Feminine Perspective Research Articles

The Doctrine of Memory in Origen of Alexandria: Intersecting the Theory of Divine Names, Platonic Recollection, and Feminine Perspectives

Abstract Posing as the first attempt to study systematically Origen’s doctrine of memory, this article pieces together the sparse references to memory in the Origenian literature. While no systematic attempt to investigate memory is traceable in Origen’s thought, the psychological function of memory does present itself as a minor but significant element in his theology. First, I clear the way from unnecessary connections to the Platonic doctrine of recollection suggested by the few scholars who have tackled the issue. Then, I frame Origen’s understanding of memory within his “doctrines of names.” Memory is shown as the result of the nature of names and their ontological capacity to evoke the power of the named object and make it present in the mind of the utterer even before reaching a full intellectual understanding of it. Secondly I analyse biblical characters, especially Zechariah, Mary, and Elizabeth, showing how Origen turned the function of memory into a step of the human ascensive path toward God. The act of seeking God in one’s memory is overcome when his presence occurs in contemplation, shifting from an economy of memory/imagination/manifestation to one of presence/contemplation. In the doctrines of divine names, the “memory” is opposed to the “voice,” which is the distinctive trait of the new economy. Thirdly I show that, not only men, but also women are presented by Origen as examples of how to overcome the economy of memory, thus becoming “voice” of God. In fact, women represent the shift from memory to voice even better than men. They embody literally the path from “memory” to “voice,” as the image that Origen uses to represent this shift is pregnancy, which thus metaphorically expresses the whole history of salvation as a process of spiritual transformation towards God.

아브젝트 개념으로 접근한 ‘무진’이라는 공간의 상징성

Kim Seung-ok's “Record of a Journey to Mujin” is a successful work to the extent that it has been adapted into a film among his many works. Along with this, “Record of a Journey to Mujin” is actively discussed among his works. Within it, various studies have been conducted on the symbolism of the space due to the uniqueness and imaginative nature of the space called 'Mu-jin.' Particularly noteworthy is that although the title of Record of a Journey to Mujin” includes the word 'journey' as a clue, it shows a different form from conventional travel novels. There are also studies suggesting that the space called 'Mu-jin' is not a space existing in reality but holds symbolic significance as a space that contrasts with Seoul. Among these, noteworthy are studies that adopt Lacan's concepts of the imaginary and symbolic orders. These studies analyze 'Mu-jin' as an imaginary or real space contrasting with 'Seoul,' an existing space symbolized by the symbolic order. In this paper, adopting these two perspectives, we will posit 'Seoul,' existing in contrast to 'Mu-jin,' as the symbolic order. However, there are aspects of the characteristics of the space called 'Mu-jin' that cannot be accommodated solely by Lacan's concepts of the imaginary and real orders. Therefore, by expanding and reinterpreting Lacan's studies from a feminine perspective, adopting Kristeva's concept, we aim to present 'Mu-jin' as a gathering of abjects placed in opposition to 'Seoul,' symbolized as a symbolic order, forming a 'semiotic system.'

Sufism Studies from a Gender Perspective: The Role and Experience of Rabiah Al-Adawiyah in the Sufi Tradition

Abstract: This study explores the role and experiences of Rabiah al-Adawiyah in the Sufi tradition with a focus on gender perspectives. Rabiah, as one of the central figures in the history of Sufism, is known for her significant contribution to the development of Sufism teachings, especially in the concept of divine love (mahabbah) and spiritual asceticism. This study uses a qualitative approach with a type of literature study to explore the poetry of a prominent Sufi woman, Rabiah al-Adawiyah, to understand how they responded to and shaped their views on spirituality in a context that is often dominated by male narratives. The research findings demonstrate that Rabiah not only enriched Sufi theology with a feminine perspective but also challenged gender stereotypes in Islamic spirituality. Rabiah al-Adawiyah emerges not only as an inspirational Sufi figure but also as a crucial symbol of women's spiritual potential within the Sufi tradition. Her contributions have left a profound spiritual legacy and continue to inspire contemporary discussions on equality and inclusivity in Islamic religious practice.

Susan Glaspell’s “Trifles”: A Feminist/Post-Structuralist Reading

This study offers a feminist/post-structuralist reading of Susan Glaspell’s “Trifles”. It addresses man/woman binary opposition, not by taking the existence of one to mean the absence of the other, but in terms of looking at each side of the binary opposition as having a multiplicity of identifications that require various opposition models. In particular, it pays attention to the post/structuralist view of opposition as a societal construct that does not exist in objective reality, and therefore, could be challenged, dismantled and rectified. The study seeks to analyze Glaspell’s “Trifles” in the light of a quotation from Klages (2011) in which he uses the theatre seating arrangement as a metaphor for woman’s position in the male/female gender binary. Also, In “Trifles”, the patriarchal constructs underlying the judicial conventions have been confronted and the nature of criminality has been redefined when the women in the story repudiate the passivity foisted on them by engaging in a series of domestic feminine details that finally lead to the unraveling of the mystery of the crime. The study sheds light on the feminist rejection of patriarchy, and it concludes with the postulation that the time has come to incorporate the feminine perspective and female settings in the legal investigative tradition.

FEMININE HEROES: THE WOMAN’S MAN IN A LITERATURE OF THEIR OWN: BRITISH WOMEN NOVELISTS FROM BRONTE TO LESSING, BY ELAINE SHOWALTER

The chapter V highlights the feminine perspective of women novelists when they present the man in their novels. In another word, the novelists have described the man through “female glasses” which didn’t care much of the realty. That’s why the term “Woman’s Man” has embodied what mentioned recently.

FEMININE HEROES: THE WOMAN’S MAN IN A LITERATURE OF THEIR OWN: BRITISH WOMEN NOVELISTS FROM BRONTE TO LESSING, BY ELAINE SHOWALTER

The chapter V highlights the feminine perspective of women novelists when they present the man in their novels. In another word, the novelists have described the man through “female glasses” which didn’t care much of the realty. That’s why the term “Woman’s Man” has embodied what mentioned recently.

The Affective Turn in the Cinematic Lens of Ann Hui: A Case Study of Love After Love

Ann Hui, a prominent Hong Kong female director, is renowned for her distinctive auteur style, primarily focusing on realist themes. Her creations often stem from a unique feminine perspective, showcasing her profound understanding and contemplation of society. Hui’s work is characterized by her delicate portrayal of characters from the lower echelons of society, delving deeply into ethical issues of human nature, and providing a reflective and insightful view of real-world social conditions. The emotional expressions in Hui’s films resonate deeply with audiences, fostering a strong sense of empathy. By integrating multiple paths from diverse fields, this article mainly explores Hui’s film Love After Love through the lenses of psychoanalysis, feminism, and sociology, aiming to reinterpret the emotional expression, bodily experiences, and the reflection and impact of socio-cultural phenomena in Ann Hui’s films.

The poetics of mourning or loss: a study in Angeliki Sidira’s poetry

ABSTRACT This study aims to present lament in contemporary Greek poetry as it emerges through Angeliki Sidira’s poems. The poetics of mourning allows poets to highlight a multitude of other themes around death (existential anguish, illness and therapy, social anguish and protest). Angeliki Sidira is the main contemporary Greek representative of the subgenre, connecting lamentation and rage through a feminine perspective and domestic poetry. Her poetry opposes the traditional image of a woman in poetry and replaces her at home as a mother, wife and daughter. Sidira’s poetry expands the way in which the dynamics of the feminine can be understood, through the pain of loss and its place in the home; it offers new ways of reading the relationship between emotional life and the broader social and political contexts that have shaped gender perceptions. Poetics of mourning or loss abandon the elegiac praise of the dead highlighting memory and pain. The autobiography of a female writer is an act of liberation, as it reveals political aspects through personal experience and social gender roles.

"Caught in the crossfire" - women veterans' testimonies regarding excessively violent acts committed in combat zones.

As women in the Israeli Defense Forces (IDF) are increasingly placed in supportive and combat roles in active war zones, they routinely encounter and participate in violent acts. This study focusses on the centrality of gendered inequality and oppression as a factor that shapes not only women's experience in the military but also their responses in cases of excessive violence. The goal of this study was to explore the ways women veterans of combat or combat-support units conceptualize their stance regarding violent acts which they either committed or witnessed in war zones. Using a qualitative approach, we analyzed the retrospective testimonies of 58 Israeli women veterans from the archives of an NGO that documents veteran combatants exposure to excessive violence. Most women explained their violent acts as inherent to the military system and culture, which in our analysis was categorized as examples of either internalized gender oppression or as identification with the aggressor. A smaller number of women described their attempts to protest, as they took a moral stance rooted in a feminine perspective. The three explanations revealed through the analysis of the testimonies reflect the inner tension experienced by many women in the military, as they navigate between two extreme positions, either as victims of male dominance, or as aggressors that are part of a powerful military system. In this study, gendered inequality provides a framework for analyzing the data. Thus, this study contributes to the theoretical knowledge and methodological approaches concerning violent situations in combat areas, focusing on the various ways in which women veterans subjectively and retroactively conceptualize their participation in and responses to violent acts.

Understanding Trauma in Nandini Sahu’s That Elusive Orgasm of An Incest Victim

Nandini Sahu’s narratorial oeuvre vociferously yet delicately contributes towards the study of the female psyche and the body from a nuanced feminine perspective. That Elusive Orgasm of an Incest Victim, for instance, charts the anatomy of the psychological trauma of the victim, Jhumpa. This paper attempts to course through the inexpressible, unintelligible, and indescribable vestibules of trauma responses evident and resident in the tangible and intangible portions of the female body. It explores the traditional and pluralistic models of trauma that seek to delve into the problematics of the linguistic representation of the experience of the traumatised consciousness. The paper asserts the potential of the voice of Sahu’s Jhumpa as a critical document in pluralistic critical trauma studies given its narrative from a cultural physio-psychoanalytical perspective.

The Rippling of Dalit Consciousness in Contemporary Odiā Poetry

Dalit literature has been influential in the rising awareness for protest or creating literature of social consciousness. The broad domain of Dalit writings includes the depravation and trauma of certain category of people for some socio-cultural, traditional biases. Maybe one of the tenets of it could be the so-called social stratification or formation of social class. Thus, like writings in many languages in India, in Odia, lots of writing account for the evidences and experiences associated with Dalit consciousness. It also envisages feminine perspectives giving the account of the autobiographies and plights and traumatic evidences of Dalit authors underlining the issues of caste, class, and gender in the backdrop of social exclusion. Dalit Literature in Odia has a rich history that can be traced back to the fifteenth century. In Odia literary creations such as Bouddhagāna, and Dohā, Charyāgeetikā, the anecdotes of social discrimination and casteism are noticed. There is potentiality in contemporary Odia poetry in reflecting on various themes of Dalit consciousness. As it is evident, it starts with saint poet Bhimbhoi who is said to be the first Dalit poet of Odishā in the mid-19th century. Along with glorification of humanitarian attributes, he has outlined the plights of the depraved community. The motifs of Ekalavya, Sanatan, Kalia, Ghinua, Jara Shabara; musical instruments such as baja; the untouchables; Sriya Chandaluni in Laxmi Purana; fingertip print are common in reflecting Dalit issues variously. In this context, this paper focuses on the critical dimensions of Dalit poetry in Odia by including some of the well-known authors such as Gopinath Bag, P.K. Mishra, Nilamani Parida, Ashutosh Parida, Jayadrath Suna, Basudev Sunani, Pitambar Tarai, Akhil Nayak, and Hrushikesh Mallik. Such poets have applied the skills varieties of versification to focus comprehensively on the sensitivity of the traumatic issues of oppression; racial discrimination; socio-cultural taboos; loss of indigenous culture; evil effects of urbanization and politics; existential crisis; victimization of the poor and innocents; loss of ecological harmony; nostalgia and effects of displacement.

The flavours of mixing: Postcolonial literary representations of cooking as a feminine mode of creolization

ABSTRACT This article examines the place of food and cooking in Caribbean women’s postcolonial writings, and concentrates on the works of two women authors of Caribbean origins: Jean Rhys and Olive Senior. It explores how the representations of cooking and culinary traditions help us to rethink the process of creolization from a feminine perspective. Creolization is a process of cultural encounter and mixing that is central to the understanding of Caribbean identities. However, the theories of creolization have often omitted the role that women play in this process. This article focuses on cooking, an activity usually conceived as feminine and shows how it participates in the opposition to the continuation of racial, social, and sexual domination resulting from colonization. It demonstrates how the two selected authors tackle the topic of cooking, and how they rehabilitate this activity as an art and as a key element in the transmission of creolized cultures.

Nation, Nationalism, and Womanhood in Farah Bashir’s Rumours of Spring: A Girlhood in Kashmir

Nationalism as a concept gives rise to dogmatic notions of loyalty and allegiance to one’s nation. Ever since the consolidation of the idea of nation-states, the issue of allegiance to the nation has played out differently for men and women. Traditionally, men are responsible for defending the borders of the nation, while women look after the home and the hearth and propagate the prescribed ideals of the nation-state. Consequently, the importance placed on going out to war and the sacrifices made for the sovereignty of the nation and nationhood frames the discourse surrounding the conditions and effects on masculinity and the idea of manhood in general. However, a study of this nexus of religion, nationhood, and identity in allegiance to one’s nation-state from the perspective of femininity and its effects on womanhood in general could showcase how women living in a contested land suffer both direct and indirect effects of the conflict. The autobiographical text by Farah Bashir, Rumours of Spring (New Delhi: Fourth Estate, 2021), showcases the strategies and tools through which women navigate such restrictive spaces. This coming-of-age story in the conflict-torn sociocultural fabric of Kashmir negotiates with varying definitions of nation-states, lending the narrator the scope to negotiate the multiple threads of gender, religion, and identity sewn into the fabric of the macrocosmic nation.

Play, Defiance and Imagination As Forms Of Knowledge Production : Examining Bidesiya As Folk Theatre and Its Pedagogical Implications in Classrooms Of Literature

India houses a number of folk theatrical forms that are simple and closer to the rural milieu. After the decline of Sanskrit classical drama in India, from the 14th to the 19th century, folk theatre emerged in myriads of rural languages. These theatrical forms can be categorised under two broad genres, viz., "Ritual Theatre" that was religious in nature, and the "Theatre of Entertainment," which was more secular in mood. One such example of the secular form is Bidesiya, the dynamic and popular theatre of Bihar. Bidesiya, like the name suggests, revolves around the "bides" / "pardes," i. e., foreign land / homeland dichotomy. Bidesiya emerged and was given shape by Bhikhari Thakur, the highly-acclaimed poet, playwright, and actor, and aimed at disseminating some kind of social message through the plays. Bidesiya also makes use of a plethora of folk songs that are rooted in Bihar's soil, and these plays were primarily performed by actors belonging to lower-caste communities. The most crucial aspect of Bidesiya is that this folk theatrical form is fundamentally radical and fluid in terms of how it deals with gender. Bidesiya showcases Launda naach — or the dance native to Uttar Pradesh and Bihar that is performed by female impersonators — as a powerful theatrical technique. The present paper seeks to scrutinise Bidesiya as a gender-fluid folk theatrical form of India, and further explores the manner in which Bidesiya problematises the essentialist notion of fixed gender identity. The paper, therefore, begins with an elaborate discussion on the origin of Bidesiya, and moves on to study its various aspects, including the structure of the plays and the performers' troupes, the "men's" and "women's" folk songs which are associated with the genre, and the underpinnings of the staged performances. The paper then investigates the obfuscation of gender by the actors, visible in Launda Naach — the central element of Bidesiya plays — and the presentation of the songs, written from feminine perspective, by men. The concluding section of the paper highlights the pedagogical implications of Bidesiya and its relevance in classrooms, with a special emphasis on how gender is revealed as performative in the plays. Introducing Bidesiya in classroom education resists didacticism by promoting hands-on learning, creates a space for the students to locate themselves within the broad spectrum of gender identities, and also indulges imaginative voyages, as this paper will show.

To Leave the Land So as Not to Leave the Land: The Religious Motivations of Seasonal Migrants, Including Women, in the Twentieth Century

This chapter seeks to answer the question as to why, even though subsistence conditions militated against continuing to eke out an existence on unproductive holdings, many inhabitants in Ireland’s western counties did just that. Particularly in the west of Ireland, Irish women and men found ways to remain on their lands and in their dwellings despite the enduring proclivity for permanent migration from Ireland during the second half of the nineteenth century and the first half of the twentieth. The answer lies in the Irish penchant to engage in a variety of vernacular religious practices reiterated via expressive cultural forms like proverbs and reinforced via plays and films. In addition, an otherworld feminine perspective permeated their consciousness. For the Irish, their implicit religion—a complex network of symbols and practices—remained intact, so much so that seasonal migration endured, and the Irish preserved their homelands.

基于女性主义视野下的池莉小说日常生活叙事研究

The new era of daily narrative fiction points women to daily life, and there is a close overlap between gender and daily life perspectives, making contemporary women's daily narratives rich and diverse. As one of the pioneers of the “neo-realism” genre in China, Chi Li is good at narrating daily life through the female perspective. This paper analyzes Chi Li's novels under the dual perspective of feminism and daily life, and finds that Chi Li's dual perspective style of feminism and daily life is deeply influenced by Western feminist criticism, but also has her unique narrative style, and the secularization of literary aesthetics is more prominent. Under the feminist perspective, the daily life narratives of Chi Li's novels in the new period are rooted in the transmutation of women's daily life consciousness, the narrative emotions are zero distance from daily life, the narrative language bears a strong Hubei brand, and the content shows more of the true restoration of daily life. She writes from a uniquely feminine perspective to care for women in the present world and constructs a care for life with inner intuition and experience, which is a model of feminist criticism and its local practice and has unique value in literary narrative.

Écriture Fèminie in Anne Sexton's Selected Poems

Abstract: Écriture féminine, or "feminine writing," is a prominent theoretical concept in feminist critique, particularly in France. It describes a distinct feminine style that deviates from standard male styles .This paper aims to highlight the concept of écriture féminine in a selection of Anne Sexton's poems. She bravely tackles topics like pregnancy, the female body, and marriage from a feminine perspective. Her works can be analysed through the eyes of French feminist writers such as Helene Cixous, Luce Irigaray, and Julia Krestiva because of their strong emphasis on the female body. Sexton enters a traditionally male-dominated field, bringing new talent and perspective to the craft of poetry.

MYTHOLOGY IN THE MIRROR: THE NON-FICTIONAL APPROACH IN DEVDUTT PATTANAIK’S MYTHOLOGICAL RETELLINGS

Mythology is formed by the set of stories and beliefs, relatively cohesive, to which people have traditionally attributed their origin and the cause of everything that happens around them. Therefore, we can affirm that mythology has the power to influence culture's worldview and belief system. For a better understanding of a region's socio-cultural condition, it becomes crucial to examine popular mythological texts. Among contemporary mythologists, there has been an increase in retelling ancient myths from a new perspective. The paper examines Devdutt Pattanaik's non-fictional attempt to revise classical Indian epics. In process, it reveals to the reader the challenges associated with paradigms that have dominated Indian thought for centuries. Two well-known retellings of Devdutt Pattanaik: Jaya: An Illustrated Retelling of Mahabharata (2010) and Sita: An Illustrated Retelling of Ramayana (2013) have been analyzed to explore the new feminine perspective in mythological retellings of the two great epics of India: TheRamayana and TheMahabharata. It is a qualitative research which follows the exploratory research design. MLA seventh edition style has been used for referencing and citation.

Феминистская концепция материнства Адриенны Рич: материнство как личный опыт и как социальный институт

This article discusses the concept of the American “second wave” feminist, writer and poet Adrienne Rich, who had a strong influence on the American feminist tradition of understanding motherhood. Rich describes motherhood through personal experience and as a social institution. The work of Rich is known for its provocative nature, as well as for its depiction of prosaic motherhood experiences and personal details. The book has become a classic feminist text, and motherhood has become an integral issue of feminism. Rich combines examples from literature, research and real-life evidences in her text; she describes the experience of motherhood, from the period of childbearing to the growing up of children. A. Rich also talks about the hatred that mothers feel towards their child and the depression she personally experienced while raising three children. The author concludes that being a mother is one aspect of female identity, and not the only one. Instead of dismissing the problems of motherhood as unimportant, Rich delves into the problem of the crisis or loss of identity of a woman as a mother and the problem of that overwhelming sense of inadequacy that many mothers feel when raising children. The purpose of this article is to describe the main ideas of the American feminist A. Rich regarding motherhood as an experience and as a social institution. The scientific significance of the work is in the fact that A. Rich problematizes the fact that women themselves, being mothers, write little about their experience of motherhood and therefore the vast majority of knowledge and visual images of motherhood come to us through patriarchal culture as a collective or individual male consciousness. Adrienne Rich offers a feminine perspective on the fulfillment of motherhood when it is perceived as critical and problematic. The value of this study is in an attempt to comprehend the influence of A. Rich’s concept of motherhood on the feminist analysis of motherhood as a female practice and as a social institution

Establishing Ethical Relationships through Care Education

This thesis begins by acknowledging that there are more suffering and more discriminating people, as Zizek said, that the fear of Pandemic is more clearly revealing the widespread discrimination in our society. From this idea, I would like to answer the question of what the relationship with the other should be in this era. In particular, modern society seems to regard rationality as the only tool in solving social problems and establishing ethical relationships in the community. is rationality truly the one and only tool at our disposal to help us solve the problems of modern society? In response to this question, we focus on the ethics of caring as a means to solve the problem in a ‘different’ way. In particular, we will examine how the ethics of caring, which begins with Gilligan, shows a critical view of the existing rationality-oriented ethical attitude. We then outline how Noddings, who followed, laid the foundation for ethical education through this perspective. The ethics of caring plays a role in making care lead from natural care to ethical care, and making the ethics of caring no longer remain in the private domain of intimacy. The necessity of caring education is being discussed not only in the realm of ethics but also in the realm of politics. In addition to Noddings, it should be understood that Tronto and Engster want to establish a community as a more essential relationship by systematizing and theorizing caring education. Through this discussion, we will show that Noddings' ethics of caring can indeed be extended beyond a feminine perspective to that of an ethics of caring for others. Morevover, we will show that an ethics of caring implies a perspective that is actually centered on others in that the first caring begins by responding to the call of others, rather than caring for others from the standpoint of the subject based on identity.