Policy Perspective Research Articles

장년세대 노년생활 주거선택에 관한 연구

1. CONTENTS (1) RESEARCH OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study is to find out what characteristics the elderly generation exhibits when choosing a residence to live in their old age after retirement. In other words, we tried to analyze what was an effective response strategy from the perspective of housing policy to minimize the mismatch between demand and supply in the housing market as well as housing stability by appropriately supplying the most preferred housing in the location they prefer. (2) RESEARCH METHOD As a tool for empirical analysis, frequency analysis was first conducted using the SPSS 26.0 statistical program, and response distribution and sample characteristics for all questionnaires were identified. Based on the evaluation data on the matters to be considered when choosing a place of residence after retirement, variables were classified through factor analysis and reliability analysis for each factor, and significant differences in the general characteristics of the sample were found and verified through chi-square analysis. (3) RESEARCH FINDINGS About 80% of the population of the elderly generation hope to move to the Gyeonggi-do area or the outskirts of Seoul within 5 years after retirement and live in a country house, apartment, or residential complex with an area of 20 to 30 pyeong(66~99㎡) or less. It was also found that they wanted to live independently around their children. There is a need for housing policies that respond to their needs to be quickly established in the short and long term. 2. RESULTS Analysis of what is an effective response strategy from the perspective of housing policy to minimize the mismatch between demand and supply in the housing market as well as stable housing for the elderly by appropriately supplying the most preferred housing in the location most preferred by the elderly. In addition, by analyzing housing preference according to general characteristics, the type of housing desired after retirement and the desired area were derived, and the residential area preferred and desired by the elderly generation was identified and presented as basic data for policy establishment.

Research on Traditional Media Integration and Innovation Strategies in the New Media Era

With the rapid rise of new media, traditional media are facing great challenges and opportunities. This paper first analyzes the development characteristics of the new media era and its impact on traditional media, and then discusses the necessity and significance of the integration and innovation of new media and traditional media. On the one hand, new media has attracted a large number of users with its unique communication methods and interactivity, which has brought great competitive pressure to traditional media; on the other hand, new media also provides traditional media with the opportunity of integration and innovation, so that traditional media can enhance their influence and competitiveness by integrating new media elements. Through case studies, this paper examines the strategies and effectiveness of media organizations that have successfully realized integration and innovation. On this basis, the paper also puts forward strategic suggestions to promote the deep integration of the two from the perspectives of policy, technology, content production, etc., and points out the challenges and corresponding countermeasures that may be encountered in the process of integration. It is of great significance to study the integration and innovation strategies of traditional media in the new media era. Traditional media, Media convergence.

TRANSIT ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT POLICY OF INDIA AND THE BARRIERS IN ITS IMPLEMENTATION

Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) has emerged as a promising urban planning approach globally, aiming to create sustainable, equitable, and livable cities by promoting compact, mixed-use development around transit nodes. In India, where rapid urbanization and burgeoning population densities pose significant challenges to urban mobility and sustainability, TOD has gained traction as a potential solution. However, the effective implementation of TOD policies in Indian cities faces numerous barriers, including deficiencies in public transportation infrastructure, outdated land use regulations, affordability and accessibility concerns, financing constraints, governance issues, and challenges related to gap in policy between state and local bye laws in its implementation. This research paper provides a comprehensive analysis of these barriers and proposes a policy framework to overcome them, drawing on insights from international best practices and case studies from Indian cities. Through an interdisciplinary approach that integrates urban planning, transportation engineering, economics, and public policy perspectives, this paper offers actionable recommendations for policymakers, urban planners, and stakeholders to facilitate the successful implementation of TOD in Indian cities. By addressing the identified barriers and leveraging the potential of TOD, India can realize its vision of sustainable, inclusive, and transit-oriented urban development.

Outsider Art and Psychiatry in the Late Soviet Period

This article examines the discourse surrounding the Soviet Outsider Art of the 1970s–1980s. The author analyses the characteristics of scientific and scholarly approaches to, and definitions of, Soviet Оutsider Аrt, and the relationship of this phenomena to the contemporary political situation. The research methodology relies on the theory of discourse and discourse analysis, which makes it possible to examine texts and events from highly different fields as parts of an interconnected system. The innovative character of the study lies in the fact that, for the first time, the author considers the discourse of Soviet Оutsider Аrt from the perspective of Soviet policy and international affairs. The lack of specialized works that study Soviet Оutsider Аrt makes the article relevant and innovative. Researchers have not previously considered the connection between Soviet foreign policy, ideology, punitive psychiatry, and the discourse surrounding Outsider Art. In the 1970s, the creative process of the mentally ill became a topic of interest for Soviet psychiatry. The drawings of psychiatric patients were treated as vehicles of their creative impulses and utilized in psychiatric research for diagnostic purposes. Soviet psychiatrists compared the creative abilities of the mentally ill with various artistic movements, primarily surrealism; however, their vocabulary and analytic approach remained strictly psychiatric in nature. The 1980s gave rise to significant interest in this topic by a larger audience, in connection with a rethinking of artistic languages and the creative process. There was a dual attempt to dispel the reputation of “punitive psychiatry” and a growing understanding of the importance of “otherness” in art. Orienting to the discourse of key texts, this article reveals a gradual shift from the language of psychiatry to art in academic and journalistic texts devoted to Outsider Art in the 1970s–1980s.

Scholarly Discourse on Equity, Inclusion, and Education by Scholars in Indonesia: A Bibliometric and Science Mapping Analysis

Equity, inclusion, and education are remarkable elements encompassed in the United Nations sustainable development goals (SDGs). As such, there is a growing number of publications on these topics presenting some challenges to envision an overarching understating of the connections among these subjects. Hence, the purpose of the current study is to explore the body of research that involves equity, inclusion, and education that is contributed by Indonesian academia by employing bibliometric and science mapping analysis. The search was conducted on SCOPUS database which resulted in some 400 plus documents after applying the pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data was analyzed employing various bibliometric analysis indicators such as number of publications, contributing institutions, citation, co-citation, and keywords. Microsoft excel and VOSviewer software was employed for conducting the analysis. The findings revealed that the number of publications and citations on the topics has been quiet fluctuating. Analyses of the intellectual and conceptual structure revealed that trans-disciplinary nature of scholarship on the topic. Based on the findings, the needs for a greater emphasis on research in these areas by Indonesian institutions/researchers are realized. It is also suggested that researchers employ an integrated approach by investigating variables from the policy and practice perspectives as well as at an organizational or systemic level. The findings are string support that education is an integral component of achieving equity and inclusion which should be taken into account while devising policies and implementing the same.

Concepts and Foundations of Islamic Education Policy from a Public Policy Perspective

Concepts and Foundations of Islamic Education Policy from a Public Policy Perspective

Academic orientation and cannabis use-findings from a population-based study of Swedish adolescents in upper secondary school.

To examine the association between academic orientation and frequent cannabis use among Swedish adolescents in upper secondary school and include pupils from introductory programs (IPs), a large group of adolescents previously overlooked in research on adolescent cannabis use. We used cross-sectional data from two anonymous school surveys carried out in upper secondary school in 2021. The samples consisted of pupils from all academic orientations, and the analysis included 3151 pupils in higher education preparatory programs (HEPs), 1010 pupils in vocational programs (VPs), and 819 pupils in IPs. The association between the exposure academic orientation and the outcome frequent (21+ times) cannabis was analyzed using multi-level mixed-effects Poisson regression. Estimates from the first model showed a significant (P < 0.05) 2.45 times higher risk of frequent cannabis use among pupils in IPs compared with in HEPs [incidence rate ratio (IRR) 2.45, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.28-4.66] and 82% higher in VPs (IRR 1.82, 95% CI 1.09-3.04) compared with in HEPs. However, the associations between academic orientation and frequent (21+ times) cannabis use were attenuated and no longer significant when socioeconomic status, truancy, school dissatisfaction, and early onset of substance use were adjusted for. There was a higher risk of frequent (21+ times) cannabis use among pupils in IPs, and this differential was explained by higher exposure to risk factors in this group. This result is important from a policy perspective as it provides knowledge of a previously neglected risk group for frequent cannabis use.

Corporate tax, R&amp;D and export decisions: Evidence from European firms

AbstractThe paper presents a unified framework for analyzing the impact of corporate taxation on R&amp;D and exporting, considering firm productivity heterogeneity and sunk costs. We empirically examine three hypotheses using data from 7819 European firms spanning 2001–2014. We propose that: (a) an increase in corporate tax reduces the likelihood of innovation, (b) an increase in corporate tax reduces the likelihood of exporting, and (c) firms that innovate are more likely to enter foreign markets. On average, a high Effective Average Tax Rate (EATR) lowers the probability of investing in R&amp;D and exporting by 2.3% and 1.41%, respectively. For firms with low Total Factor Productivity (TFP), the adverse effect of taxation on R&amp;D investment ranges from 3.71% in our baseline analysis to 12.9% in our sensitivity analysis. Interestingly, while EATR positively influences the export decisions of high‐TFP firms, a higher EATR can reduce the export probability by up to 25.5% for firms at the lower end of the TFP distribution. Our findings demonstrate a causal relationship between firm heterogeneity and their capacity to mitigate the distortions caused by higher taxes. From a policy perspective, our results suggest that fostering innovation is essential for firms aiming to expand into international markets.

Where are the alcohol advertising hotspots near schools?

Physically locating liquor stores near schools can strongly influence the chances of youth accessing and consuming alcohol, and may also increase children's exposure to alcohol advertising. Investigating the association between the presence of a liquor store near a school and the prevalence of outdoor alcohol advertising is crucial from a policy perspective, as it can inform future regulations on the placement of liquor stores and outdoor advertising near educational institutions. All outdoor alcohol advertising within a 500 m radius (audit zone) of 64 randomly selected schools from local government areas across metropolitan Perth was identified by direct observation; recording the size, setting, location and content of each advertisement. Results were compared based on whether the school audit zone contained a liquor store or not. Over half (n = 36, 56%) of all school audit zones had at least one alcohol advertisement, with an average number of 5.9 alcohol advertisements per zone (SD = 10.2). The majority (97.9%) of advertisements were in the 38 audit zones containing a liquor store (average = 9.7, SD = 11.9 per zone), compared to zones without a liquor store (average = .3, SD = .7 per zone). Perth school zones containing a liquor store in their 500 m radius had, on average, 30 times more outdoor alcohol advertising, compared with school zones without a nearby liquor store. SO WHAT?: The siting of liquor stores and the display of alcohol advertisements around educational settings require combined policy, planning and public health approaches to mitigate children's exposure to alcohol marketing, especially during school transit.

Bolivia’s domestic electricity cost supporting scheme during COVID-19: Changes in electricity consumption and household welfare

ABSTRACT In Autumn 2020, the Bolivian government introduced a scheme to support electricity costs, aiming to alleviate the financial strain of a nationwide lockdown on households. Our study delves into the effects of this policy on electricity consumption and its monetary implications for recipients. Focusing on six major Bolivian cities, we analyze a comprehensive dataset comprising monthly electricity usage records from all meters within these urban centers. Additionally, we examine the distribution of consumption changes and monetary benefits across different demographic segments within each city. Our findings reveal that while absolute reductions in bills predominantly favor households with higher incomes, education levels, and smaller sizes, relative reductions, adjusted for income per capita, favor households with lower incomes, education levels, and larger sizes. From a policy perspective, we emphasize the need for targeted assistance for low-income households to uphold the implicit pro-poor objectives of similar emergency subsidy programs.

Entrepreneurial orientation and national culture in Thailand: A case of three generations of a Thai SME

ABSTRACT This study explores the formation of entrepreneurial orientation in Thailand through the social environment in which individuals grew up, their educational background, and the education provided by their parents, with a case study of three generations of independent entrepreneurs from the same family. Despite low entrepreneurial inclination according to cultural metrics, key findings stress the significance of education abroad, encouragement of independent business pursuits, and exposure to diverse cultures in fostering entrepreneurial orientation. This suggests that family values and educational policies shape entrepreneurial mindset more than national culture. The study emphasizes entrepreneurship education and cross-cultural experiences in fostering an entrepreneurial mindset, advocating for educational reforms to embed entrepreneurship across disciplines. As an academic implication, the study identifies the influence of entrepreneurial orientation beyond national culture, encompassing family beliefs and educational policies. From a policy and practical perspective, entrepreneurship can be encouraged via education, particularly studying abroad.

Does government policy matter in the digital transformation of farmers’ cooperatives?—A tripartite evolutionary game analysis

Farmers’ cooperatives, as one of the new types of agricultural businesses, are an effective carrier for the digital transformation of agriculture, yet existing studies have paid less attention to how farmers’ cooperatives realize digital transformation. As agricultural economic organizations embedded in social networks, the digital transformation of farmers’ cooperatives requires the joint efforts of governments and companies. Based on the evolutionary game theory, this paper constructs a tripartite evolutionary game model of the government, digital technology companies and farmers’ cooperatives, and simulates and analyzes the behavioral decisions of different participants in the digital transformation of farmers’ cooperatives from the perspective of government policy. The results show: Medium government subsidies can effectively promote the digital transformation of farmers’ cooperatives, and strong subsidy policies increase the government’s financial burden, which is not conducive to policy sustainability. Strong government regulation facilitates digital technology companies to actively provide high-quality services for the digital transformation of farmers’ cooperatives, but government regulation does not have a significant impact on the strategic choices of the government and farmers’ cooperatives. When farmer cooperatives and digital technology companies are in a medium or high level of cooperative trust or when the number of labors saved by digital transformation reaches a certain level, farmers’ cooperatives opt for digital transformation even if the government withdraws from policy intervention.

An Analysis of Policy Transmission Flow in the Chengdu Plain Urban Agglomeration in Southwest China: Towards Building an Ecological Protection Network

Regional ecological protection is an urgent task in today’s social development, and constructing an ecological protection network is an important way to achieve regional ecological coordination. However, previous studies have lacked a systematic review and analysis of policy document transmission paths, failing to consider the spatial network structure and its complex characteristics of regional ecological protection policies, resulting in deficiencies in regional coordinated governance of the ecological environment. To address this gap, this study constructs an ecological policy transmission network lineage for the Chengdu Plain urban agglomeration (CDPUA) based on 400 ecological environmental protection policy documents issued by cities in the CDPUA from 2015 to 2022, focusing on the transmission perspective of policy documents. Social network analysis methods, a GIS spatial analysis, and other methods were employed to construct the ecological protection network of the CDPUA and analyze the complex spatial structure and characteristics of the network. It was found that the integrated ecological protection network of the CDPUA exhibits a multi-core triangular pattern with spatial characteristics of density in the east and sparsity in the west. The integrated ecological protection network has a density of 60.71%, indicating a strong intercity linkage, with Suining as the central nucleus transmitting policies to surrounding cities, forming the Suining–Chengdu–Mianyang policy transmission triangle. The urban agglomeration has formed an ecological protection network dominated by multiple cities, offering diverse and distinct types of ecosystem services. This study provides insights to enhance regional collaborative ecological governance and protection, promoting sustainable development in the region.

Teacher Agency of Novice Teachers: A Scoping Review

Global policies, accountability standards, and various challenges in education around the world have a negative impact on the professional lives of novice teachers. Teacher agency has gained attention as a popular topic that offers different, new perspectives for teachers' professional development and efforts to improve the quality of education. The present study aims to examines the agency of novice teachers. For this purpose, the distribution of the compiled studies by years, countries, research method, sample size, experience level, and subject was examined. It also examined the barriers to novice teachers' agency and the findings of studies focusing on novice teacher agency. In order to identify the relevant peer-reviewed studies in the literature for scoping, research was conducted in the Web of Science, ERIC, Scopus, PsychINFO, and MEDLINE databases. The studies obtained from the databases were accessed in 53 studies using PRISMA research methodology. The study was prepared according to the stages of the scoping review methodology created by Hilary Arksey and Lisa O'Malley. As a result, the conditions affecting the agency of novice teachers were evaluated from teacher education, school context, and policy perspectives, and recommendations were made to researchers, teacher educators, and policymakers.

Unlocking Success: Nexus between Entrepreneurial Orientation and Financial Performance in Culinary MSMEs

This study aims to investigate the impact of entrepreneurial orientation on the financial performance of micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) in the culinary sector, while also exploring the mediating roles of digital transformation and working capital in this relationship. Data were gathered via a field survey involving 360 culinary MSMEs operators in Semarang City, Salatiga City, and Surakarta City, with a proportional distribution across these locations. Statistical analysis was conducted using SEM-PLS. The results reveal that entrepreneurial orientation significantly influences financial performance, digital transformation, and working capital. Additionally, digital transformation and working capital play mediating roles in the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and financial performance. This study contributes to theoretical insights by proposing a model to enhance the economic performance of culinary MSMEs, focusing on entrepreneurial orientation, digital transformation, and working capital. From a policy perspective, the government is encouraged to support various initiatives aimed at enhancing entrepreneurial capabilities, fostering the adoption of digital technologies, and promoting effective working capital management within the culinary MSMEs sector.

Policy Incoherence and Reactive Approaches: Barriers to Effective Management of Land Subsidence in Semarang City, Indonesia

Urbanization drives population growth and development in the coastal area of Semarang City, Indonesia, which in turn increases water consumption demand. To meet these demands, massive exploitation of groundwater has become a common practice. Consequently, groundwater reserves are depleting, causing damage to soil composition, particularly in the alluvial land characteristic of the area. These factors contribute to loads that exceed the land's carrying capacity, leading to extreme subsidence rates in Semarang's coastal areas. This research analyzes the obstacles faced by central and regional governments in implementing public policies to mitigate sustainable land subsidence. A qualitative approach with descriptive methods was employed, with a rigid selection of existing literature, journal articles, official documents, and news related to the research topic. The study utilizes a public policy perspective to map and analyze existing literature. The results indicate that handling land subsidence is hindered by several factors: policy incoherency, reactive policy nature, miscoordination among stakeholders, and overlapping public policies. Consequently, policy implementation in Semarang City has not yielded significant results in addressing subsidence. The study highlights the need for central and regional governments to involve business actors in formulating strategies to manage land subsidence effectively. This research contributes to expanding theoretical and practical knowledge on the implementation of land subsidence management policies by local governments in Indonesia's sustainable environmental sector.

Global Water Challenges in Sub-Saharan Africa and how to strengthen science-policy dialogues on transboundary governance and cooperation

The United Nations Water Conference 2023 highlighted the need for concrete actions to boost integrated water resources management for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals and called for strategies to enhance cooperation among stakeholders. Technical cooperation between countries and institutions in transboundary systems, e.g., on environmental data collection, is an effective way to promote international diplomacy and prevent disputes between riparian states. Still, establishing collaborations to inform bilateral dialogues on the identification of environmental challenges, their causes, and development priorities may be a difficult task in itself. This is particularly true in the African context because of limited resources and lack of data. In this paper, we analyse the case of nine transboundary river basins in Sub-Saharan Africa to identify which water-management challenges are perceived as most important by the different riparian countries from a policy and scientific perspective. Our insights are based on the most up-to-date scientific papers, open access reports and technical literature, river basin authority’s strategy papers, projects’ summary reports, and national policy documents. We also complement these sources with the pieces of information we gained through collaborations with regional and local experts, and management bodies (such as river basin authorities). We highlight the current water-related conflicts and the gap between the priorities identified by the scientific community and different riparian countries on how to tackle hydro-climatic change and improve food and energy security, human and environmental health. Based on our experience, we discuss some keys to building trust among stakeholders, strengthening cooperation, and identifying shared water-governance measures in transboundary river basins. They are: (i) connect science and policy to provide sound knowledge for the right questions, (ii) value local knowledge and exploit the complementarity of different perspectives, (iii) consider multiple spatial scales and multi-level stakeholders to leave no one behind, (iv) promote a culture which values trade-offs and handles complexity, and (v) co-create data and knowledge to facilitate stakeholder dialogue from problem definition to intervention identification.

სკოლის მართვის პოლიტიკა: ლიდერის როლი სკოლის მართვაში

The article aims to establish the factors that have an influence on the transition of school management reform and to outline some of the common trends causing the policy change in this area. The analysis shows that there is a various set of studies covering different aspects of school management. Each of them responds to the issue of adopting school management reform from different angles. The policy perspective relates to school management reforms such as decentralization, autonomy, accountability or contextual changes. An increased focus (on learning outcomes and school improvement perspectives) recognizes the key role of leadership in education reform. The research among principals contributed the adoption of school management reforms. The school management policy perspective shows that countries have implemented reforms, with practices that vary across countries and contexts. Some reforms include a new public management agenda or the globalization of education policy. This review shows that there is a considerable amount of research on school leadership, but relatively less attention has been paid to policy research on effective school management. The paper first provides an overview of the role of school leaders and how has it evolved over the last decade, which serves to clarify the main reasons for the reforms. After the methodology are discussed the factors influencing the adoption of school leadership reforms. Specifically, how different fields of education research influence the development of the school leadership role. The article ends with a conclusion that discusses the factors that influence the implementation of school management reforms. It also provides important perspectives on the development of the role of principals: (1) school management reforms respond to the changing context of education and public school governance in terms of greater decentralization, accountability, and school outcomes; (2) School leadership has an indirect influence on education and schooling, which is considered for the implementation of various reforms and aimed at improving teaching, but does not seem to be itself considered a policy priority. In general, research of school management reforms was conducted in selected countries according to their educational opportunities.

Is There Any Link Between FDI and Profitability in the Indian Manufacturing Sector?

Although a plethora of studies examine the determinants of profitability, this study adds to existing literature by assessing whether foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows make any significant contribution to profitability. To do so, the article uses disaggregated annual data relating to the Indian manufacturing sector 2012−2019. Results obtained from employing panel data models showed that FDI inflows have a positive and significant impact on profitability. Further, our results indicate that FDI affects profitability only in the long run but not in the short run. Capital intensity and size do not affect the profitability of the Indian manufacturing sector. From a policy perspective, it is imperative for manufacturing industries in India to attract more FDI inflow in order to boost profitability in the long run.

Review Of The Maritime Tourism Development Model In The Anambas Islands Through A Digital Approach

This research aims to build an understanding of the currently developing academic literature on marine tourism in the Anambas Islands as one of the potential areas. Maritime tourism can be developed from a digital and institutional development policy perspective, considering that the impact of tourism through maritime tourism is so broad/multiplier effect, including trade connectivity and communication between nations, so that it becomes one way to maintain maritime affairs. This study used a qualitative method. Data sources are obtained from primary and secondary data. Data collection techniques involved observation, interviews, documentation, FGD, and triangulation, while N-Vivo12 Plus assisted data analysis techniques. The research results showed that the Anambas Regency Government has not fully implemented digital-based development. There have been no regulations governing the development of digital-based marine tourism, both in strategic plans and SOPs in regulations that do not specifically address development. Second, digital media in developing marine tourism is not optimal; there is a lack of social media platforms to raise and attract public attention. The branding carried out is only limited to providing information about tourist attractions, displaying attractive photos, and at least creating marketing campaigns such as events held on the Anambas Islands, and minimally discussing access to the Anambas Islands so that tourists feel that the distance is far away and are reluctant to visit them. Overall, digital-based development is limited to uploading on social media, even though the understanding of digital-based development is broader and far from just sharing on social media. The government should have the ability to innovate and adapt in the face of various changes, such as preparing development plans based on various information on transportation access telecommunications, which can provide complete information to potential visitors so that they can have a variety of experiences.