Supply Perspective Research Articles

Alleviate light pollution by recognizing urban night-time light control area based on computer vision techniques and remote sensing imagery

Light pollution caused by unreasonable and excessive use of outdoor artificial light at night (ALAN) has become one of the fastest growing and most urgent global environmental problems. Therefore, the International Dark-Sky Association advocated the more controlled use of ALAN in urban area to protect night-time environment and enable sustainable development. However, relevant research and lighting planning are still in the enlightenment stage. This study focused on a typical city experiencing significant ALAN growth, combining night-time remote sensing imagery, urban big data and other muti-source heterogeneous data to systematically research urban night-time light status. We first analyzed the spatio-temporal evolution pattern of ALAN. Subsequently, advanced computer vision algorithms were proposed to recognize the night-time light control area (NLCA) based on the perspective of supply and demand balance. Results suggest both the ALAN intensity and area have grown rapidly over the past decade in the study area, with the intensity increasing by 82 % and the area expanding by 42 %. And a 108.5-square-kilometre area of the NLCA was intelligently delineated, for where the ALAN intensity was more than the demand of population, indicating that the management of the night-time light environment an urgent matter. Therefore, this study proposed practical management solutions according to the different functional zones in city within the NLCA, for further promoting the green transformation and smart upgrading of urban outdoor lighting. To sum up, our research offers a novel approach to resolving the issue of urban light pollution by recognizing the NLCA, as well as facilitating energy conservation and emission reduction.

Assessing the spatial equity of the aged care institutions based on the improved potential model: a case study in Shanghai, China.

With the spread of an aging society, the demand for aged care institutions among older adults is increasing. The inadequate supply and distribution of aged care institutions have led to an increasing concern about spatial equity in aged care institutions. Most studies have utilized accessibility to assess spatial equity from the supply perspective, while the demand perspective has received little attention. In addition, few studies have evaluated the spatial equity of aged care institutions at grid resolution. Therefore, this study takes Shanghai as an example to analyze aged care institutions from both the supply and demand perspectives. By proposing an improved potential model, at a network resolution of 500 × 500, the spatial equity of aged care institutions is more refined. The results show that aged care institutions and the older population in Shanghai are predominantly concentrated in the downtown area and surrounding regions. However, the results obtained from the Lorenz curve and Gini coefficient indicate the allocation of pension beds based on population size is proportional across different districts of Shanghai. When considering the quality indicators of aged care institutions and introducing the improved potential energy model to calculate spatial accessibility, an imbalance between regions in Shanghai still exists and needs further optimization.

Significant Differences in Coral Trophic Status Between Nearshore and Offshore Reefs Recorded by δ15N of Coral Symbiotic Zooxanthellae and Host Tissue in the South China Sea in the SCS

AbstractSignificant differences in environmental conditions between nearshore and offshore coral reefs lead to different symbiotic zooxanthellae density (ZD) of corals. From the perspective of energy supply, different ZD lead to different energy provided by the photosynthesis of zooxanthellae to the coral host. However, few studies have conducted a comparative analysis of coral trophic status (i.e., autotrophic photosynthesis of zooxanthellae and heterotrophic feeding of the host) between nearshore and offshore reefs. In this study, 70 coral samples of Favia palauensis were collected from the nearshore Sanya reefs, and offshore Xisha, Nansha reefs in the South China Sea (SCS). The ZD, δ15N of seawater particulate organic matter (δ15NPOM), host tissue (δ15Nh), zooxanthellae (δ15Nz) and the difference between δ15Nh and δ15Nz (i.e., △h−z 15N = δ15Nh−δ15Nz) were measured and statistically analyzed. The purpose is to elucidate the differences in the energy maintenance mechanisms of corals between nearshore and offshore reefs. Results show that ZD is significantly positively correlated with δ15Nz in all three reefs (p < 0.05). Corals in nearshore Sanya have higher autotrophic abilities than corals from offshore Xisha and Nansha reefs. By contrast, corals in offshore reefs are more dependent on heterotrophic feeding of the host to obtain energy. Our research demonstrate that corals can adjust their trophic status, especially improve their heterotrophic feeding intensity to meet energy needs under different environmental conditions. This dynamic adjustment of energy supply patterns is of great significance to improve coral's environmental adaptability.

Identification of Urban Ecological Security Pattern Based on Ecosystem Services Supply–Demand

The construction of ecological security pattern (ESP) is an effective way to ensure regional ecological security. Although the method of constructing the regional ESP based on ecosystem services (ESs) has been widely recognized and applied, the spatial characteristics of ESs supply–demand mismatch has not been well included into ESP construction. We constructed a regional ESP framework connecting demand sources and ecological sources from the perspective of ESs supply–demand mismatch. Taking the Wuhan urban agglomeration (WUA), findings indicated distinct spatial aggregations of ecological sources and demand sources due to the supply–demand mismatch of ESs. Ecological sources (12,406.29 km 2 or 21.42%) were primarily located in the south and north of WUA, while demand sources (1,191.26 km 2 or 2.07%) were concentrated mainly in the central. Two types of corridors jointly ensured regional ecological security. A total of 86 supply–supply corridors in the north ensured the supply ability of ESs by connecting ecological sources, while 35 supply–demand corridors in the south alleviated the supply–demand mismatch of ESs. The targeted implementation of ecological governance based on the corridor types provides a new approach to coordinate the mismatch of ESs supply–demand and enhance ecological security. However, 63.38 km 2 of pinch points, recognized as high-flow areas within the corridors, primarily comprised fragmented landscapes, and barriers covering 99.67 km 2 obstructed corridor flow, notably surrounding the demand sources. These regions should be prioritized for ecological conservation. Overall, this research framework provides a reliable scientific basis for configuring spatial landscape patterns and developing ecological strategies in urban agglomerations.

知识供需匹配视角下北京高校服务首都科技创新发展的框架与思路探索

知识供需匹配视角下北京高校服务首都科技创新发展的框架与思路探索

Digital inclusive finance and green transformation of manufacturing enterprises: Empirical analysis based on the dual perspectives of demand and supply

This study aimed to examine the relationship between digital inclusive finance (DIF) and the green transformation of manufacturing enterprises using data from A-share listed manufacturing companies in China from 2011 to 2020. This study employs a super-efficient SBM model to measure enterprises' green total factor productivity (GTFP) as a proxy variable for their green transformation. It explores the mechanisms through which DIF influences this transformation. Additionally, this study examines the effect of informal environmental regulation based on residents' environmental awareness. The results show that (1) the development of DIF has a significant improvement effect on enterprises' GTFP; (2) alleviating financing constraints on the supply side and promoting residents' consumption on the demand side are identified as important mechanisms through which DIF improves enterprises' GTFP; (3) increased residents' environmental awareness can strengthen the positive effect of DIF on the GTFP of enterprises; and (4) the promotion effect of DIF on the GTFP of enterprises is more significant in non-state-owned enterprises and eastern regions. These conclusions provide valuable policy insights to advance the development of DIF and facilitate the green transformation of the manufacturing industry.

Wastewater treatment with microalgal-bacterial aggregates: The tradeoff between energy savings and footprint requirements

Microalgal-bacterial aggregates (MBAs) have recently attracted significant attention as a potential replacement for conventional, suspended-growth wastewater treatment processes. This article evaluates MBAs for full-scale implementation from the perspective of oxygen supply, land use, and energy savings. The results suggest that under ideal conditions, photosynthesis and atmospheric diffusion would provide at most only 2.7% of the oxygen demand in a conventionally designed, nitrifying activated sludge process, which is equivalent to approximately 1.5% of typical treatment plant-wide energy requirements. The results also suggest that a wastewater treatment process using MBAs and relying on solar photosynthesis and atmospheric diffusion for oxygen would have nearly the same footprint as an equivalent well-mixed wastewater treatment pond. While photosynthesis and passive atmospheric diffusion are capable of providing significant oxygen for suspended-growth wastewater treatment processes, the tradeoffs between footprint requirements and energy savings should be carefully considered.

Can green certificates substitute for renewable electricity subsidies? A Chinese experience

While Feed-in-Tariffs (FIT) promote the growth of renewable electricity, they also impose heavy financial burdens on the government, thus leading to a shift from FIT to the Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS) mechanism with Tradable Green certificates (TGC). Examining the pricing of green certificates from the perspective of supply and demand is the key to understanding their price changes and the basis for analyzing whether they can substitute for subsidies. However, there are few studies on the pricing mechanism of green certificates. To understand the efficiency of green certificate substitution for government subsidies, we study the green certificates market in China as an example. Firstly, we examine the factors affecting the supply of and demand for green certificates under the co-existence of FIT and RPS and study the pricing mechanism of the green certificates. Then we establish the price model to forecast the price of green certificates in China. Finally, we calculate the substitution efficiency of green certificates for subsidies in China from 2023 to 2025. The results show that in 2025, the price of China's green certificates will not exceed 246.8 CNY per certificate, and the substitution efficiency of green certificates for subsidies will be 41.8 %.

Reinforcing sustainable consumption practices through promoting gastronomic tourism: a cross-sectional study from India and Bangladesh

PurposeFood not only satisfies the need and nourishes positive experiences but also enhances involvement with the cultural, social and environmental attributes of a destination. As urban tourism is embracing sustainable consumption practices (SCP), this study aims to explore tourist’s responsible behaviour by embracing traditional gastronomic delicacies. More specifically, it pinpoints the driving forces behind why people choose traditional gastronomic delights.Design/methodology/approachThe study adopted the triangulation method involving the grounded theory approach (GTA) attained through a series of focus group discussions followed by the survey method taking an emerging economy’s perspective (India and Bangladesh). This study accords equal importance to both the demand and supply perspectives of gastronomic tourism and its stakeholders.FindingsCritical dimensions such as travel motivation, tourist expectations, socio-economic perspectives, mindful consumption, sustainable marketing efforts and community awareness were identified as major influencers towards traditional gastronomic delicacies.Practical implicationsThe present study bears significance to the urban developers, policymakers, marketers, regional tourism bodies and tour operators in promoting urban gastronomic cultures through marketing traditional delicacies for sustainable development of the evolving gastronomic industry in India and Bangladesh.Originality/valueThis study makes a novel attempt in exploring critical dimensions in an evolving gastronomic industry by blending an innovative qualitative research methodology like GTA supported by the empirical validation process (quantitative). It proposes a theoretical framework for further advancement of gastronomic and urban tourism towards a SCP.

The Interaction between the Legal Aid System and Legal Clinic Education in Chinese Universities based on the Perspective of Legal Knowledge Supply

The legal aid system in Chinese universities is an important supplement to the legal aid system in China, and another important layer of significance of legal aid in universities is that it is an important position for practical legal education, as opposed to the legal clinic courses introduced by foreign countries. The legal aid system in Chinese colleges and universities has limitations in its functioning due to its positioning, and the legal clinic course is not suitable for the existing curriculum system. Under the framework of legal practice education, the legal aid system in colleges and universities and legal clinic education are homologous and isomorphic, which makes it possible for the two to be closely integrated in the knowledge supply level of legal practice education. How the university legal aid system and legal clinic education should promote each other requires, on the one hand, the expansion of the scope of university legal aid and, on the other hand, the development of diversified funding channels.

HOUSING TYPES, POPULATION ATTRIBUTES AND THE DEVELOPMENT PATH OF HOUSING IN LARGE CITIES – A CASE STUDY OF ZHENGZHOU, CHINA

Large-city housing costs are commonly attributed to excessive investment or financialization of the property market. The primary cause of housing issues is the imbalance between housing supply and demand. In the context of the urban housing market, the dynamic matching of housing supply and population type plays a crucial role in promoting equilibrium, maximizing the effectiveness of the market’s long-term mechanism, and preserving the coordination and stability of the market. To illustrate this point, the paper analyzes the impact of different attributes of population on housing demand from the perspective of dynamic matching between population attributes and housing types. Taking Zhengzhou City in Henan Province as an example, we consider the relationship between population attributes and housing types in the past, construct a theoretical model of population and housing type and anticipate the future supply scale of various housing kinds. Ultimately, our findings provide a theoretical justification for curbing excessive financialization and housing bubbles in large cities. Furthermore, we propose a practical method for urban housing to return to the essence of life from the perspective of matching housing supply and demand.

The Impact Path of the Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill on Fisheries A Case of the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill

Oil spills not only affect the Marine ecosystem, but also affect the economic benefits of human beings. Therefore, this paper studies the impact of the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill (DWH) events on fisheries from the perspectives of demand and supply, which is helpful to understand the harm of oil spills, improve public awareness of environmental protection, and formulate effective prevention and control measures. On the supply side, oil spills have reduced fish numbers, polluted seawater, and reduced biodiversity. To clean up the spill, the government changed the water quality, which may have further killed some Marine life. On the demand side, consumers are concerned about fish pollution, which will have an impact on the health of consumers. Consumer demand is reduced, which in turn leads to a reduction in the income of local fishermen, and the demand of local fishermen is also reduced. Finally, this paper proposes to strengthen the management of the U.S. oil exploration access system, protect marine life, and install more guardrails.

Impact of Climate Extremes on Green Energy Security and Economy A Case Study of 2022 China Heat Wave

These days, climate change has intensely influenced energy security. Energy is necessary in humans daily live. Low energy security causes huge health and financial risk for people, also economic pressure on the government. This paper analyses a case study of heat wave in Sichuan, China. This paper finds that traditional methods including putting quota on industrial usage of electricity and continuing using fossil fuels have severe limitations. There are many other energy systems dependent on water. Correspondingly, this study explores some possible effective solutions, not only from the perspective of government policy, but also from the perspective of energy supply, which will provide practical ideas for solving energy problems. First, governments can ameliorate the supply structure of new energy. This ensures that there are alternative ways on power generation under extreme weather conditions. Furthermore, governments can use different tools including tax incentives and subsidies to encourage more investors participating in energy projects and motivate scientists developing new technology on sources and storage.

Analysis of temporal and spatial evolution characteristics and influencing factors of land use transformation in Hebei Province from the perspective of supply and demand

This study focuses on the counties and districts of Hebei Province as the research unit. It adopts a supply-demand perspective to analyze the spatial-temporal evolution characteristics of farmland utilization transformation in the province, investigate the coordination of this transformation, and explore the influencing factors. The weight of indicators is calculated using the entropy weighting method and Analytic Hierarchy Process The comprehensive evaluation model is then applied to calculate the supply-demand transformation index of farmland utilization in Hebei Province for the years 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020. Furthermore, the spatial-temporal evolution characteristics are analyzed using the kernel density estimation method. The coupling coordination degree model is selected to explain the relationship between the supply-demand transformation of farmland utilization. Finally, the influencing factors are analyzed using the geographical detector model. The research findings are as follows: 1) The supply-demand transformation index of farmland utilization in Hebei Province has shown an increasing trend during the study period. The standard deviation of the supply transformation index has increased over time, while the demand transformation index has increased at a faster rate. High-density supply transformation is concentrated in the southeast, particularly in the eastern part of Shijiazhuang. Conversely, the northwest exhibits a low-density supply transformation. High-density demand transformation is observed in urban areas across the province, with a significant expansion from 2010 to 2015. 2) There is a strong correlation between the supply and demand transformation of farmland utilization. The coupling coordination degree has gradually improved from 2005 to 2015, transitioning from rapid to stable growth. The level of coupling coordination has shifted from imbalance to coordination. The mountainous areas in the northwest of Hebei Province exhibit relatively lower coupling coordination degrees, while the plains in the southeast demonstrate higher levels. 3) The supply transformation of farmland utilization is closely correlated with the natural environment, particularly elevation and topography. On the other hand, the demand transformation is closely associated with socio-economic development, with a scarcity of supply driving an increase in the demand transformation index. Industrial developed areas show a higher intensity of demand for farmland utilization. 4) To ensure the sustainable utilization of farmland while meeting food production needs, it is crucial to enhance contiguous farmland and mechanization levels, promote the integration of agriculture and tourism, establish an ecological barrier around Beijing-Tianjin, and optimize the ecological compensation mechanism for farmland. The above findings provide valuable insights into farmland utilization transformation and suggest important strategies for its sustainable development.

The Effect of Agricultural Extension Service Need-Supply Fit on Biological Pesticides Adoption Behavior: Evidence from Chinese Rice Farmers

Agricultural extension services play an important role in promoting pesticide reduction and green production, although the mismatch between farmers’ needs and service supply in rural China seriously affects the application and promotion of biological pesticides, which has been generally ignored by existing studies. Taking 1160 rice farmers in Hubei Province, China, as an example, this study constructs a need-supply fit model of agricultural extension services from the perspectives of need and supply. We further use the logit model and propensity score matching method (PSM) to estimate the effect of service need-supply fit on farmers’ biological pesticide adoption behavior. The specific results are as follows: First, the level of need-supply fit for agricultural extension services was low for the overall sample. This indicates that the agricultural extension service supply is not consistent with the actual needs of farmers. Second, the agricultural extension service need-supply fit significantly and positively affects farmers’ biological pesticide adoption behavior. Third, there are significant differences in farmers’ biological pesticide adoption behaviors under different need-supply fit. When the level of service need-supply fit exceeds the 0.2 threshold, the positive effect of service need-supply fit on farmers’ biological pesticide adoption behavior gradually increases. Fourth, the agricultural extension service need-supply fit indirectly increases farmers’ motivation to adopt biological pesticides by regularizing biological pesticide use behavior and alleviating path dependency. Therefore, the main body of agricultural extension services should optimize the adjustment of the supply mode of agricultural extension services to fully grasp the reality of farmers’ need for biological pesticides in order to promote the application of biological pesticides.

Industrial Linkages and Digital Synergy: The Input-Output Analysis of Chinese Cultural Industries

This article probes the industrial linkages and corresponding structures of Chinese cultural industries from the perspective of demand and supply by combining input-output analysis with social network analysis. It finds that the significant economic contribution of Chinese cultural industries lies in creating productive demand for other sectors. Benefitting from industrial standardization, cultural manufacturing industries possess intensive demand and supply linkages and directly participate in national economic activities. The demand and supply linkages of cultural-content industries present internal complexity and are generally deficient in reflexivity. Digital cultural industries, spanning structural holes, show synergistic structures in the demand and supply linkages. These findings offset the paucity of industrial linkage analysis in extant research on cultural industries while unveiling the linkage structures of cultural industries, providing evidence for policymakers and practitioners to effectively guide the development of cultural industries.

Water–energy–food Nexus based on a new perspective of regional sustainable development

Abstract By constructing a regional water–energy–food interaction model, from the perspectives of supply and demand, this study has revealed both the coupling and synergistic effects of the three major elements of water–energy–food at the regional level and the interaction between internal and external resources in the region, and explored the sustainable development of the region under the association of the three major elements of water–energy–food. In this paper, the energy supply and demand measurement model and the optimal regional total cost measurement model were used to optimize the regional total cost measurement. This paper briefly introduces the concepts, application scope, and limitations of scenario analysis. Because the future development of society is very uncertain, it is a very useful tool for predicting and calculating the future scenario and sustainable development of the region. Agricultural water accounted for 55% of the total water resources, and industrial water accounted for 18%. This paper took the main grain-producing areas as an example and enriched the existing research on the water–energy–food relationship to a certain extent by analyzing the current situation and influencing factors of the synergistic development of water–energy–food systems, offering reference to the subsequent related research.

Linking ecological and social systems to promote regional security management: A perspective of ecosystem services supply-flow-demand

The ecosystem services (ESs) are the extremely important basis for the identification and optimization of ecological security patterns (ESPs). Nonetheless, the great majority of existing research on ESPs has concentrated on the ESs supply, ignoring the ESs demand and flow from social systems, which hinders the connection between ecological and social systems. Consequently, using remote sensing products, meteorological observations and statistical yearbooks and other multisource data, this study analysed supply–demand matching characteristics of ESs in the West Liaohe River Basin in China based on assessment of six key ESs from 2010 to 2020, including water yield, food production, livestock breeding, soil loss by water, soil loss by wind, and net primary production, identified the ESPs in combination with the perspective of ESs supply–demand, and discussed the ecological compensation scheme for ESPs construction based on the ESs flow. The research results indicated that the supply and demand of ESs within the study area was mismatched. Therefore, identifying ecological sources solely through the high supply areas of ESs might not effectively meet the needs of human society. By expanding the scope of alternative ecological sources and taking into account the distance between alternative sources and high demand areas, it was helpful to improve the rationality and scientificity of the identification of ESPs. There was a threshold effect in identification of ecological sources and extraction of ecological corridors, but there was no significant impact on overall spatial distribution of ESPs. The results of this research will help to promote the realization of the relationship between ESs and ESPs and better guide the development of regional socio-ecological coupling systems.

Supply and demand of higher vocational education in China: Comprehensive evaluation and geographical representation from the perspective of educational equality.

The imbalanced regional development of higher vocational education, particularly the disparity between the supply and demand of educational resources, has emerged as the primary factor impeding the provision of high-quality higher education in China during the establishment of a universal education system. Based on the 1,482 higher vocational education institutions recognized by the Ministry of Education of China in 2021 as the research objects, the development of higher vocational education in China was explored from the perspective of supply and demand using the entropy weight TOPSIS method and coupling coordination degree model. It was found that China's higher vocational institutions were mainly located in provincial capitals, representing a point distribution pattern. From a comprehensive evaluation of the supply level, areas such as the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, Yangtze River Delta, and central Henan Province have become the catchment areas for the development of higher vocational education, laying the foundation for regional network cooperation. From the perspective of educational equality, the higher vocational education in China was found to be sufficient to match the supply and demand, and a balance between supply and demand was apparent in provincial capitals. The coupling degree between supply and demand exhibited an "olive-type" spatial structure pattern, indicating that the development of higher vocational education in most cities in China is still in the transformation stage. The results provide a scientific basis for optimizing resources in the provision of higher vocational education.

Evaluation and Optimization of Green Space Fairness in Urban Built-Up Areas Based on an Improved Supply and Demand Model: A Case Study of Chengdu, China

Urban green space (UGS) is an important public infrastructure. However, the rapid development of cities and the insufficient supply and uneven distribution of UGSs have led to a mismatch between them and various needs, which has seriously affected environmental justice and social equity. This study discusses the fairness of UGS from the perspective of supply and demand and improves the theoretical framework of supply and demand combination evaluation. First, this study analyzes the supply of UGSs through accessibility analysis and evaluates their demand from both subjective and objective dimensions. Second, the fairness of UGS is analyzed from a Gini coefficient and spatial evaluation perspective. Finally, the location optimization of UGSs is performed, which provides strategic guidance for the improvement of UGSs in Chengdu. The research results based on Chengdu City show that the travel mode directly affects the supply range of UGSs and is reflected in their fairness. At the same time, in the case of a highly dense population, UGSs in the city are in short supply; that is, the equity is negatively correlated with the population. This study provides a new perspective to evaluate UGS fairness and can be a reference for UGS optimization decisions.