable insights for businesses looking to navigate the digital landscape effectively, helping them make better strategic decisions about their online presence. Originality/value This study breaks new ground by offering a detailed categorization of DIs and proposing a fresh way to understand their role. It links important ideas from the past about persuasion through media to the current state of digital influence, offering insights into how digital trends might affect communication strategies.

Factors Associated With Acceptance of an Optional Diagnosis.

A sensation becomes a symptom (a concern) when a person associates it with potential illness. In the absence of objective evidence of a pathophysiological process that has important health consequences without treatment, assigning a diagnosis to the sensation is optional. This is important because labeling of benign bodily sensations as pathophysiology has potential advantages and disadvantages. We asked what patient and clinician factors are associated with willingness to accept an optional diagnosis. In a survey administered using Amazon M-Turk, 536 people anonymously completed validated measures for symptoms of anxiety and depression, intolerance of uncertainty, and skepticism regarding the healthcare system. They then viewed fictional personal medical scenarios in which they were asked to imagine they experienced certain symptoms, and were offered an optional diagnosis of a nerve problem, muscle pain syndrome, or fatigue syndrome, and were asked to rate their willingness to accept the diagnosis on an 12-point ordinal scale from 0 indicating "I do not accept it at all" to 11 indicating "I accept it with enthusiasm." The language of the scenarios was varied to attempt to reflect critical thinking, denigration of other doctors, an alternative mental health focus, or a hopeful outlook. Multilevel linear regression was used to identify factors associated with likelihood of accepting an optional diagnosis. Threshold likelihood of accepting an optional diagnosis greater than 5.5 on a 0 to 11 ordinal scale was independently associated with greater symptoms of anxiety (regression coefficient [RC]=0.38, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]=0.30-0.47, P <.001), greater skepticism regarding the healthcare system (RC=0.11, 95% CI=0.076-0.13, P <.001), and delivery tones characterized by either denigration of other doctors (RC=0.39, 95% CI=0.19-0.60, P <.001) or a hopeful outlook (RC=0.50, 95% CI=0.26-0.73, P <.001). Likelihood of accepting an optional diagnosis may be a sign of relative vulnerability from feelings of distress or distrust of medical evidence. Given this potential vulnerability, clinicians can take care to limit persuasive communication styles that can influence acceptance of optional diagnoses. III prognostic.

Deciphering the neural responses to a naturalistic persuasive message

Effective health promotion may benefit from understanding how persuasion emerges. While earlier research has identified brain regions implicated in persuasion, these studies often relied on event-related analyses and frequently simplified persuasive communications. The present study investigates the neural basis of valuation change induced by a persuasive healthy eating call, employing naturalistic stimuli. Fifty healthy participants performed two blocks of a bidding task, in which they had to bid on sugar-containing, sugar-free, and nonedible products during functional MRI. In between the two blocks, they listened to a persuasive healthy eating call that influenced their bidding behavior. Intriguingly, participants who resisted persuasion exhibited increased synchronization of brain activity during listening in several regions, including default mode network structures. Additionally, intersubject functional connectivity among these brain regions was found to be weaker in persuaded individuals. These results emphasize the individualized nature of processing persuasive messages, challenging conventional interpretations of synchronized neural activity. Our findings support the emerging practice of tailoring persuasive messages in health promotion campaigns.

Moral values and vaccination behavior in Russia during the COVID-19 pandemic

ObjectiveEffective persuasive communication necessitates message matching; the conveyed message should resonate with the recipient's characteristics, including individual moral values. While studies examining the relationship between moral values and vaccination behavior have been conducted in a limited number of countries, this study seeks to provide evidence on this relationship beyond Western democracies. MethodsA cross-sectional online survey was conducted from November 4 to December 17, 2021, in Russia. Participants reported their COVID-19 vaccination behavior and completed the Moral Foundations Questionnaire, designed to measure the endorsement of moral values (n = 415). Regression analysis was employed to assess the association between each moral foundation and COVID-19 vaccination behavior. ResultsOur findings indicate that the moral foundations of Care, Loyalty, Fairness, and Sanctity significantly influence vaccination behavior. Individuals who strongly endorse Fairness (AME = −0.019; 95 % CI = −0.033, −0.005) and Sanctity (AME = −0.016; 95 % CI = −0.031, −0.002) were less likely to be vaccinated. Conversely, individuals endorsing Care (AME = −0.018; 95 % CI = −0.031, −0.005) and Loyalty (AME = −0.015; 95 % CI = −0.028, −0.001) were less likely to report refusal of vaccination. These results remain robust after adjusting for sociodemographic variables related to vaccination barriers. ConclusionOur findings carry public health implications; an understanding of the moral psychology underlying vaccination behavior can facilitate more targeted and effective health communication. Employing skillfully crafted moral appeals may mitigate negative attitudes toward vaccination and enhance vaccination rates.

NEURO-LINGUISTIC PROGRAMMING ELEMENTS IN ADVERTISING: CRAFTING PERSUASIVE DISCOURSE

This study explores the application of Neuro-Linguistic Programming (NLP) principles inadvertising, focusing on how these elements enhance persuasive discourse. NLP is a psychological approach that examines the interplay between language, behavior, and thought patterns, providing valuable insights into consumer decision-making processes. The research aims to identify specific NLP techniques—such as anchoring, reframing, and the use of sensory language—and analyze their effectiveness in creating compelling advertising messages that resonate with target audiences. Through a mixed-methods approach, this study evaluates a selection of advertising campaigns that successfully employ NLP strategies. Qualitative analysis of consumer responses and quantitative assessments of campaign performance metrics reveal a significant correlation between the useof NLP elements and improved consumer engagement and conversion rates. The findings suggest that advertisements incorporating NLP techniques can effectively influence perceptions, emotions, and behaviors, ultimately leading to higher brand loyalty and sales. This research contributes to the understanding of how language and psychological frameworks can be strategically utilized in marketing to enhance persuasive communication. It highlights the need for advertisers to adopt NLP principles to craft messagesthat not only capture attention but also drive meaningful consumer interactions. The implications of these findings underscore the importance of integrating psychological insights into advertising practices, paving the way for future studies in the intersection of psychology and marketing.

Persuasive Effects of Crisis Communication during Public Health Emergency Outbreaks in China.

Major global public health emergencies face unprecedented challenges, such as an infodemic and scientific disputes, and governments especially need to implement fast and effective crisis communication. Firstly, this paper takes the Elaboration Likelihood Model as a framework and constructs a crisis communication persuasion effect evaluation method with emotion analysis. Secondly, this paper takes the crisis communication at the beginning of the COVID-19 outbreak in China as an example and examines the persuasive effects of the peripheral route, represented by medical experts, and the central route, represented by mainstream media. This study finds that the peripheral route of persuasive communication can quickly establish communication trust and quickly change the public's peripheral attitude, but the persuasive effect is unstable. The central route of persuasive communication demonstrates a significantly positive, stable, and anti-interference persuasive effect. Dual-subject persuasion is an important strategy for controlling an outbreak by rapidly establishing communication trust, combating an infodemic, boosting public confidence, and popularizing medical knowledge. This study evaluates the persuasive effects of crisis communication in the early stages of the COVID-19 outbreak in China, hoping to provide valuable practical references for crisis communication during the outbreak in future global public health emergencies.

Analisis Semiotika Pesan Moral Iklan Layanan Masyarakat Perilaku Konsumtif di Kanal Youtube Bagas Dwi Rizqi

Social marketing is a form of marketing created to address various social issues in society. Basically, social marketing has the same principles as commercial marketing in general. Both are forms of persuasive communication programs, where commercial marketing aims to gain financial profits, while social marketing aims to shape changes in behavior, both individuals, groups and social order. Researchers will further explore the moral message content of Consumer Behavior Public Service Advertisements contained in Bagas Dwi Rizqi Hidayat's YouTube content in a content analysis review. The theories used are mass media theory, analysis theory, moral messages, messages, morals, public service advertising theory, advertising, consumer behavior, factors causing consumer behavior, social media, YouTube, semiotic theory, Roland Barthes semiotics. The type of research taken by researchers is descriptive qualitative. The research data collection stage is carrying out the process of observation, documentation and literature research, data reduction results, formulating the problem, presenting the data, which is analyzed by the researcher until the stage of drawing conclusions. The author took five scenes to fulfill the needs of research conducted by researchers based on Roland Barthes' semiotic analysis which emphasizes the search for meaning of denotation, connotation and myth. Based on the results of this research, the researcher concluded that the Public Service Advertisement "Consumptive Behavior" directly describes events in society, especially the behavior of Indonesian people in shopping to the point of ignoring their own needs.

MENTORING TRAINING 'CONTINUE TO STUDY WITH SCHOLARSHIPS' IN SUPPORTING THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE COMPETITIVENESS OF THE PEOPLE OF LAMPUNG

The Human Development Index (HDI) in Lampung Province has increased from 70.45 in 2022 to 71.15 in 2023. However, Lampung's HDI is still the lowest in Sumatra. One of the factors causing this is the low Average Length of School (RLS) which is only 8.29 years, the second lowest in Sumatra. The low RLS is due to the low public interest in higher education. Economic factors and lack of understanding of the importance of higher education are the main causes. The Service Team from the Department of Communication Sciences then provides education, motivation, and mentoring to parents and high school students in Lampung to increase their interest in higher education with scholarships. Effective persuasive communication strategies are used to change people's perceptions of the cost of higher education and open up their insights into available scholarship opportunities. Before the training began, a pre-test was conducted to measure the level of participants' initial understanding of higher education and scholarships. The results of the pre-test showed that most participants had a limited understanding of higher education opportunities and accessible scholarship resources. After a series of training sessions that included educational, motivational, and mentoring sessions with a persuasive communication approach, a post-test was conducted to measure the impact of the activity. The results of the post-test showed a significant improvement. In addition to increasing knowledge, the participants also revealed a change in attitudes towards higher education. Parents, who had previously been worried about the cost of education, showed greater interest in supporting their children to pursue higher education through the scholarship pathway. The students who took part in the training also showed greater enthusiasm and motivation to continue their education. Overall, this service activity has proven successful in achieving its goal, which is to increase public awareness and interest, especially in Lampung Province, to continue higher education through scholarships.

Analisis Wacana Kritis Dukungan Peran Selebritis Pada Pemilihan Calon Presiden 2024 Prabowo Subianto Melalui Instagram @Prabowosubianto

Communication plays an important role in human life, and in Indonesia, the presidential election is an important event where citizens elect the president and vice president directly. Prabowo Subianto, a well-known figure in the world of Indonesian politics, has received support from various celebrities and content creators. This research aims to look at persuasive communication to convince other people to change their attitudes or behavior regarding an issue. The research method used in this research is qualitative and focuses on critical discourse analysis to reveal the strengths inherent in each linguistic process. The main data source for this research is Prabowo Subianto's Instagram account, which actively posts his activities, including activities with celebrities. influencers, and public figures. One of the artists who is part of TKN Prabowo-Gibran is Raffi Ahmad, Nagita Slavina. There are also other artists involved, such as Verrel Bramasta. The use of celebrities is a strategy to attract attention and get votes from voters. The results of this research, namely persuasive communication, play an important role in presidential elections. Celebrity endorsements can influence people's perceptions and voting behavior. Prabowo Subianto's Instagram account is a rich source of data that reveals the power inherent in every linguistic process, and critical discourse analysis is an effective method for analyzing such discourse. A text, conversation and others are forms of certain ideological practices, ideologies built by dominant groups with the aim of reproducing and legitimizing their domination

Pengaruh Komunikasi Persuasif Influencer Fadil Jaidi terhadap Minat Beli Produk Scarlett Whitening

The use of influencers has become widespread among companies or business entities to promote their products and services. Influencers are required to convey persuasive messages through endorsement content to increase purchase intention among the public. This research aims to measure the extent of the influence of Fadil Jaidi's persuasive communication on the purchasing intention in Scarlett Whitening products among Instagram followers @fadiljaidi. This research uses the Elaboration Likelihood Theory to determine which route followers @fadiljaidi take in processing the persuasive messages. Researchers use a quantitative approach with correlation research type and positivism paradigm. The data is collected through online questionnaires distributed to 400 respondents Instagram followers @fadiljaidi. Data analysis techniques include t-test hypothesis, simple linear regression test, and coefficient of determination test. The results show that Fadil Jaidi as a male non-beauty influencer has succeeded in carrying out persuasive communication of the Scarlett Whitening product as a beauty product to his followers on Instagram @fadiljaidi. Influencer Fadil Jaidi's persuasive communication has a high influence on purchase intention Scarlett Whitening products, as evidenced by respondents being more influenced through the central route than the peripheral route when processing the persuasive message conveyed by Fadil Jaidi.

Model Komunikasi Persuasif Pada Pengikut Akun Instagram @infogarut Dalam Pemberitaan Citizen Journalism

Social media as an interactive platform for citizen journalism is increasingly important in the growing internet era. The focus of the research is the Instagram account @infogarut, as a citizen journalism platform in Garut. The purpose of this research is to find out how persuasive communication on @infogarut account followers related to citizen journalism news in the central route and peripheral route. This research method uses descriptive method with qualitative approach. The theory used is persuasive communication theory with the Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM) model. Data collection techniques were carried out through interviews, observation of literature study and documentation. The results showed that the central route creates respondents who are involved and check facts and analyze information in depth before forming an opinion or taking action. The peripheral route in turn creates respondents who are more passive readers and only receive information without detailed analysis. The @infogarut account is known for providing the latest facts and information about Garut. This study provides insight into how citizen journalism on social media, especially Instagram, can influence the way people interact and react to information.

Competitive Marketing Vigilance and its Relationship to Social Persuasion Among a Sample of Sports Equipment Sales Representatives in Iraq

The rapid transformations that are taking place today and due to multiple factors, including modern technological development and intense competition between sports institutions at the local and global levels with the aim of controlling the sports market and achieving superiority, have put marketing representatives in difficult situations, and increasing pressure due to the demand of administrative officials in the field of sales to increase their sales and profits on the one hand, and on the other hand, the demand of sports consumers to satisfy their multiple and different needs and desires, in addition to the presence of competitors for the sports institution produced locally and globally. With high quality standards, the sports marketing job will face great and difficult challenges. The research aimed to identify the relationship between competitive marketing and social persuasion among a sample of sales representatives of sports teams in Iraq, whose number of representatives was (60) delegates randomly selected from the total community. The descriptive approach was used in the relational method of the relationship. Competitive marketing and social persuasion measures were distributed to the sample with the need to confirm the answer as an alternative, and once the answer was completed, the questionnaires were collected, audited and processed statistically using appropriate statistical means. The researcher found that: sales representatives are characterized by competitive marketing and have the ability to convince the social consumer of sports, the possession of representatives to a degree of competitive vigilance in marketing has a positive ethical relationship with their ability to convince the sports consumer socially. Therefore, the researcher recommends when choosing sales representatives the need to distinguish competitive marketing due to their role in convincing the consumer to buy.