Persons In India Research Articles

Interactive Effect of Caste and Disability: An Analysis

When Disability theory was formulated, the thinkers hadn’t imagined that their idea would intersect with multiple other concepts and themes; for example, Racial theory, then Feminism, Queer and LGTB. The disability theory originated on the western frontier, but its application requires contextualization and localization. This is the reason why, in the case of India, as a third-world country, needs multiple focus lenses for the applicability of disabled discourse; Dalit discourse is one such lens on which disability discourse can be tested, extended, and improvised. We here try to link "Dalit" as an identity with a disability, to understand its cumulative effect on the Dalit person with a disability. We believe that by taking this approach, we can raise the missing questions and assist the disability discourse in addressing the marginalised and neglected issues. In our analysis, we would first define the Disability and Dalit as distinct entities, and highlight the ordeal and discrimination they face. Then, we would take a look at the life of a Dalit person in India living with a disability, as we have described their situation as doubly disadvantageous and miserable, with particular mention of women with disabilities. We examined Indian laws related to, and addressed the problems of, both identities, and the intersection they forget. In conclusion, we would try to justify the need to look into the intersection of the Dalit identity with a disability, to address the raised concern regarding policy formulation and awareness in civil society and academia.

Choosing my gender: Challenges faced by transgender persons in India

The golden thread that runs through the equality scheme of the Indian Constitution (Articles 14, 15, 16, 19, and 21) is the “enjoyment of life by all citizens and an equal opportunity to grow as human beings irrespective of their race, caste, religion, community, social status, and gender.” One of the basic tenets of the equality scheme lies in the recognition and acknowledgment of the right of choice and self-determination. Nonrecognition of transgender in the Indian legal framework has resulted in the systematic denial of equal protection of the law and widespread socioeconomic discrimination in society at large as well as in Indian workplaces. The article below brings into discussion the significant challenges faced by the transgender population that further fuel their inability to uplift themselves in Indian society.

(2021) Volume 2, Issue 4 Cultural Implications of China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC Authors: Dr. Unsa Jamshed Amar Jahangir Anbrin Khawaja Abstract: This study is an attempt to highlight the cultural implication of CPEC on Pak-China relations, how it will align two nations culturally, and what steps were taken by the governments of two states to bring the people closer.

(2021) Volume 2, Issue 4 Cultural Implications of China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC Authors: Dr. Unsa Jamshed Amar Jahangir Anbrin Khawaja Abstract: This study is an attempt to highlight the cultural implication of CPEC on Pak-China relations, how it will align two nations culturally, and what steps were taken by the governments of two states to bring the people closer.

Development of the first DNA database and identification portal for identification of Unidentified bodies in India – UMID

Identifying missing persons and unidentified dead bodies is a well-documented global problem in recent years. To curb this issue, countries such as the USA, UK, and Australia already have well-established DNA databases. Considering the alarming number of unidentified/unclaimed dead bodies reported in India every year, it is evident that the current practices are not sufficient to establish their identities. Forensic medicine professionals are ethically, morally, and dutybound to collect information about missing and unidentified persons and work with the government agencies to determine their identity. Concerning the social and public interest, we have developed the first-ever identification portal and DNA database of unidentified dead bodies autopsied at the Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, AIIMS, New Delhi, India. After the investigation officer's informed consent, biological samples from unidentified dead bodies and a detailed phenotypic description, anthropological data and other visual characteristics of the deceased are recorded at the time of autopsy. This information is uploaded on our database which is available for public access, and the genotypic information generated through STR analysis is only available for internal usage.Claimants (biological relatives) may browse through the URL (https://umid-aiims.icmr.org.in/), and if they wish to claim an unidentified dead body, they may approach as per the given guidelines. The DNA profiles generated include a total of 16 STRs (15 autosomal tetranucleotide microsatellite STRs and 1 Sex Chromosome Specific STR). The claimant's STR profile is run through the questioned database to look for a potential match. If positive, the investigating officer of that particular case is informed for further necessary action. Until December 2020, our database consisted the information of 255 individuals and two unidentified cadavers were identified. This project's success can also lead to a pioneering National DNA database of unidentified and missing persons in India.

Prevalence and factors contributing to primary sarcopenia in relatively healthy older Indians attending the outpatient department in a tertiary care hospital: A cross-sectional study.

BackgroundLiterature is scarce on primary sarcopenia among Indian older adults. This study was aimed to estimate the prevalence of primary sarcopenia among older persons in India using the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in the Older People 2010 (EWGSOP) diagnostic criteria and to elucidate the factors leading to its development.MethodologyTwo hundred twenty‐seven subjects over 60 years of age attending the geriatric outpatient clinic were recruited for the study. Sarcopenia was diagnosed based on set criteria for gait speed, handgrip, and skeletal muscle mass assessment by dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry.ResultThe prevalence of primary sarcopenia in the study population was 39.2% (n = 89). Male patients were more sarcopenic than women, 47% (n = 72) vs 23% (n = 17). Obese subjects (body mass index > 25 kg/m2) had a lower prevalence of sarcopenia (odds ratio = 0.10; 95% confidence interval = 0.05–0.19). There was no association between sarcopenia and other postulated risk factors like low vitamin D levels, dietary protein or carbohydrate intake, or sedentary lifestyle.ConclusionContrary to published data, primary sarcopenia appears to be higher among older Indians using presently available guidelines. Community studies with validated cutoffs suited for the Indian subcontinent may yield a lower prevalence of primary sarcopenia.

Functional Disability among Middle-aged Adults in India

Introduction: There is a lack of research in investigating functional disability (FD) among middle-aged populations. The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence and correlates of FD among middle-aged persons in India. Methods: The national cross-sectional sample consisted of 34,098 persons (45–59 years) from the Longitudinal Aging Study in India Wave 1 in 2017–2018. FD was assessed with difficulties of six items in activities in daily living (ADL) and seven items in instrumental activities in daily living (IADL). Results: The prevalence of 0 ADL/IADL was 70.7%, 1 ADL/IADL 10.4%, and 2 or more ADL/IADL 18.9%. The overall prevalence of ADL difficulty was 9.9% and IADL difficulty 26.5%. In the adjusted logistic regression analysis, older age (55–59 years) (adjusted relative risk ratio: 1.45, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.23–1.70), having no education (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.79, 95% CI: 1.54–2.07), poor or fair self-rated health status (AOR: 2.06, 95% CI: 1.81–2.34), 2 or more chronic conditions (AOR: 1.67, 95% CI: 1.39–2.01), insomnia symptoms (AOR: 1.86, 95% CI: 1.57–2.20), major depressive disorder (AOR: 1.66, 95% CI: 1.39–1.99), physical pain (AOR: 1.42, 95% CI: 1.22–1.65), poor distant vision (AOR: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.17–1.62), hearing or ear problem (AOR: 1.39, 95% CI: 1.10–1.74), falls (AOR: 1.34, 95% CI: 1.15–1.55), and poor word recall (AOR: 1.60, 95% CI: 1.30–1.97) were positively associated with 2 or more ADL/IADL. In addition, male sex (AOR: 0.37, 95% CI: 0.31–0.45), and urban residence (AOR: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.58-0.84) were negatively associated with 2 or more ADL/IADL. Conclusion: Almost two in five middle-aged adults in India had 2 or more ADL/IADL and several associated factors were identified.

Assess the Patient’s Perspicacity Regarding Triple Vessel Disease and Its Management

Background: The single greatest killer in both females and males globally is cardiovascular disease. Coronary artery disease, commonly known as ischemic heart disease, is described as “impairment of heart function induced by obstructive alterations in the coronary circulation to the heart, caused by inadequate blood flow to the heart relative to its needs.” There are 4.5 million persons in India who suffer from coronary artery disease.
 Objective: In this study planned to determine the patient’s perception regarding triple vessel disease and its management and to associate the demographic variable with the patient’s perception regarding triple vessel disease and its management.
 Methodology: It is a descriptive research design used in this research study conducted on patients are having triple vessel disease. The purposive sampling technique is used to select samples for analysis. This research study included 45 patients of a selected hospital in Wardha district. Patients must select according to requirements for inclusion and exclusion. For this study, patients who had triple vessel disease would mainly take.
 Expected Results: The patients are having good perception or may be having bad perception.
 Conclusion: The conclusion will be drawn from the results. The patient’s will be having good or bad perception regarding triple vessel disease and its management.

Statelessness And The Citizenship Amendment Act, 2019: The Case Of Sri Lankan Tamil Refugees

For decades since the Sri Lankan civil war, Sri Lankan Tamil refugees have lived as stateless persons in India. However, India does not recognise “refugees” and “stateless persons” as legally separate categories, and treats them in a common immigration system with “ foreigners”. This conflation of citizenship law with the immigration regime is a result of the introduction of the category of “illegal migrant” as a determinative tool of Indian citizenship. This paper explores recent shifts in Indian citizenship laws, which have been embroiled in the tension between jus soli and jus sanguinis bases of citizenship, particularly with the category of “illegal migrant” and the Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019, and their impact on Sri Lankan Tamil refugees’ citizenship. This paper finds that despite the influence of international human rights, formal citizenship continues to be the clinching factor in Sri Lankan Tamil refugees’ quality and security of life in India today – an echo of Hannah Arendt’s conception of the “right to have rights”, by which she meant that the right to citizenship is a gateway for an individual to access all other rights. Against this backdrop, this paper suggests interim solutions for Sri Lankan Tamil refugees to secure formal citizenship in India, and in particular, the role of courts in crafting jurisprudence that would support the alleviation of their statelessness. In the same breath, this paper strongly argues in favour of, first, the need for a forward-looking reconceptualization of Indian citizenship laws based on the jus soli principle; and second, a recognition of India’s burden under the UN Conventions on statelessness to reduce and prevent statelessness, particularly through eliminating documentation-heavy citizenship determinations.

English

The worldwide catastrophe that has erupted in response to the transmission of COVID-19 has sparked a number of concerns regarding the effect of the lockdown on people with mental health issues and unhealthy lifestyle. The dataset provided here is an evaluation of the mental anguish reported by persons in India after lockdown was implemented as a strategy to stop the spreading of the Coronavirus. The data was gathered by an online survey that included a 9-item socio-demographic question and perhaps even the implementation of the quick summary of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12 items) created by the University of Michigan (Goldberg, 1972). The data was collected between May 6th and 15th, 2020, during India's third stage of lockdown. The Google documents comprising the study's questions were distributed to the general community via emails & social media platforms such as WhatsApp and Facebook. As a result, individuals who took the time to fill out the completed questionnaires were counted as survey respondents. The information is useful for determining the extent and severity of psychological suffering experienced by Indians throughout the COVID-19 crisis. It could also be beneficial to the country.

Primary mental health care for older persons in India: how age-inclusive are public policies?

The need to improve the primary mental healthcare system in India has gained increasing public health attention. Concomitantly, efforts to frame and develop appropriate public mental health care through legislation and related strategies and programmes have been undertaken. Because older people in India are particularly prone to mental health problems, this study explores the inclusiveness of Indian public policies in addressing the primary mental health care needs of older people from a cross-policy perspective. The basis of this thematic document analysis is 41 key national strategic documents (1999-2018) from different thematically grouped policy fields. In the context of population ageing, socio-economic challenges for older people and changing family norms, the policies delineate a pronounced interest in old-age-inclusive primary mental health care, whereas international policies are regarded as important reference points. While some of the policies address older persons as a vulnerable group in general, others delineate a more differentiated picture of the older population. Moreover, as new rights with implications for old-age mental health care, including community-based access to mental health care, have emerged, an integrated old-age mental healthcare policy spanning across sectors remains absent. Although old-age-inclusive primary mental health care is an emerging trend in India, its development as a cross-cutting policy issue remains in its infancy. Accordingly, unambiguous integrated policy approaches are needed to address the complex mental healthcare needs of older persons, and further research should be undertaken to focus on mental healthcare strategies and approaches at the primary care level.

India Program Against Cancer

Worldwide, one in eight deaths is due to cancer. Projections based on the GLOBOCAN 2012 estimates predict a substantive increase new cancer cases per year by 2035 in developing countries if preventive measures are not widely applied. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), millions of lives could be saved each year if countries made use of existing knowledge and the best cost-effective methods to prevent and treat cancer. Therefore, the aim of this study is to estimate a provisional budget against cancer in low and middle incomes countries, according the GNI-PPP, the cancer incidence and the number of population. Economically country classification is determining with the Gross national income (GNI), per capita, Purchasing power parity (PPP), according the administrations of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the World Bank (WB) and the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). Cancer incidence data presented are based on the most recent data available at IARC. However, population compares estimates from the US Bureau of the Census. The provisional budget is establishing among the guidelines developed by WHO for regional and national cancer control programs according to national economic development. Provisional budget against cancer is estimated to 17,036,185.5 (thousands of U.S $) for a population of 1,281,935,911 persons in India.

In The Wake Of Equality – The Realization of The Rights of Transgender Persons in India

The right to recognition as a person before the law is guaranteed in numerous international human rights conventions, and is a fundamental aspect of affirming the dignity and worth of each person. Legal gender recognition is also an essential element of other fundamental rights including to privacy, to freedom of expression, to be free from arbitrary arrest, and rights related to employment, education, health, security, access to justice, and the ability to move freely. The transgender community in India were an ignored segment of the society and faced deep and pervasive discrimination, despite protection under various provisions of the Constitution. In April, 2014, Supreme Court in its landmark judgment of NALSA v. Union of India (hereinafter the NALSA judgment) ushered in the recognition of various civil and political rights of the transgender community. The genesis of this recognition lies in the acknowledgment of equal worth of every person and the right of choice given to an individual which is the inseparable part of human rights. This article understands the terminology ‘transgender’ in Indian context by assessing the interpretation of the hon’ble Supreme Court of India in various judgments. Further, it studies the process of recognition of the rights of the transgenders in India inclusive of a timeline from past to present. Thereafter, this article elaborates the gains of the transgenders in India from the beneficial legislations enacted for their upliftment and emphasizes on the Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, 2019.

Redesigning the infrastructure for inclusive development of differently-abled imperatives

Quality of life is a function of many intricate factors; to an extent a matter of content, but the disability and related issues in life of disabled remains a puzzle with many exceptional empirical metaphors. A disabled person in developed nations might have far better life than for a normal person in India. It is lack of the opportunities to lead a life of dignity that cripple them. The set back of disabilities is negated by the shelters of an enabling societal atmosphere. It is the Universal access and education that boon them. The state reservation for employment is giving a relaxation on upper age limit also projects a number of issues like working conditions largely viewed as courtesy. The state lacks data on disability inclusion lack of consistency in pursuing policy is yet another drawback of our governance.

Violence against HIV positive women: A study on female HIV patients

India has a sharp increase in the number of its people living with HIV, from a few thousand in the early 1990s to around 2.47 million persons in India living with HIV (equivalent to 0.36 percent of the adult population) in 2007. With a population of over one billion, the HIV epidemic in India will have a major impact on overall spread of HIV in Asia and the Pacific and indeed worldwide. The first AIDS case in India was detected in 1986 among few sex workers in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, and since then HIV infection has been reported in all States and Union Territories. The spread of HIV within the country is as diverse as the societal patterns between its different regions, states and metropolitan areas. In fact, HIV in India exists in a number of epidemics, and in some places they occur within the states. The epidemics vary, from states with mainly heterosexuals transmission of HIV, to some states where injecting drugs use is the main route of HIV transmission.

Tribal Odisha Eye Disease Study (TOES) Report # 9. Eye diseases and retinal disorders in an adult and elderly tribal community in Odisha, India - A community hospital-based study.

Purpose:To measure the proportion of people with major ophthalmic and retinal disorders in the tribal and non-tribal people presenting to a community eye hospital in an Indian state with a sizeable tribal population.Methods:Hospital-based cross-sectional retrospective study of all new adult patients, examined between September 2015 and June 2020. A tribal was defined as per the Indian ethnic classification. Blindness and visual impairment were defined as per the WHO standards. Diabetes and hypertension were defined as per Indian standards. The proportion of common ophthalmic and retinal disorders between the tribal and non-tribal community were compared.Results:This cohort consisted of 76,166 people (45.8%; n = 34,869, tribal); 39.4% (n = 29,989; non-tribal 23.6% and tribal 15.8%) people had ophthalmic disorders. In the examined people 2.3% were blind (higher in tribal community 4.7% versus 0.8%; P < 0.001) and 8.4% had moderate-to-severe visual impairment (higher in tribal community 14.4% versus 4.4%; P < 0.001). Refractive error (64.4%; higher in non-tribal community, 77.3% versus 44.6%, P < 0.001) and operable cataract (23.9%; higher in tribal community, 40.9% versus 11.8%, P < 0.001) were the principal ophthalmic disorders. Retinal disorders were higher in non-tribal people (5.9% vs. 2.9%; P < 0.001), but the tribal group had higher proportion of retinitis pigmentosa (20% vs. 6.4%; P < 0.001) and lower proportion of diabetic retinopathy (8% vs. 40.7%; P < 0.001).Conclusion:The health-seeking behavior of the tribal community in India is low. A tribal person in India apparently visits the hospital when vision is grossly affected. It calls for greater advocacy, increased access to healthcare, and a larger population-based study.

Rights of disabled persons in India

Rights of disabled persons in India

Protective effects of neighborhood community factors on elder abuse in India

ABSTRACT Elder abuse impacts one in six older persons globally. Most studies of elder abuse have focused on risk factors rather than protective factors, individual-level factors rather than structural factors, and developed countries rather than developing countries where resources are scarce. The current study addressed these gaps by examining whether neighborhood social cohesion and physical order could be such structural-level protective factors for older persons in India. Our cohort consisted of 541 participants aged 60 and over in the pilot wave of the Longitudinal Aging Study in India. We found that older persons with high neighborhood social cohesion were 38% less likely to experience abuse compared to older persons with low cohesion (OR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.39–0.99). Similarly, participants with high neighborhood physical order were 48% less likely to experience abuse compared to older persons with low physical order (OR = 0.52, 95% CI = 0.32–0.83). Both models adjusted for relevant covariates. Policies supporting greater cohesion and order in communities could reap significant health benefits for older persons.

Benefits and adverse effects associated with yoga practice: A cross-sectional survey from India

ObjectiveBenefits and adverse effects of yoga were reported in surveys from different countries. The present study aimed to (i) determine the benefits and adverse effects of yoga in yoga experienced persons in India and (ii) correlate these effects of yoga with factors related to the individual and their yoga practice. Design and settingThis convenience sampling in-person survey reports benefits and adverse effects of yoga in 3135 yoga experienced persons. ResultsThe benefits of yoga were reported by 94.5 percent of the respondents. The three most common benefits were improvement in: (i) physical fitness, (ii) mental state and (iii) cognitive functions. An adverse effect of yoga was reported by 1.9 percent of the respondents. The three most common adverse effects reported were: (i) soreness and pain, (ii) muscle injuries and (iii) fatigue. The following factors showed a significant association (in all cases p < 0.05 Chi square test; Cramer’s V > 0.10) with reported benefits of yoga: (i) experience of yoga in months, (ii) time spent practicing yoga in a week, (iii) number of yoga techniques practiced, and (iv) whether awareness was maintained during the yoga practice or not. ConclusionBenefits of yoga practice to physical health were the most common, with soreness and pain the most common adverse effect of yoga. Yoga practice related factors influence the benefits of yoga.

A statistical analysis of COVID-19 using Gaussian and probabilistic model

SARS Cov-2, COVID-19 (Coronavirus) emerged in Wuhan in early December 2019 and then spread exponentially across the globe. Although, a series of prevention strategies (lockdown, social-distancing) have been enforced to control this pandemic. In this study, we have made statistical analysis in terms of Gaussian modeling, ANOVA test and probabilistic model. After applying ANOVA we can conclude that the recovery rate for all the countries are significantly higher than the mortality rate except for the UK where the mortality rate is significantly higher than the recovery rate. Gaussian modeling applied here was able to predict the original peak values of confirmed cases of countries. Using the probabilistic model we were able to predict that there is around 5% probability that a person in India will be tested positive for COVID-19 on 100 tests.

Socio-Economic Conditions Of Differently-Abled Persons In India – An Emperical Study Based On Secondary Data

Socio-Economic Conditions Of Differently-Abled Persons In India – An Emperical Study Based On Secondary Data