Functional Perspective Research Articles

Evaluating the quality of website design aspects and its effect on functional perspectives using Smart-PLS in Web-based apparel shopping environment

Purpose: the necessity for e-commerce business to adopt customer-centric tactics in addition to retail strategies for the growth of e-commerce business is required. The primary objective of this study is to develop an effective measurement scale for assessing the quality of website design and its effect on functional benefits in web-based apparel shopping. Design/ Methodology: the comprehensive framework for evaluating the quality of website design was subsequently accompanied by the collection of data through a web-based survey. The structured questionnaire had a total of 500 consumers of e-commerce websites. Using structural equation modelling (SEM) within the Smart-PLS software to investigate the research's hypotheses. Findings: the data analysis findings suggest the influence of these website design elements on the performance of e-commerce companies. With the analysis of the Smart-PLS there is substantial positive impact of Website aesthetics (WA-EC), Website personalization (WP-EC), and Price Offerings (PO-EC) on Website design quality (WDQ-EC). Additionally, it is worth noting that the quality of website design has a positive effect on the functional benefits experienced by consumers. More studies can be conducted to explore the realm of mobile commerce and its associated factors pertaining to mobile design in future. Practical Implications: the results of this study provide valuable insights for web-based service managers seeking to enhance their understanding of the factors influencing website design quality and the relative importance of each dimension in delivering functional benefits especially in apparel sector. By leveraging these findings, managers can effectively enhance the website design quality of e-commerce websites, aligning it with current market developments, and ultimately contribute to the retention of consumer values. Originality/Value: an empirical model which shows the determinants of WDQ-EC. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, a WDQ-EC framework is modelled considering a specific combination of exogenous variables especially in apparel websites, which is not done by past researchers

Human Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin 1 Channel: Structure, Function, and Physiology.

The transient receptor potential ion channel TRPA1 is a Ca2+-permeable nonselective cation channel widely expressed in sensory neurons, but also in many nonneuronal tissues typically possessing barrier functions, such as the skin, joint synoviocytes, cornea, and the respiratory and intestinal tracts. Here, the primary role of TRPA1 is to detect potential danger stimuli that may threaten the tissue homeostasis and the health of the organism. The ability to directly recognize signals of different modalities, including chemical irritants, extreme temperatures, or osmotic changes resides in the characteristic properties of the ion channel protein complex. Recent advances in cryo-electron microscopy have provided an important framework for understanding the molecular basis of TRPA1 function and have suggested novel directions in the search for its pharmacological regulation. This chapter summarizes the current knowledge of human TRPA1 from a structural and functional perspective and discusses the complex allosteric mechanisms of activation and modulation that play important roles under physiological or pathophysiological conditions. In this context, major challenges for future research on TRPA1 are outlined.

Structural and functional perspectives on interactions between synthetic cathinones and monoamine transporters.

Synthetic cathinone derivatives comprise a family of psychoactive compounds structurally related to amphetamine. Over the last decade, clandestine chemists have synthesized a consistent stream of innovative cathinone derivatives to outpace governmental regulatory restrictions. Many of these unregulated substances are produced and distributed as designer drugs. Two of the principal chemical scaffolds exploited to expand the synthetic cathinone family are methcathinone and α-pyrrolidinopentiophenone (or α-pyrrolidinovalerophenone, α-PVP). These compounds' main physiological targets are monoamine transporters, where they promote addiction by potentiating dopaminergic neurotransmission. This chapter describes techniques used to study the pharmacodynamic properties of cathinones at monoamine transporters in vitro. Biochemical techniques described include uptake inhibition and release assays in rat brain synaptosomes and in mammalian expression systems. Electrophysiological techniques include current measurements using the voltage clamp technique. We describe a Ca2+ mobilization assay wherein voltage-gated Ca2+ channels function as reporters to study the action of synthetic cathinones at monoamine transporters. We discuss results from systematic structure-activity relationship studies on simple and complex cathinones at monoamine transporters with an emphasis on identifying structural moieties that modulate potency and selectivity at these transporters. Moreover, different profiles of selectivity at monoamine transporters directly predict compounds associated with behavioral and subjective effects within animals and humans. In conclusion, clarification of the structural aspects of compounds which modulate potency and selectivity at monoamine transporters is critical to identify and predict potential addictive drugs. This knowledge may allow prompt allocation of resources toward drugs that represent the greatest threats after drugs are identified by forensic laboratories.

First-principles study of Cs/O deposited Na<sub>2</sub>KSb photocathode surface

Na<sub>2</sub>KSb photocathodes have many applications in vacuum optoelectronic devices, such as photomultiplier tubes, image intensifiers, and streak image tubes for high-speed detection and imaging in extremely weak light environments, due to their advantages of high temperature resistance, small dark current, low vacuum requirement, low fabrication cost and high fabrication flexibility. In addition, this type of photocathode has important application prospect in high brightness accelerator photoinjectors. To guide the fabrication of high-sensitivity Na<sub>2</sub>KSb photocathodes, Na<sub>2</sub>KSb surfaces with different surface orientations and atom terminations are investigated by the first-principles calculation method based on the density functional theory to obtain the most stable and most favorable surface for electron emission. From the perspectives of surface energy, adsorption energy, and work function before and after Cs adsorption, it is revealed that the Na<sub>2</sub>KSb (111) K surface exhibits superior surface stability and electron emission capability. Furthermore, the electronic structure and optical properties of Cs adsorption and Cs/O co-adsorption on the Na<sub>2</sub>KSb (111) K surface under different Cs coverages are analyzed, and the mechanism of Cs/O deposition on Na<sub>2</sub>KSb surface is studied. The adsorption energy of Cs in the Cs/O adsorption model is much larger than that in the single Cs adsorption model, indicating that the adsorption of O atoms on the Na<sub>2</sub>KSb surface can make the adsorption of Cs atoms on the surface stronger, and thus increasing the adhesion of Cs atoms on the surface. After adsorption of Cs on the Na<sub>2</sub>KSb (111)K surface, the surface work function only decreases by 0.02 eV, while the maximum work function decrease for the Cs/O adsorbed surface is 0.16 eV, with the Cs coverage of 2/4 ML and the O coverage of 1/4 ML. The adsorption of Cs/O atoms on the surface facilitates the charge transfer above the surface and results in charge accumulation, which can form the effective surface dipole moment. The magnitude of the surface dipole moment is directly related to the change of work function. Furthermore, through the analysis of the electronic band structure and density of states, it is found that the adsorbed Cs atoms have additional contribution to the band structure near the conduction band minimum. After the introduction of O atoms, the valence band moves up, also the bottom of the conduction band and the top of the valence band become flat. The Cs/O deposition is beneficial to increasing the absorption of near-infrared light on the Na<sub>2</sub>KSb surface, but it will reduce the absorption of ultraviolet light and visible light, and the refractive index will also decrease. This work has a certain reference significance for understanding the optimal emission surface of Na<sub>2</sub>KSb photocathode and the mechanism of surface Cs/O deposition.

CD69 is a Promising Immunotherapy and Prognosis Prediction Target in Cancer.

Immunotherapy utilizing T cells that attack tumors is a promising strategy for treatment, but immune suppressive T cell subsets, such as regulatory T cell (Treg), and immune checkpoint molecules, including programmed death-1 (PD-1), can suppress the intensity of a T cell immune reaction and thereby impair tumor clearance. Cluster of differentiation 69 (CD69), known as an early leukocyte activation marker, can be used as a measure or early marker of T cell activation. In recent years, the functions of CD69 in the regulation of Treg/Th17 (T helper cell 17) differentiation and in the tissue retention of T cells have attracted considerable interest. These functions are related to the role of CD69 in immune suppression in tumor environments (TME). In this review, we first summarized current perspectives in the biological function of CD69 and demonstrated that CD69 acts as a regulator of T cell activation, differentiation, retention, and exhaustion. Then, we discussed recent advances in understanding of CD69 deficiency and anti-CD69 antibody administration and shed light on the value of targeting on CD69 for cancer immunotherapy and prognosis prediction.

人际功能视域下高中英语优质阅读课堂教师话语的语气研究

人际功能视域下高中英语优质阅读课堂教师话语的语气研究

A method for solving the limit of multivariate composite functions

Abstract In this paper, according to the concept of multivariate composite function, the limit and continuity conditions of multivariate composite function are given, and the continuity relationship between the inner function and the outer function of the composite function at the same point is investigated. The relationship between the limit and continuity of a composite function composed of two functions at the same point is investigated by examples, while some limit results are explained from the perspective of composite functions, and the limit calculation law of multivariate composite functions is proposed. Using the consistent central limit theorem in the limit calculation law, the absolute value and limit of the interval of the multivariate composite function are obtained, and the iterative limit of the variational reduction approximation method is confirmed by combining the absolute value and limit of the interval of the multivariate composite function. On the basis of the application of limit operation of a multivariate composite function, the limit distribution of high-dimensional likelihood ratio statistics of multivariate composite function is analyzed by using data simulation analysis. The results show that both limit distributions have better simulation results when p are small, such as p = 5 or p = 10, but the traditional limit is better than the normal limit, indicating that the results of multivariate composite function limit calculations have good accuracy. A method for solving the limits of multivariate composite functions is proposed in this study, which is of great theoretical and practical significance in the study of higher mathematics.

A Study of Modern Poetry Translation under the Perspective of Discourse Function: T.S. Eliot's The Waste Land in Multiple Translations as an Example

From the discourse function perspective of Halliday's Systemic Functional Linguistics, this paper compares and analyzes two Chinese translations of The Waste Land by Zhao Luorui and Zha Liangzheng (Mudan), exploring how the different translations creatively interpret and reconstruct the original text in accordance with the cultural context and aesthetic preferences of the target language. It further investigates how this reconstruction impacts and shapes the target readers' understanding and acceptance process. The study reveals that the translators' distinct orientations in translation strategies lead to significant differences in the translations regarding expressive effects and readers' experiences. Zhao's translation effectively maintains the discourse structure and linguistic style of the original text through a conservative and traditional translation approach. Conversely, Mudan's translation notably enhances the readability and acceptability of the translation with a flexible and innovative translation style. Overall, the latter translation is better suited to the aesthetic habits and cultural background of Chinese readers.

SCFormer: Spectral Coordinate Transformer for Cross-Domain Few-Shot Hyperspectral Image Classification.

Cross-domain (CD) hyperspectral image classification (HSIC) has been significantly boosted by methods employing Few-Shot Learning (FSL) based on CNNs or GCNs. Nevertheless, the majority of current approaches disregard the prior information of spectral coordinates with limited interpretability, leading to inadequate robustness and knowledge transfer. In this paper, we propose an asymmetric encoder-decoder architecture, Spectral Coordinate Transformer (SCFormer), for the CDFSL HSIC task. Several dense Spectral Coordinate blocks (SC blocks) are embedded in the backbone of the encoder to establish feature representation with better generalization, which integrates spectral coordinates via Rotary Position Embedding (RoPE) to minimize spectral position disturbance caused by the convolution operation. Due to a large amount of hyperspectral image data and the high demand for model generalization ability in cross-domain scenarios, we design two mask patterns (Random Mask and Sequential Mask) built on unexploited spectral coordinates within the SC blocks, which are unified with the asymmetric structure to learn high-capacity models efficiently and effectively with satisfactory generalization. Besides, from the perspective of the loss function, we devise an intra-domain loss function founded on the Orthogonal Complement Space Projection (OCSP) theory to facilitate the aggregation of samples in the metric space, which promotes intra-domain consistency and increases interpretability. Finally, the strengthened class expression capacity of the intra-domain loss function contributes to the inter-domain loss function constructed by Wasserstein Distance (WD) for realizing domain alignment. Experimental results on four benchmark data sets demonstrate the superiority of the SCFormer.

Continual Learning With Knowledge Distillation: A Survey.

The foremost challenge in continual learning is to mitigate catastrophic forgetting, allowing a model to retain knowledge of previous tasks while learning new tasks. Knowledge distillation (KD), a form of regularization, has gained significant attention for its ability to maintain a model's performance on previous tasks by mimicking the outputs of earlier models during the learning of new tasks, thus reducing forgetting. This article offers a comprehensive survey of continual learning methods employing KD within the realm of image classification. We provide a detailed analysis of how KD is utilized in continual learning methods, categorizing its application into three distinct paradigms. Besides, we classify these methods based on the type of knowledge source used and thoroughly examine how KD consolidates memory in continual learning from the perspective of loss functions. In addition, we have conducted extensive experiments on CIFAR-100, TinyImageNet, and ImageNet-100 across ten KD-integrated continual learning methods to analyze the role of KD in continual learning, and we have further discussed its effectiveness in other continual learning tasks. Our extensive experimental evidence demonstrates that KD plays a crucial role in mitigating forgetting in continual learning and substantiates that, when used with data replay, classification bias adversely affects the effectiveness of KD, whereas employing a separated softmax loss can significantly enhance its efficacy.

Analysis on the Classification and Pattern of Marine Environment Remediation and Restoration Projects in China

Comprehensive improvement of the marine environment, as one of the important measures for ecological restoration of national land space, is the inheritance and development of ecological restoration. By integrating the perspective of marine ecosystem service functions and comprehensively applying various restoration measures, we are committed to optimizing the development pattern of blue national land space, improving the efficiency of natural resource utilization and improving the quality of the ecological environment, in order to collaboratively achieve the ultimate goal of intensive and efficient production space, livable and moderate living space, and beautiful ecological space. This study collected data on marine environment remediation and ecological restoration projects implemented by the country from 2010 to 2015, and through the analysis-combination-induction model, initially established a project classification system suitable for the current status of marine environment remediation and ecological restoration work in China.

Chemical properties of superatomic Li3O clusters from a density functional theory perspective: formation of chloride and adsorption behavior on graphynes.

Superatomic clusters have received a lot of attention due to their ability to mimic the electronic configurations of individual atoms. Despite numerous studies of these clusters, their ability to mimic the chemical properties of individual atoms is still unclear. This also applies for Li3O/Li3O+ clusters which simulate the Na atom and its ion, but their capabilities to form a salt or be adsorbed on surfaces remain unexplored. In this work, a density functional theory investigation was performed to study the chemical formation and adsorption behavior of the superatomic Li3O cluster. The results show that Li3O mimics the chemical properties of the sodium element to form Li3O chloride and be adsorbed on graphdiyne and γ-graphyne with similar binding energy as the sodium adsorbate cases. Beyond the isolated cluster individuals, superatoms are demonstrated as elements from the 3D periodic table to construct compounds and attach onto solid surfaces.

Use of Parallel Explanatory Models to Enhance Transparency of Neural Network Configurations for Cell Degradation Detection.

In a previous paper, we have shown that a recurrent neural network (RNN) can be used to detect cellular network radio signal degradations accurately. We unexpectedly found, though, that accuracy gains diminished as we added layers to the RNN. To investigate this, in this article, we build a parallel model to illuminate and understand the internal operation of neural networks (NNs), such as the RNN, which store their internal state to process sequential inputs. This model is widely applicable in that it can be used with any input domain where the inputs can be represented by a Gaussian mixture. By looking at RNN processing from a probability density function (pdf) perspective, we are able to show how each layer of the RNN transforms the input distributions to increase detection accuracy. At the same time we also discover a side effect acting to limit the improvement in accuracy. To demonstrate the fidelity of the model, we validate it against each stage of RNN processing and output predictions. As a result, we have been able to explain the reasons for RNN performance limits with useful insights for future designs for RNNs and similar types of NN.

Autologous nanofat harvested from donor site of full-thickness skin or skin flap grafting for the treatment of early postburn scarring: a case series.

Postburn scarring often presents a specific reconstructive challenge from both functional and cosmetic perspectives. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether autologous nanofat harvested from the donor site of full skin or a skin flap can be reused for the treatment of early postburn scaring. From July 2018 to April 2022, patients with early postburn scarring underwent scar reconstruction surgery with full-thickness skin or a skin flap for a contour deformity and/or scar contracture, and autologous nanofat grafting was performed during the same operation. The Vancouver Scar Score (VSS) and the itch and pain scores were evaluated at the preoperation time point as well as at 2-3 weeks and 3-months postoperation. A comparison was made among the same patients at different time points. A total of 17 patients, aged from 18 months to 62 years old were included in this analysis. The VSS was reduced from 10.00 ± 2.12 to 7.41 ± 1.277 at the 2-3-week postoperation time point, and to 5.53 ± 1.37 at the 3-month postoperation time point. The pain and itch score were reduced from 4.65 ± 1.37 and 6.35 ± 1.27, to 3.70 ± 1.10 and 4.94 ± 1.30 at the 2-3-week postoperation time point, and to 3.00 ± 1.28 and 3.94 ± 0.97 at the 3-month postoperation time point respectively. The VSS and pain and itch scores showed a statistically significant reduction (P < 0.05) at the 2-3-week and 3-month postoperative follow-ups compared with the preoperation time point. Autologous nanofat grafting from donor sites of full thickness skin or skin flap may be a promising treatment for an early postburn scaring as it promotes scar softening, improves itching and pain within the scar. However, this is a small case series with only 17 patients. Further conclusions need to be drawn through expanded samples for randomized controlled clinical trials. Hypertrophic scarring is the most common complication after partial thickness burn injury, and the complex pathogenesis and prolonged dynamic process render treatments only marginally effective. In the past few decades, with the technological advances of liposuction and fat grafting, nanofat grafting has been used in a variety of surgical fields, including wound healing, scleroderma, facial rejuvenation, and neuralgia. However, the role of nanofat grafting is not well documented in the prevention and treatment of early postburn scarring. Full-thickness skin grafting or skin flap transplantation is the most common method for the reconstruction of a hypertrophic scaring until now. In the current study, we harvested subcutaneous fat during the preparation of the full-thickness skin or skin flap, prepared nanofat and injected it in the scar located at a nonsurgical site. Comparison of the pre- and postoperation scores for scar color, scar thickness, scar stiffness, and scar regularity showed that the postoperation scores were decreased significantly and that there was a significant improvement in scar pigmentation and thickness as well astheaesthetic outcome after treatment. Most importantly, reductions in the scores for pain and itching could be assessed objectively. It seems that the nanofat grafting is a potential method for prevention and treatment for early postburn scaring.

Investigating Mood System and Structure on Written Text of Mark Gospel on New Testament of Kupang Malay: A Systemic Functional Linguistic Perspective

Investigating Mood System and Structure on Written Text of Mark Gospel on New Testament of Kupang Malay: A Systemic Functional Linguistic Perspective

Deterministic processes drive turnover-dominated beta diversity of breeding birds along the central Himalayan elevation gradient

Beta diversity, the variation of community composition among sites, bridges alpha and gamma diversity and can reveal the mechanisms of community assembly through applying distance-decay models and/or partitioning beta diversity into turnover and nestedness components from functional and phylogenetic perspectives. Mountains as the most natural experiment system provide good opportunities for exploring beta diversity patterns and the underlying ecological processes. Here, we simultaneously consider distance-decay models and multiple dimensions of beta diversity to examine spatial variations of bird communities, and to evaluate the relative importance of niche-based and neutral community assembly mechanisms along a 3600-m elevational gradient in the central Himalayas, China. Our results showed that species turnover dominates taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic beta diversity. We observed strongest evidence of spatial distance decays in taxonomic similarities of birds, followed by its phylogenetic and functional analogues. Turnover component was highest in taxonomic beta diversity, while nestedness component was highest in functional beta diversity. Further, all correlations of assemblage similarity with climatic distance were higher than that with spatial distances. Standardized values of overall taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic beta diversity and their turnover components increase with increasing elevational distance, while the standardized values of taxonomic and phylogenetic nestedness decreased with increasing elevational distance. Our results highlighted the niche-based deterministic processes in shaping elevational bird diversity patterns that were determined by the relative roles of decreasing trend of environmental filtering and increasing trend of limiting similarity along elevation distances.

PANSER, A Fun Game-based Learning Media for Teaching Entomology

The world’s insect population is declining drastically. There is a need for education on the types, roles, bioecology, and management of insects. However, low student learning motivation is a common problem in education. A game-based learning media (PANSER) has been created to provide comprehensive information about insects, including their types, roles, bioecology, and management. This study investigates whether PANSER is helpful for teaching entomology, as assessed through participants’ functional and personal perceptions. The assessment also used pre and post-tests before and after playing the game to measure the learning outcome. The participant provided positive evaluations about both the functional and personal perspectives. Furthermore, the game effectively enhanced student learning, showcasing its value as an educational activity in the classroom.

Существование как компонент семантики и коммуникативной парадигматики бытийных предложений

This paper examines the use of the term existence in describing semantics and communicative variation of constructions expressing spatial relations. In the first part of the paper, the semantic status of existence is examined, arguing that the senses of existence, contrary to current tradition in Russian linguistics, can be considered separately from the sense of spatial relations. In the second part of the paper, existence is shown to be an obligatory implicit component of all utterances describing specific objects, which can manifest itself as existential presupposition or part of the assertion. In the latter cases, existence can be viewed as one of the components of communicative variation of sentence as a linguistic unit, secondary to its primary meaning. In the third part of the paper, this approach to notion of existence is applied to the analysis of the syntactic structures that expresses spatial relations. A list of main communicative variants of this structure is examined to demonstrate that in every variant the existence of its subject can be represented as a given or new piece of information to the addressee. Three main senses in which existence and location are attested in describing these variants are discussed, including a purely semantic approach, an approach based on the position of rheme in functional sentence perspective, and an approach based on formal variants of the structure. All three approaches lead to different way of categorizing communicative variants while using the same terms, making their use for typological application difficult.

Copy raising reconsidered

There is no consensus in the literature regarding the defining characteristics of copy raising (CR), or in other words what determineswhether a CR-like expression is CR or not. As a result, existing analyses target different data sets. In this paper, I propose a different approach to these constructions, which takes a functional perspective. I propose to abandon the term copy raising, which is misleading in a number of ways. Instead, I distinguish between perceptual depiction reports and perceptual inference reports and show that the functions which they fulfill are not particular to CR-like constructions, but are in fact more general. Such an approach, I claim, resolves existing conundrums surrounding CR. The analysis is formalized in the framework of Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar (HPSG) and is inspired by previous accounts of CR in related frameworks such as LFG and SBCG, as well as HPSG analyses. In the spirit of HPSG, the analysis employs type inheritance hierarchies to distinguish between what is shared by the two constructions and what is construction-specific in order to account for alternative realizations of a single lexeme and to ascribe constructional (or extra-lexical) meaning to linguistic elements.

O postrzeganiu prawa jako „przestrzeni możliwości” dla przedsiębiorców

The legal system provides both a framework for the development of economic activity, stating the principles according to which it is carried out, and a certain degree of protection for entrepreneurs. This article suggests an approach at normative regulations pertaining to entrepreneurship whereby they are perceived as a system composed of opportunities for entrepreneurs. The purpose of this study is to present the regulations of the Entrepreneur Law Act as a law comprising “opportunities” that stem from principles informed by a value system and the deriving, legally defined modes of action of the public authorities (economic administration) that shape relations with entrepreneurs. These principles and the resulting relations have been referred to the specific institution within the Entrepreneur Law Act, i.e. scrutiny of economic activity, which establishes legal scope (whose importance cannot be understated given the perspective of the protective function of public economic law) for not so much intervention as protection (respecting) of entrepreneurs’ rights. It was pointed out that measures aimed at protecting entrepreneurs constitute an important element of balancing the position of the inspecting and the inspected in the course of scrutiny, without compromising the efficacy of enforcing law by a public authority.