Competence Perspective Research Articles

Managerial Effectiveness in the Perspective of Competencies Towards Uniformity in Family Business

Purpose: Successful business cooperation requires the managerial effectiveness shaped by capabilities necessary to leverage a firm's resources in the international marketplace. Because firms like other organisations can face unique challenges through building their managerial capabilities, the purpose of this study is to analyse managers' competencies of small-to-medium-sized firms and determine what the primary determinant of shaping managers' effectiveness is? Approach/Methodology/Design: A grounded theory and interviews with 142 Polish managers from private firms to determine their key competencies. Findings: The competencies categories emerged from the research findings. The study showed a dominant area of conceptual and relationship competencies in an entrepreneurial competency framework, which results from openness to the environment. Besides, this study confirmed other researchers' arguments that managerial competencies are thought to be multidimensional constructs. Practical Implications: The article brings several valuable information that can be the base material and reference to further research and practice. Originality/Value: The study combines research on business in Western countries with companies' activity from Central Europe. It fits into the research stream of competencies as drivers of managerial effectiveness, entrepreneurship, and an entrepreneurial competency framework.

The Influence of the European Tobacco Products Directive on Socio-Economic Situation: Analysis on the Perspective of Competencies Towards Uniformity in Family Business

Purpose: In terms of the sown area, the largest tobacco plantations in the EU are in Italy, Greece, and Poland. Faced with the issues of globalization and responding to the development of the Internet, the European Parliament initiated works on a directive on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the member states concerning the manufacture, presentation, and sale of tobacco and related product. After the intended purposes of the Directive were announced Poland raised its objections, because – as predicted – the introduction of new rules would bring a change to the economic situation of the rural areas where tobacco was grown. Against this background, the present article pursues to objectives: 1) to identify the main spheres of social and economic life that have potentially been affected by the Directive, and 2) to assess the impact that the Directive has had on these areas five years after it came into force. Design/Methodology/Approach: The research was conducted using the document analysis and the comparative analysis methods. The Polish market was used as an example and compared to those in other European countries. Findings: The Tobacco Products Directive was found to potentially affect 4 spheres: human health, level of budget revenues, production and sale of tobacco products, and agriculture and tobacco growing. However, our analyses did not confirm the claim that any area has been negatively affected; on the contrary, improvements have been observed, for example in terms of the income of tobacco growers or the volume of cigarette production. Originality/value: Apparently, this is the first paper involving a wide assessment of the effects of the Tobacco Products Directive.

Considerations on the need to re-configure the teaching process from the key-competence perspective

The article outlines certain characteristics of pedagogy in the post-modern period; highlights the paradigm of the curriculum, which has established itself in the context of post-modern pedagogy as a model of raising the efficiency of the learning process; promotes a holistic, trans-disciplinary and functional-pragmatic approach towards learning; and argues in favor of reconfiguring the current learning process from the perspective of key competencies.

RETRACTED: Research on the practice of modern apprenticeship training from the perspective of competency

Whether the apprentice is competent for the job and produces performance for the organization is the key index to test the quality of apprenticeship education. Based on competency theory, this paper investigates the influence of competency dimensions and work meaning on performance. Through the competency questionnaire analysis of 224 shop managers in apprentice project enterprises, it is found that: the part of the competency dimension of personality traits, motivation and values hidden in the iceberg model has a significant impact on performance through work meaning; the relationship between work values and work meaning of apprentices is stronger, and that the relationship between work motivation and work meaning of non-apprentices is stronger. Therefore, we should pay more attention to the cultivation of multiple values of apprenticeship, especially the significance of moral education. The results provide reference for upgrading the quality of talent training in Colleges, reconstructing talent training objectives and the practice of human resource management in enterprises.

Research on the countermeasures of cultivating the competence of born after 2000 college student cadres

Abstract With the passage of time, the ‘born after 2000’ student group has stepped into the university campus and gradually become the main force of the college student cadre team. It has brought many new challenges while playing a huge role. The ‘born after 2000’ student group has distinctive group characteristics under the brand of the times, such as strong self-consciousness, rich material conditions and diverse network behaviour. The management of the college student cadre team needs to make new changes based on the characteristics of the ‘born after 2000’ student group. Therefore, from the perspective of competence, this paper combines the characteristics of the ‘born after 2000’ student group with the competence training and carries out countermeasures research on the competence cultivation of ‘born after 2000’ college student cadres from the four aspects of selection and appointment, education and training, supervision and assessment, reward and incentive, to solve the practical problems in the cultivation of college student cadres under the new situation, and provides some reference for the future-related theoretical research and educational practice.

La formula di saluto «salve» nell’insegnamento della lingua italiana come lingua straniera (livello di competenza A1)

The greeting formula “salve” in teaching Italian as a foreign language at reference level A1 The aim of this this paper is to examine the greeting formula “salve” in the context of teaching Italian as a foreign language at A1 level of competence. First, the topic is investigated from the perspective of pragmatics and communicative competence. Then we analyse a range of teaching materials to see how “salve” is realized on a more practical level and to check how the authors of the coursebooks understand its function.

A look at modern education and scientometrics through the prism of information economy and science development

In the conditions of informatization of society and the information economy, there is a need for objective quantitative and qualitative assessment of research activities of scientists and organizations, including in the sphere of education involving scientific discipline of scientometrics. The article substantiates the feasibility of conducting scientometric research, shows the methodology for evaluating its effectiveness and realization of scientific potential in the context of an increase in information flows, development of science and modern education, as well as presents existing methods of scientometric research and scientometric indicators used in the world practice in the perspective of information competence and informatization of education.

XÂY DỰNG CẤU TRÚC VÀ THANG ĐO NĂNG LỰC HỢP TÁC GIẢI QUYẾT VẤN ĐỀ CHO SINH VIÊN KĨ THUẬT

Collaborative problem solving (CPS) is an indispensable competency of workers as well as engineers in the 21st century. Therefore, it is very necessary to develop for students. Frameworks and scale are 2 importance factors when researches are conducted on developing of competency as well as CPS competency. There are some researchers have interested in on these issues. In the results, the CPS frameworks were divided into at least 2 components: Collaborative and Problem solving. However, with the perspective of CPS competency is not a compound competency, the structure divided into 2 parts is not really suitable, so it is necessary to develop this competency frameworks more appropriately. This article mainly focuses on research results of CPS framework, scales and criteria to evaluate CPS competency of technical students. Research results will be foundations for developing tools to measure the development of the CPS competency.

Difference in Resident Versus Attending Perspective of Competency and Autonomy During Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repairs.

Background:A noted deficiency in orthopaedic resident education is a lack of intraoperative autonomy; however, no studies exist evaluating this issue. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is a difference between resident and attending perception of resident competency and autonomy during arthroscopic rotator cuff repairs and whether increased perceived competency leads to more autonomy.Methods:This study included 21 orthopaedic residents and 7 attendings from a single residency program. A survey was developed that included the previously validated Ottawa Surgical Competency Operating Room Evaluation (O-SCORE) and implemented novel arthroscopic rotator cuff repair questions concerning 5 key procedural steps determined by attendings. The survey assessed resident and attending perception of percent opportunity given and percent completed of each step and whether the resident could complete the surgery independently. Paired comparisons were conducted using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Agreement between residents and attendings was calculated using a linear-weighted Gwet's AC2. A secondary analysis investigated resident perception of autonomy stratified by attending perception of competency using Kruskal-Wallis tests.Results:One hundred forty-two surveys were completed over one academic year. Residents reported a 4-point higher median O-SCORE (34) than attendings (30; p < 0.01; agreement = 0.63). Residents perceived less opportunity compared with attendings, with a median opportunity to complete each step of 54% vs. 70% (p < 0.01; agreement = 0.39). Residents also perceived lower percent completed of the key steps compared with attendings, with medians of 52% vs. 61% (p < 0.01; agreement = 0.37). Resident perceived opportunity increased with higher attending reported O-SCOREs (p < 0.01) and percent completion of the key steps (p < 0.01). No statistically significant increase in perceived opportunity was observed the with post-graduate year (PGY) level (p = 0.35).Discussion:This study demonstrated a significant difference in perception between residents and attendings regarding resident competency and autonomy during arthroscopic rotator cuff repairs. It also demonstrated that with increasing attending perception of competency, there was an increasing resident perception of autonomy, but there was no statistically significant difference of perceived autonomy based on the PGY-level.

One Step Closer to Understanding Motivation in Scientific Education: The Incorporation of Science Textbooks as a Predictor, Together with Motivational Climate and Basic Psychological Needs

Students’ increasing lack of interest in science has led to a disturbing situation that compels us to continue researching educational motivation, in this line, and within the framework provided by self-determination and achievement goal theories. The great importance of this variable can be attributed to its relevance in classes and its competence-related nature, which in principle makes it a motivating resource, as is the case with science textbooks. In particular, this study provides an in-depth understanding of motivation using various motivational predictors, while incorporating the motivational competence relevance of science books. One thousand students between the ages of 10 and 14 years participated. The research instrument used was a questionnaire consisting of 4 scales that measured the motivational competence relevance of science books, the task-oriented motivational climate, the basic psychological need for competence and the intrinsic motivation. Data were analyzed using correlation analysis and a structural equations model. The results showed that, among other aspects, motivation is influenced by competence, while competence is influenced by the task climate and the motivational competence relevance of science books. These findings suggest that in order to increase students’ intrinsic motivation, teachers must create a task-oriented climate, emphasize the value that student should attribute to science books from a motivational competence perspective, and satisfy the need for competence.

Maternity care through the eyes of Southern European immigrant parents in Norway

ObjectiveTo explore Southern European immigrant mothers and fathers’ experiences of reproductive health services in Norway, and their perceptions of health providers’ beliefs and attitudes regarding pregnancy and childbirth. MethodWe employed a qualitative research methodology with two focus group discussions and 11 in-depth interviews with 4 fathers and 11 mothers from Italy, Spain, Portugal, and Greece, whose children were born in Norway. Thematic Analysis was conducted to identify and analyze patterns across the data. ResultsWe identified three themes as key elements in parents’ experiences: experiences with the coverage and organization of the Reproductive Health Services; relational experiences with health providers; and pregnancy and delivery as a culturally-shaped event. The immigrant parents experienced a clash between their expectations and the procedures and health facility environment encountered in Norway regarding check-ups, diagnosis tests, childbirth preparation courses, and health facilities. Informants perceived that the maternity care practices of the host country were underpinned by the health care providers’ cultural understandings of labor and pregnancy. Particularly, they experienced a less interventionist approach towards pregnancy and childbirth. ConclusionsThe experiences of immigrant parents provide relevant information to improve reproductive health services in a cross-cultural context. Inmigration brings new challenges that must be addressed from a perspective of cultural competence. These services should acknowledge diversity in cultural beliefs around childrearing and involve both fathers and mothers in decision-making.

Measuring the dimensions of quality in service innovation: A dynamic capability and organisational competency perspective

Nowadays, to attract and retain customers and to maintain their competitiveness, service organisations need to offer high-quality new services and improve their innovation abilities. By integration of Dynamic Service Innovation Capabilities (DSICs) and Organizational Service Innovation Competencies (OSICs) as the critical service innovation quality factors, this study proposes a framework based on maturity model concept to measure service innovation performance and to continuously improve service innovation quality. The framework suggests four types of firms’ performance in service innovation: incapable, struggling, truncated, and exhaustive. The Incapable is defined as firms that are low in both DSICs and OSICs, they lack of required service innovation processes, so they are not able to improve innovation performance. The Struggling (high DSICs and low OSICs) firms have established appropriate processes for service innovation but they struggle to offer innovations. The service firms in Truncated mode (low DSICs and high OSICs) are characterised by implementing service innovation processes partially, but they are good at service innovation competencies. The last type, the Exhaustive (high DSICs and high OSICs) are service inventors with superior innovation processes in line with perfect service innovation competencies, these service firms are those which can innovate new service repeatedly and successfully.

The Nature Of Firm’s Internal Environment Capabilities And Competencies Dynamics Evaluation: Feasible Strategy Crafting Imperatives

The study strategically evaluated the nature of firm’s internal environment capabilities and competencies dynamics that will ensure feasible strategy crafting. The understanding and analysis of the challenges posed in the internal environment helps strategists to make strategic decisions relating to the resources, capabilities and core competencies since they are non routine. In order to facilitate the development and effective usage of core competencies, managers/strategists are advised to have courage, self-confidence, integrity, the capacity to deal with uncertainty and complexity, and a willingness to hold people accountable for their work, as well as their being accountable themselves. This should be necessitated because the competitive advantage and firm’s performance are often strongly related to the resources firms hold and how they are managed. This is found to be so, since human beings are strategic critical resource that produces innovation, develops policies and strategies, and firm’s competitive advantage enhancement. The study further explored some related perspectives of valuable capabilities, personnel and organizational competencies, resources tangibility and intangibility, as well as competitive advantage sustainability criteria that will guide feasible strategy crafting. The study recommends amongst others, that organization managers should as a matter of necessity, monitor and evaluate the internal environment capabilities and competencies in order to have fit with that of external resources dynamics to enhance feasible strategy crafting.

Cultural Competence Perspectives From Nurses in Four Asian Countries: A Qualitative Descriptive Study

Objective: This study aimed to describe the perception of cultural competence (CC) among nurses of four Asian countries. Material and Methods: A descriptive qualitative study was carried out, including fourteen nurses for in-depth interviews and 63 nurses for 8 focus group discussions being purposively selected from four Asian countries. Data were analyzed based on content analysis. Results: The participants defined CC as similar to cultural care, and described their CC in four main themes: (1) caring focus for patients with different cultures, (2) valuing holistic care/ patient-centered nursing, (3) preparing for living with God or Buddha, and (4) considering the social norms and patient rights. Assessment of the patient’s cultural background and myths contrary to medicine, along with having professional nursing knowledge, skills, and experience were the components of CC. Conclusion: The participants have addressed their CC in providing culturally, congruent care with a universal, holistic, and empathetic approach. Nurses should be trained to develop skills in multicultural care and language and made aware of their patients’ cultural beliefs. Further, CC scales for nurses working in the selected, four Asian countries should be developed.

Entrepreneurial thinking: A signature pedagogy for an uncertain 21st century

This paper outlines a pedagogical approach for entrepreneurship education, with a specific focus on students who do not necessarily identify as entrepreneurial. We advance seven essential and teachable entrepreneurial thinking skills (ET-7) to form future leaders: (1) problem solving, (2) tolerance for ambiguity, (3) failing forward, (4) empathy, (5) creativity with limited resources, (6) responding to critical feedback, and (7) teamwork approach. ET-7 offers an integrative framework that unites previously distinct perspectives of entrepreneurial competencies, and outlines how to teach and develop these skills in a 12-week mandatory entrepreneurship course through an innovative pedagogical approach. This approach to entrepreneurial education was built on the concept of a signature pedagogy (Shulman, 2005) and encompasses three components (i.e., the flipped classroom, learning through failure, and access to open educational resources). This pedagogical approach to entrepreneurial education supports entrepreneurial learning through experiential activities that simulate the environment entrepreneurs face. Thus, this paper contributes to the literature by outlining the entrepreneurial thinking skillset (ET-7) required to be successful in today's modern careers, along with considering the methods, tools, and pedagogy that is most likely to support ET-7 skill development.

Systematizing Internationalization Policy of Higher Education in State Islamic Universities

The phenomenon of globalization affects all sectors including higher education in Indonesia. This research aimed to determine strategic planning, research activities, and curriculum of internationalization policy. The research used qualitative approach in State Islamic University of Yogyakarta and State Islamic University of Malang. The results showed that strategic planning of internationalization is coordinated in all levels. The international curriculum is through foreign language and multicultural skills. The development of international scientific journal cited internationally and the development of lecturers for scientific publications cited internationally cited. State islamic universities performed internationalization with competency perspective.

Quantitative Modelling and Perspective Taking: Two Competencies of Decision Making for Sustainable Development

Land use change, natural resource use and climate change are challenging Sustainable Development issues (SDGs 13–15). Fostering the competencies to deal with such issues is one core task for current educational endeavors. Among these competencies, decision-making competencies are central. In detail, we investigate how learners evaluate alternative decision-making options to improve existing competence models. We exemplify our competence modelling approach using the designation of a Marine Protected Area. The cross-sectional sample consists of secondary school students and student teachers (N = 760). Partial Credit modelling shows that quantitative modelling of decision-making options is a different competence dimension than perspective taking if contextualized for Sustainable Development. In quantitative modelling, mathematical modelling is used to evaluate and reflect on decision-making options. Perspective taking covers the ability to consider different normative perspectives on Sustainable Development issues. Both dimensions show plausible (latent) correlations with related constructs within the nomological net, i.e., with qualitative arguing, economic literacy, mathematical competencies, reading competencies and analytical problem solving. Furthermore, person-abilities increase with level of education for both dimensions. The identified competence dimensions quantitative modelling and perspective taking were successfully modelled and shown to be distinct; the resulting measuring instrument is reliable and valid.

A South African perspective on community psychology practice competencies.

The appropriateness of the paradigm underlying competency frameworks and their specific application in the list of definitions developed by a Task Group of Society for Community Research and Action (SCRA) for US community psychologists need further consideration. This paper considers the technicist and behavioural roots of some of these concepts, illustrating tensions when applying them to community psychology. It then proposes a competency perspective from the global South. Drawing from focus group discussions with, and written reflections from, postgraduate Master's students in training as clinical and counselling psychologists, this paper builds inductively from the recorded data. Following a template analysis of the material, four integrating themes were evident. The distinctive nature of community psychology is highlighted through the themes: relational foundations, activity evolution, self-management and the awareness and influences of processes. Proposals for an alternative framework ("RASP") are based on its emergence from the applications of learning to practice, emphasising community-based principles. The importance of reflection as the basis for the learning is highlighted. The imperatives to foreground social justice and to enable reflexive thinking on action are discussed, along with concepts based on Humanist and Social Constructivist paradigms, to lead to more interactive and inclusive processes in work on competencies.

Construcción de identidad profesional docente durante la formación inicial como maestros

La educación precisa profesionales cualificados para adaptarse a los retos del momento. Pero también necesita personas comprometidas y motivadas, que encuentren sentido y realización en lo que hacen. A nivel internacional preocupa la desmotivación y abandono de muchos estudiantes y docentes noveles. Los objetivos pretenden ampliar la comprensión del proceso de construcción de la identidad docente en sus inicios. Se ha realizado una investigación cualitativa con dos fases: a) el análisis temático de los relatos sobre identidad profesional de futuros maestros en formación inicial con experiencias formativas/orientadoras diferentes; y b) un estudio de caso durante el desarrollo de un programa de orientación vocacional con portafolio profesional. En los resultados destaca el grupo participante en un programa de orientación con portafolio profesional. Quienes han trabajado con el portafolio de orientación son conscientes del proceso de fortalecimiento de su identidad profesional. Analizan las asignaturas desde una perspectiva competencial y asumen retos dirigidos a satisfacer sus proyectos vitales. Definen más referentes para su identidad profesional y valoran las experiencias de aprendizaje en la facultad. El resto de estudiantes sitúan el desarrollo de la identidad profesional en tiempo futuro y no integran el aprendizaje con el perfil personal y profesional. No obstante, de todos ellos, los que han participado en procesos formativos de carácter competencial/reflexivo muestran rasgos de identidad profesional emergentes y describen más referencias para su desarrollo. Las conclusiones apuntan a la necesidad de que los estudiantes asuman un rol activo de autoría respecto a su identidad profesional desde su entrada en la facultad. El acompañamiento es la clave, facilitado por instrumentos pedagógicos como el ePortafolio o similares.

Teaching Research on Improving Preschool Education Students' P.E. Implementation Ability from the Perspective of Core Competencies

The lack of total physical activity of children and the decline of social adaptability are the main educational and social problems that most countries have faced since the 21st century. Children's sport is an important part of children's health education. With the ‘hot’ and ‘needs’ of children's sports in recent years, as a college for cultivating the source of kindergarten teachers, it is better to cultivate more excellent teachers who are suitable for kindergartens. Then the college can make better service to the society and improve the health level of young children.