Central Perspective Research Articles

Important Perspectives and Concepts to Teach in Ethics Education

In the field of ethics, which is a part of the subject religious education (RE) in Sweden, there is still insufficient research related to powerful knowledge. The aim of this article is to contribute knowledge to the field by examining what teachers see as important perspectives and concepts in ethics education. To fulfil this aim, eight teachers in Swedish compulsory schools have been interviewed about central perspectives and concepts related to their teaching in ethics. The results show that the interviewed teachers emphasize three perspectives which concern: (1) society locally and globally, (2) different ethical dilemmas and (3) the students’ experiences in school and at home. The teachers also believe that certain concepts are needed for students to understand what a democratic society means, to succeed in subsequent stages of education and to understand their own lives. The teachers’ descriptions of what they view as important perspectives and concepts relate to knowledge that has power and potential for social justice. They want to prepare and engage their students in relation to questions that they may face both now and in their futures.

Ethical human participant research in Central Asia: a quantitative analysis of attitudes and practices among social science researchers based in the region

Central Asian researchers are underrepresented in the global research production in social sciences, resulting in a limited Central Asian perspective on many social issues. To stimulate the production of local knowledge, it is important to develop strong research cultures, including knowledge of ethical practices in research with human participants. There is currently scarce evidence about research ethics regulations used by social science researchers working in the Central Asian region. This article reports findings from an online survey conducted in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Uzbekistan ( n = 296) from October 2021 to January 2022. Focusing on three Central Asian countries, this article addresses the following research questions: What are the attitudes and practices of social science researchers based in Central Asia toward research ethics regulations and research ethics committees (RECs)? Is research ethics training associated with improved attitudes and practices in relation to research ethics among social scientists based in Central Asia? Is research experience associated with improved attitudes and practices in relation to research ethics among social scientists based in Central Asia? Regression analyses results demonstrate that locally based social scientists with prior research ethics training implement ethical procedures in their empirical research practice more often compared to researchers without any prior research ethics training. The preliminary findings indicate that research ethics training is positively associated with Central Asia-based social science researchers’ engagement in ethical research, thus potentially increasing the amount and quality of empirical social science research produced in the region.

Reconnecting with the Warrior Within: Australian Indigenous perspectives on the development of a social and emotional wellbeing program.

Australian Indigenous youth are at high risk of developing mental health problems. Historical determinants and socioeconomic disadvantage continue to impact their social and emotional wellbeing (SEWB) and sense of identity. Previous literature suggests connecting to culture significantly impacts SEWB in Indigenous youth. Given the diversity of Indigenous culture, collaboration and consultation with specific cultural groups is required to develop appropriate and relevant psychological treatments for SEWB. The Warrior Within Program was developed to improve SEWB in Indigenous youth by assisting them to better understand their identity through participation in group-based cultural activities. This research aimed to understand Central Queensland Indigenous Development staff perspectives around (1) the process of developing the program and (2) how group-based cultural activities contributed to staff perceived improvements in SEWB of program participants. In this qualitative study, semi-structured individual interviews of 60-90 min were conducted with four Warrior Within Program staff of Central Queensland Indigenous Development. Transcripts were thematically analysed and the subthemes identified were categorised into main themes. The process of developing the Warrior Within Program, cultural and Indigenous identity, reconnecting and knowledge emerged as the four main themes. This study makes a unique and important contribution to the Australian Indigenous literature regarding the role and nature of culture in group-based programs and the importance of collaborating with Indigenous groups to increase our understanding of their usefulness and efficacy. This study also helps to bridge the gap between Indigenous ways of knowing in program development and non-Indigenous methods of evaluation. SO WHAT?: Acknowledging Australian Indigenous methods and ways of knowing are essential to the development and delivery of culturally appropriate group problems for addressing the psychological needs of this population. The methods used in this study could be used by others seeking to legitimise cultural ways of knowing.

Concordance between 8-1-1 HealthLink BC Emergency iDoctor-in-assistance (HEiDi) virtual physician advice and subsequent health service utilization for callers to a nurse-managed provincial health information telephone service

BackgroundBritish Columbia 8–1-1 callers who are advised by a nurse to seek urgent medical care can be referred to virtual physicians (VPs) for supplemental assessment and advice. Prior research indicates callers’ subsequent health service use may diverge from VP advice. We sought to 1) estimate concordance between VP advice and subsequent health service use, and 2) identify factors associated with concordance to understand potential drivers of discordant cases.MethodsWe linked relevant provincial administrative databases to obtain inpatient, outpatient, and emergency service use by callers. We developed operational definitions of concordance collaboratively with researcher, patient, VP, and management perspectives. We used Kaplan–Meier curves to describe health service use post-VP consultation and Cox regression to estimate the association of caller factors (rurality, demography, attachment to primary care) and call factors (reason, triage level, time of day) with concordance as hazard ratios.ResultsWe analyzed 17,188 calls from November 16, 2020 to April 30, 2021. Callers advised to attend an emergency department (ED) immediately were the most concordant (73%) while concordance was lowest for those advised to seek Family Physician (FP) care either immediately (41%) or within 7 days (47%). Callers unattached to FPs were less likely to schedule an FP visit (hazard ratio = 0.76 [95%CI: 0.68–0.85]). Rural callers were less likely to attend an ED within 48 h when advised to go immediately (0.53 [95%CI:0.46–0.61]) compared to urban callers. Rural callers advised to see an FP, either immediately (1.28 [95%CI:1.01–1.62]) or within 7 days (1.23 [95%CI: 1.11–1.37]), were more likely to do so than urban callers.InterpretationConcordance between VP advice and subsequent caller health service use varies substantially by category of advice and caller rurality. Concordance with advice to “Go to ED” is high overall but to access primary care is below 50%, suggesting potential issues with timely access to FP care. Future research from a patient/caller centered perspective may reveal additional barriers and facilitators to concordance.

Neurosurgical treatment of pediatric brain tumors - results from a single center multidisciplinary setup

ObjectiveThe challenge of pediatric brain tumor surgery is given due to a relative low prevalence but high heterogeneity in age, localization, and pathology. Improvements of long-term overall survival rates were achieved during the past decades stressing the importance of a multidisciplinary decision process guided by a national treatment protocol. We reviewed the entire spectrum of pediatric brain tumor surgeries from the perspective of an interdisciplinary pediatric neuro-oncology center in Germany.MethodsEvery patient who underwent brain tumor surgery from January 2010 to June 2017 in our Pediatric Neurosurgery department was retrospectively included and evaluated regarding the course of treatment. Perioperative data such as tumor localization, timing of surgery, extent of resection, neuropathological diagnosis, transfusion rates, oncologic and radiation therapy, and neurological follow-up including morbidity and mortality were evaluated.ResultsTwo hundred ninety-three pediatric brain tumor patients were applicable (age: 8.28 ± 5.62 years, 1.22:1.0 m:f). A total of 531 tumor surgical interventions was performed within these patients (457 tumor resections, 74 tumor biopsies; mean interventions per patient 1.8 ± 1.2). Due to a critical neurologic status, 32 operations (6%) were performed on the day of admission. In 65.2% of all cases, tumor were approached supratentorially. Most frequent diagnoses of the cases were glial tumors (47.8%) and embryonal tumors (17.6%). Preoperative planned extent of resection was achieved in 92.7%. Pre- and postoperative neurologic deficits resolved completely in 30.7%, whereas symptom regressed in 28.6% of surgical interventions. New postoperative neurologic deficit was observed in 10.7%, which resolved or improved in 80% of these cases during 30 days. The mortality rate was 1%.ConclusionWe outlined the center perspective of a specialized pediatric neuro-oncological center describing the heterogeneous distribution of cases regarding age-related prevalence, tumor localization, and biology, which requires a high multidisciplinary expertise. The study contributes to define challenges in treating pediatric brain tumors and to develop quality indicators for pediatric neuro-oncological surgery. We assume that an adequate volume load of patients within a interdisciplinary infrastructure is warranted to aim for effective treatment and decent quality of life for the majority of long-term surviving pediatric tumor patients.

Exploration of the Self in a Religious-Ethical Context from Late Antiquity through the Early Renaissance: St. Augustine, Boethius, and Petrarch - Past Ideas for our Future

There are many efforts to defend the Humanities against countless attacks by university administrators, the public, and, implicitly, even by students. In light of those problems, this article returns to three of the most important intellectuals in the history of western culture, St. Augustine, Boethius, and Francesco Petrarch, examining their respective fundamental dialogic narratives in which they probed their own self and discovered answers to the most critical questions in life. This paper suggests that we can profoundly promote the Humanities by returning to the bedrock of our discipline established by these three authors whose concepts about the self and its relationship with the transcendental being (the divine, Summum bonum, etc.) continue to offer central perspective also for the twenty-first century.

325 Antegrade Sclerotherapy: A Viable Option for the Treatment of Varicocele in the United Kingdom? a Single Centre Perspective

Abstract Aim Antegrade sclerotherapy has been used for the treatment of varicoceles since the 1970s. Despite its efficacy, minimally invasive technique, and short learning curve it is not routinely used in the United Kingdom. With the prospect of an increase in varicocele operations, with the European and American Associations of Urology now advocating for treatment in sub-fertile men with clinical varicoceles, we aim to look at the experiences of this procedure in a UK urology unit. Method A retrospective review of antegrade sclerotherapy for varicoceles within a single centre in North Wales. The primary outcome being clinical recurrence and secondary outcomes of fertility and radiation exposure. Results 37 patients with a median age of 28 (range 14-65) were included. 35 out of 37 patients had a reported pre-operative scrotal ultrasound showing a left sided varicocele. The most common indication for procedure was pain (70.3%) followed by subfertility (21.6%). 45.9% were exposed to only 1 shot of radiation during the procedure. The median follow up was 3 months and only 2 patients had clinical recurrence and there were no significant complications (Clavien-Dindo > 3). 3 of 8 patients with subfertility had successful paternity. Another 4 patients had semen analysis, all of them had improved sperm count, motility, morphology postoperatively. Conclusions Antegrade sclerotherapy shows favourable outcome of only 5.4% recurrence accompanied with low dose of radiation. 37.5% of sub fertile patient managed to achieve paternity. This is another viable treatment option for consideration in the treatment of varicoceles.

1173 What Influences Taylor Spatial Frame Effectiveness in the Treatment of Tibial Osteomyelitis? A Major Trauma Centre Perspective

Abstract Aim Treatment of tibial osteomyelitis can be challenging, with numerous complications possible during rehabilitation. We report on the usage of the Taylor Spatial Frame (TSF) and analyse factors that affect outcomes. Method Between 2015-2020, 51 patients were treated with TSF for osteomyelitis at a Major Trauma Centre. Demographic, infection, and treatment factors were collected, with microbiology results, antibiotic treatment regimes, and time to partial weight-bear (PWB) and full weight-bear (FWB) prescriptions also noted. Outcomes of complications and time to union were obtained. Results Radiological union was achieved at mean 11.0 months. Mean follow up was 24.1 months. Six/three patients were further treated with fusion/amputation respectively. Mean treatment time with TSF was 12.1 months. 78% had some complications, with pin-site infection, malunion, and non-union being most prevalent. Staphylococcus epidermidis in bone debridement microbiology was significantly negatively associated with pin-site infection (OR = 0.093, 95% CI [0.011-0.828] ) and malunion (OR = 0.698 95% CI[0.573-0.849]), and enterococcus with non-union (OR = 0.775, 95% CI [0.656-0.916] ), during the treatment period. Time to union was significantly positively associated with time from admission to debridement (p = 0.035), time TSF was in (p = 0.021), presence of any complications (p = 0.045), bone loss complication (p = 0.037), time to FWB prescription (p = 0.001). Conclusions We have analysed the effectiveness of TSF in the treatment of tibial osteomyelitis, and elucidated the most important injury, treatment and rehabilitation factors that affect outcome. The negative bacterial-complication cross associations could be due to successful eradication as culture specific antibiotics were used postoperatively. Earlier patient full weight bearing could enhance callous formation leading to faster union.

Cost-per-Response Analysis of Pure Hypochlorous Acid Among Patients with Chronic Venous Leg Ulcers: A Health Economic Analysis.

To estimate the total cost-per-wound healing response (CPR) and the per-day CPR of patients with chronic leg ulcers treated with pure hypochlorous acid (pHA) as part of their overall would healing regimen. The authors developed a deterministic decision-tree model to estimate the incremental CPR for pHA. The analysis was performed using clinical data from a published single-arm prospective study. The outcome of interest was re-epithelialization at 90 days. Economic data for pHA were based on public prices of pHA per dressing change from the wound care center perspective. The following time points were assessed: 90, 60, and 30 days. Dressing changes occurred every 2.5 days. Sensitivity analysis was performed to gauge the robustness of the results. A total of 31 patients (68% women) with 31 lesions (average age of wound, 29 months; range, 1-240 months) were included in the clinical study. Re-epithelialization occurred in 23 lesions (74%) at 90 days, 17 (55%) at 60 days, and 3 (10%) at 30 days. The total CPRs were $75.69, $68.27, and $193.44, and the per-day CPRs were $0.84, $1.13, and $6.45 at 90, 60, and 30 days, respectively. The sensitivity analysis revealed that CPRs ranged from $0.63 to $1.12 per day at 90 days. Incorporating pHA into standard wound healing protocols is a minimal added expense and may yield a substantial economic savings of $2,695 at 90 days.

Photoliterary memoryscape of Tomas Espedal: Mitt privatliv (2014) – a starting point in a journey to one’s past

Photography is inextricably coupled with temporal conditions. It is rooted in the past while concurrently referring to the recipient’s present and future. This article sheds light on the connection between photography, literature, and memory in Tomas Espedal’s photo book Mitt privatliv (2014; My private life). The central perspective of this paper is devoted to the link between the lyrical subject’s autobiographical memory and the individual memory of the reader. My goal is to analyze how the reader finds their point of view while confronted with the lyrical subject’s memoryscape from aesthetic, anthropological, and cognitive perspectives. Firstly, I discuss the form of Espedal’s Mitt privatliv and the book’s potential liberatic character. Secondly, in reference to François Soulages and John Berger, I show how the correlation between texts and photography affects memory functioning in a photobook. Finally, I ocus on the mechanisms of autobiographical memory, or, more precisely, how the subject’s and recipient’s memories relate to the book’s physicality, structure, and the interplay between the word and photography. Looking through the lenses of Paul Ricoeur, Aleida Assmann, and the social-communicative functions of memory, it turns out that Mitt privatliv is not just a created and closed story of a single subject; it is a story that stimulates the reader’s memory and thus impacts their understanding and constitution of their “self” in both individual and collective contexts.

Dialogicity as an educational practice with significant social implications

In this paper we explore the concept of dialogicity, taking a workshop offered to in-service indigenous teachers as a reference. This concept has been explored for decades in the academic literature. In recent years, it has gained greater importance, as official curricula in several countries have emphasized the importance of developing education that is more centered on the needs of learners. Although the general guidelines of these curricula are defined, the exercise of dialogue in classrooms involves the challenge of balancing the formal requirements of the various fields of knowledge with the students' own interests. Thus, in most cases, researchers examine dialogues in the classroom, verifying the extent to which teachers allow students to express themselves on issues specific to school knowledge. In this sense, it is still not the students’ existential questions that prevail, since the most valued results of the dialogues are already defined in advance. Such results will be related to the domain of school contents. Would it be possible to approach formal education in other ways? Would it be possible to prioritize questions raised by students? These are present challenges for educators who propose to approach teaching from a socially centered perspective. The workshop described in this paper constitutes an example of dialogicity exercised from an existential questioning formulated by the participating teachers. Such questioning was related to the creation of a numbering system that would suit their mother tongue. In that context, it can be inferred that there has been progress in the sense of understanding school practice as a possibility of broadening perceptions of the world through serious consideration of the needs formulated by the learners.

Traumatic Cervical spine injury epidemiology: a tertiary care center perspective in Nepal

Background: The epidemiology of traumatic cervical spine injury is not well documented in developing/ underdeveloped countries. There are a few single-centered studies on the epidemiology of cervical spine injury in Nepal. Objectives: This study aimed to explore the epidemiology of traumatic cervical spine injuries presented at Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Nepal. Methods: This was a retrospective study of individuals with traumatic cervical spine injuries admitted to the Department of Orthopedics from 2015 January to 2021 December. Data collection was done by using the International Spinal Cord Injury core data set (version 2) and International Spinal Cord Injury Spinal Column Injury Basic Data Set (version 1.0). Results: One hundred and forty-four patients were included of which the majority (68.8%) were males. The mean age of the patients was 47.89 ± 17 years. Fall injury was the most common etiology (79.2%). C2 was the most common level injured (28.5%). Patients with ASIA A neurology was 18% and surgical treatment was given to nearly 60%. The patients had a median hospital stay of 9 days (4- 16) and a mortality of 4.2%. Conclusion: There was a male predominance with a recent increase in the female proportion for traumatic cervical spine injury. Fall was the most common etiology with the majority of patients in their 30s and 40s. Surgical treatment is more preferred recently. The mortality rate was relatively low which needs further investigation.

Unmet care needs of patients with advanced cancer and their relatives: multicentre observational study

ObjectivesThe care needs of patients with advanced cancer and their relatives change throughout the disease trajectory. This study focused on the care-related problems and needs of patients with advanced cancer...

Hacking the topographic ruggedness index

The topographic ruggedness index (TRI) is widely adopted for the analysis of digital elevation models, providing information on local surface spatial variability. In this work, the TRI is interpreted according to a geostatistical perspective, highlighting its main characteristics and drawbacks. TRI can be interpreted as an omnidirectional short-range spatial variability index, computed according to a pixel centered perspective. The simplicity and interpretability of the index, free from user-dependent selections, promoted its implementation in several software environments and its application in a wide set of case studies. However, the index has several drawbacks for its application in earth sciences, such as a strong dependency on local slope (it is basically an average adjacent neighbor slope algorithm) and the selection of different lag distances in the computation of spatial variability along the main directions and the diagonal ones. We propose a new metric radial roughness index (RRI) in order to solve the main drawbacks of TRI but maintaining its main philosophy (i.e., pixel centered perspective and simplicity of the algorithm). The new index corrects for the differences in lag distances and resolves the dependency on trend using increments of order 2. The code of the index, implemented in R statistical language, and test data are provided with the paper (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7132160) to promote its implementation in other software environments.

Talcott Parsons’s sociology of education: cognitive rationality and normative functionalism

Talcott Parsons did not leave us with a global and consistent sociology of education. Instead, different aspects can be found in Parsons’s oeuvre in different theoretical contexts. This paper summarises these different parts of Parsons’s sociology of education – his writings on the concepts of education and socialisation, the university, the school, the professions, and modernisation – and discusses central criticisms and perspectives for further theoretical development. The paper goes on to argue that the value of cognitive rationality serves as a common basis of Parsons’s sociology of education and that Parsons’s sociology of education should be characterised as normative functionalist. Since the current sociology of education does not deal very intensely with Parsons’s theoretical approach, the paper also considers references to other authors and the relevance for current questions and research in the sociology of education.

Predictors for infection severity for open tibial fractures: major trauma centre perspective

IntroductionOpen diaphyseal tibial fractures are the most common long-bone fractures and require a rapid approach to prevent devastating complications. Current literature reports the outcomes of open tibial fractures. However, there is no robust, up-to-date research on the predictive indicators of infection severity in a large open tibial fracture patient cohort. This study investigated the predictive factors of superficial infections and osteomyelitis in open tibial fractures.Materials and methodsA retrospective analysis of the tibial fracture database was carried out from 2014 to 2020. Criteria for inclusion was any tibial fracture including tibial plateau, shaft, pilon or ankle, with an open wound at the fracture site. Exclusion criteria included patients with a follow-up period of less than 12 months and who are deceased. A total of 235 patients were included in our study, of which 154 (65.6%), 42 (17.9%), and 39 (16.6%) developed no infection, superficial infection, or osteomyelitis, respectively. Patient demographics, injury characteristics, fracture characteristics, infection status and management details were collected for all patients.ResultsOn multivariate modelling, patients with BMI > 30 (OR = 2.078, 95%CI [1.145–6.317], p = 0.025), Gustilo-Anderson (GA) type III (OR = 6.120, 95%CI [1.995–18.767], p = 0.001), longer time to soft tissue cover (p = 0.006) were more likely to develop a superficial infection, and patients with wound contamination (OR = 3.152, 95%CI [1.079–9.207], p = 0.036), GA-3 (OR = 3.387,95%CI [1.103–10.405], p = 0.026), longer to soft tissue cover (p = 0.007) were more likely to develop osteomyelitis.Univariate analysis also determined that risk factors for superficial infection were: BMI > 35 (OR = 6.107, 95%CI [2.283–16.332], p = 0.003) and wound contamination (OR = 2.249, 95%CI [1.015–5.135], p = 0.047); whilst currently smoking (OR = 2.298, 95%CI [1.087–4.856], p = 0.025), polytrauma (OR = 3.212, 95%CI [1.556–6.629], p = 0.001), longer time to definitive fixation (p = 0.023) were for osteomyelitis. However, none of these reached significance in multivariate analysis.ConclusionHigher GA classification is a significant risk factor for developing superficial infection and osteomyelitis, with a stronger association with osteomyelitis, especially GA 3C fractures. Predictors for superficial infection included BMI and time to soft tissue closure. Time to definitive fixation, time to soft tissue closure, and wound contamination were associated with osteomyelitis.

Perspectives on Music Pedagogy in Informal, Performance-Based Learning

Music learning practices in formal settings, for example, in the classroom, generally apply structured and systematic curriculum-based learning strategies. The entire learning process has generally been organized and implemented with guidance and supervision by the teacher. In Indonesia, music learning in formal schools still applies the standardization of Western music theory. In fact, music learning practices that offer local pedagogical values provide a very diverse portrait. In higher education, music learning that applies local pedagogy has been going on for some time. The Music Education Study Program (PSPM) of Lampung University is one of the tertiary educational institutions that has implemented music learning practices based on local pedagogy. Learning practices that are also performance-based are carried out with "informal" stages and processes. This notion means that local pedagogy is based on informal music practices in Lampung society. Informal music learning practices have not been recognized as the curriculum of formal institutions. This article looks at the concept of Lampung local pedagogy applied in music performance-based learning practices in formal areas. The central theoretical perspective in this research uses Green's (2008) thoughts on informal learning in the classroom. Data were collected through observation and in-depth interviews with lecturers and students of levels 2 and 3. As a result, the concept of local music pedagogy that takes place in music performance-based learning at PSPM University of Lampung (1) provides opportunities for students to learn while creating; (2) provides space for collaboration and social participation; and (3) strengthens peer learning in groups.

Who Is Responsible for Nurse Wellbeing in a Crisis? A Single Centre Perspective

Background: Leadership during the COVID-19 pandemic often manifested as a command-and-control style of leadership which had detrimental emotional impacts on staff, particularly the nursing workforce. Leadership can have detrimental effects on staff wellbeing, or it can greatly boost their ability to handle a crisis. We sought to explore the interrelationship between leadership and nurses’ wellbeing in an inner-city university hospital during the initial wave of the pandemic. Methods: We conducted secondary analyses of interview data collected during a hospital-wide evaluation of barriers and facilitators to changes implemented to support the surge of COVID-19 related admissions during wave one. Data were collected through semi-structured video interviews during May–July 2020. Interviews were analysed using Framework analysis. Results: Thirty-one nurses participated, including matrons (n = 7), sisters (n = 8), and specialist nursing roles (n = 16). Three overarching themes were identified: the impact on nurses, personal factors, and organisational factors. The impact on nurses manifested as distress and fatigue. Coping and help-seeking behaviours were found to be the two personal factors which underpinned nurses’ wellbeing. The organisational factors that impacted nurses’ wellbeing included decision-making, duty, and teamwork. Conclusions: The wellbeing of the workforce is pivotal to the health service, and it is mutually beneficial for patients, staff, and leaders. Addressing how beliefs and misconceptions around wellbeing are communicated and accessing psychological support are key priorities to supporting nurses during pandemics.

Generalized central slice theorem perspective on Fourier-transform spectral imaging at a sub-Nyquist sampling rate.

Fourier-transform spectral imaging captures frequency-resolved images with high spectral resolution, broad spectral range, high photon flux, and low stray light. In this technique, spectral information is resolved by taking Fourier transformation of the interference signals of two copies of the incident light at different time delays. The time delay should be scanned at a high sampling rate beyond the Nyquist limit to avoid aliasing, at the price of low measurement efficiency and stringent requirements on motion control for time delay scan. Here we propose, what we believe to be, a new perspective on Fourier-transform spectral imaging based on a generalized central slice theorem analogous to computerized tomography, using an angularly dispersive optics decouples measurements of the spectral envelope and the central frequency. Thus, as the central frequency is directly determined by the angular dispersion, the smooth spectral-spatial intensity envelope is reconstructed from interferograms measured at a sub-Nyquist time delay sampling rate. This perspective enables high-efficiency hyperspectral imaging and even spatiotemporal optical field characterization of femtosecond laser pulses without a loss of spectral and spatial resolutions.

Typological features of eating disorder patients: A review of publications

Despite the fact that the development and course of various types of eating disorders, and therefore their treatment, largely depend on the typological characteristics of patients, this aspect has been understudied. The purpose of the study is to review the problem of providing psychological assistance to eating disorder patients with various typological features. Using methods of analysis, synthesis, and comparison, the paper emphasises the importance of typological features of eating disorder patients in providing psychotherapeutic care. Patients with certain personality traits, such as perfectionism, the need for control, and impulsivity, have been found to be prone to eating disorders, while these typological personality traits, along with many others, have been shown to help build treatment strategies for anorexia nervosa, compulsive overeating, and bulimia nervosa. The analysis showed that there are traits specific to certain eating disorders that can be reinforced in overcoming food addiction. The influence of personal characteristics on the choice of psychotherapy strategy and the possibility of forming psychotherapeutic relationships are covered. The importance of typological features of eating disorder patients in the provision of psychotherapeutic care is revealed. To enhance the effectiveness of selecting a psychotherapeutic care strategy and establishing psychotherapeutic relationships, this paper summarises the primary personal characteristics associated with different types of eating disorders. Attention is paid to typical behavioural manifestations in the presence of one of the types of eating disorders. The main prerequisites for the development of a personality prone to dependent behaviour are substantiated. The central perspective on the role of the family in the development of an eating disorder is established. The practical value of the study lies in the possibility of using the findings to expand the understanding of the typological features of patients with food addiction to provide effective psychotherapeutic care.