Talcott Parsons’s sociology of education: cognitive rationality and normative functionalism

Abstract

Talcott Parsons did not leave us with a global and consistent sociology of education. Instead, different aspects can be found in Parsons’s oeuvre in different theoretical contexts. This paper summarises these different parts of Parsons’s sociology of education – his writings on the concepts of education and socialisation, the university, the school, the professions, and modernisation – and discusses central criticisms and perspectives for further theoretical development. The paper goes on to argue that the value of cognitive rationality serves as a common basis of Parsons’s sociology of education and that Parsons’s sociology of education should be characterised as normative functionalist. Since the current sociology of education does not deal very intensely with Parsons’s theoretical approach, the paper also considers references to other authors and the relevance for current questions and research in the sociology of education.