Shortage Of Personnel Research Articles

Impact of policy reforms on hospital-at-home services: an interrupted time series analysis of Shanghai

BackgroundThe global rise in elderly populations and chronic disease patients has increased the demand for hospital-at-home (HaH) services, which could help reduce hospitalization costs.ObjectiveTo assess the impact of two policies on the implementation of HaH services in Shanghai.MethodsA two-stage interrupted time series (ITS) analysis with a control group was conducted to examine changes in three areas—institutional capacity, home-based medical services, and HaH beds—using 11 indicators from 2007 to –2022 across all community health service centres and hospitals providing HaH services.ResultsAfter the first policy was implemented, the number of institutions providing HaH services significantly increased (β1+ β3+β5+ β7=8.200,P<0.001). HaH beds in hospitals increased after the first policy was implemented (β3= 247.717 ,P< 0.01) but decreased after the second policy was implemented (β1+ β3+β9 = -76.500, P < 0.01). In community health service centres (stations), the number of active HaH beds per 10,000 population at year-end (beds/10,000 people) increased significantly after the first policy implementation (β1+ β3+β5+ β7= 0.406 ,P< 0.001), with a significant increase in the slope difference compared with hospitals (β5+ β7 =0.429 ,P < 0.001).ConclusionThese policies may increase the number of HaH institutions and beds but decrease home-based medical visits, likely due to the risks of home care and a shortage of health care personnel. Further policy support is needed to meet the growing demand for home-based services in China.

Digital and technological modernization of the world's largest West Siberian oil and gas production center

The article examines the results of digital and technological modernization of the oil and gas industry within the framework of the state program "Digital Economy 2017-2024" in the implementation of measures proposed by academic institutes of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the basis of a comprehensive scientific and technical program of a full innovation cycle, as well as the potential of exploratory and applied research to prepare a new state program "Data Economy" for the period up to 2030 of the year. The activities are a set of interrelated scientific, technical, digital solutions and innovative technologies that ensure the achievement of goals, developed with the leading participation of the Institute of Oil and Gas Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Institute of Oil and Gas Geology and Geophysics named after. A. A. Trofimuk SB RAS, program “Digital and technological modernization of the world’s largest West Siberian oil and gas production center.” The main goal of scientific research for the oil and gas economy of big geodata is the creation and implementation of digital modeling technologies, the development of ecosystems, computing platforms and digital twins of oil and gas assets, and the transportation of hydrocarbons to existing and newly created petrochemical clusters in order to develop the domestic market for their complete processing into products with high added value and strengthening the digital leadership of Russian energy companies. The key factor hindering the innovative development of the Russian oil and gas complex is the lack of high-performance computing systems. The main oil and gas tasks that require the involvement of supercomputers with peta- and exascale performance levels (1015 and 1018 floating point operations per second, respectively) include the tasks of managing the “digital ecosystem” of the world’s largest West Siberian oil and gas production center and unique oil and gas fields in the real time. The development of the digital ecosystem is proposed to be formed on the basis of platform solutions and comprehensive scientific and technical programs and projects of a full innovation cycle. The main problems in the sphere of creating a digital energy economy of big data have been identified: an acute shortage of personnel with digital competencies in the field of oil and gas production, specialists in opticalization, multisensorization, supercomputing, cybersecurity and petrorobotics.

THE PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES IN HEALTH CARE FIELD UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF MARTIAL STATE

In the conditions of martial state, the need for fast and accurate processing of large volumes of information, especially in the field of health care, is increasing. This is due to a lack of resources, an increase in the number of victims of military operations, displaced persons, the complication of access to medical services in connection with hostilities, the loss of individual specialists and information arrays, as well as increased risks for information security and the entire process of public management of information technologies in the health care field. The public administration of information technologies in health care is becoming critical to ensure the stability of healthcare services, support communications between healthcare facilities and government agencies, and effectively process and protect healthcare data. The analysis of scientific works on the issue of the public administration of information technologies in health care under the conditions of martial state is insufficiently researched. The article highlights the main challenges of the industry related to the war: ensuring the continuity of medical services, the appropriateness of public administration decision-making in conditions of limited access to open information, problems with logistics, and stable power supply, information protection and cyber security, shortage of qualified personnel; adopted management decisions, and information technology tools, which were used by authorities at the state and regional levels to respond to new challenges, were investigated. In the article, we are offered some recommendations for the further development and management of information technologies in the healthcare field. The main ones are further measures to strengthen cybersecurity, namely the widespread implementation of the Digital Competency Framework for Healthcare Workers in various areas, the implementation of modern information protection systems, the implementation of an information security policy, measures to legalize and update software, deepening the integration of mHealth into the existing eHealth system to enable rapid and remote collection of medical information and the introduction of artificial intelligence elements into healthcare management processes.

A temporary hospital intensive care unit: a preparedness concept to increase intensive care capacity

IntroductionNorway faced the possibility of the most significant strain on its intensive care capacity in decades during the COVID-19 pandemic. All Regional Health Authorities in Norway were instructed to prepare for an increase in Intensive Care Units (ICU) capacity demands. To address the surge in demand for critical care, a gymnasium within Haukeland University Hospital premises was planned to be used as a 20-bed temporary ICU. A team-based care approach was trained, where non-ICU nurses received specialized training to support ICU procedures. Maintaining up-to-date medical devices and consumables stored for preparedness through a planned rotation system that feeds into daily use are important. While shortages of medical equipment, hospital beds, and intensive care facilities may occur, personnel shortages are likely to be more significant.ConclusionsThe concept demonstrates promising potential in enhancing preparedness and maintaining critical care surge capacity during pandemics or mass casualty incidents.

Establishing a telemedical supported trans-sectoral collaboration network from community support to emergency care for outpatient care recipients: study protocol of a prospective non-randomized complex intervention study with a pragmatic approach, Stay@Home – Treat@Home

BackgroundDemographic changes in Germany are increasing the number of outpatient care recipients, who often resort to emergency care due to difficulties accessing timely outpatient medical care. Previous studies suggest that early detection and telemedical interventions could reduce unnecessary hospitalizations. The new form of healthcare aims to provide continuous, flexible healthcare for outpatient care recipients using digital technologies to detect health deteriorations and facilitate interventions at home. The goal of our study is to evaluate, whether the number of emergency situations and hospital stays will be reduced, and health outcomes will be improved compared to standard care.MethodsIn this prospective non-randomized complex intervention study with a pragmatic approach, we aim to evaluate a new form of healthcare focused on establishing an interdisciplinary network for outpatient care in the homes of care-dependent individuals. Utilizing a digital interactive health diary, health data will be gathered from participants, caregivers, and healthcare providers, covering both stable primary care and acute situations. A telemedical network will coordinate measures, including non-medical aid, nursing care, and medical assistance. A total of 1,500 participants will be recruited for the intervention group, matched with a control group from health insurance data. A second control group with n=300 will provide self-reported measures. The study is planned to span eight quarters, with data collected from the digital interactive health diary and health insurance records. Evaluation perspectives include health insurance, patients, and healthcare providers, assessing utilization and costs compared to standard care, health status, health-related quality of life, care dependency, interdisciplinary cooperation, and usability of the new technology.DiscussionDemographic change results in a larger older people population, exacerbating mobility issues and care dependency, worsened by the shortage of medical personnel. Stay@Home – Treat@Home aims to enable home health monitoring and care, reducing hospitalizations. The digital interactive health diary supports direct communication, allows remote monitoring, and empowers patients and caregivers to manage health changes. Nursing aid personnel and physicians can access entries for informed interventions. The development of the digital interactive health diary aims to improve the situation of care-dependent individuals. Evaluating its effectiveness and efficiency is crucial for the development and implementation of new technologies.Trial registrationGerman Clinical Trials Register, ID: DRKS00034260, registered on May 14, 2024 (retrospectively registered): https://drks.de/search/de/trial/DRKS00034260 and https://who.int/clinical-trials-registry-platform/network/who-data-set.

Service Quality Standards and Organisation Performance of Private Hospitals in Eldoret City, Kenya

The private health sector has received much attention in recent times and is crucial in the expansion of access to quality healthcare. The majority of private hospitals in the country are undergoing performance challenges due to the inability to retain and satisfy their customers. Because of the improvements in health provision by county governments, private hospitals are facing increasing performance challenges due shortage of human resource personnel, shortage of medical services and inadequate medical infrastructure. Therefore, this study sought to find how the level of implementation of service quality standards affected the organisation performance of private hospitals. This study is supported by the Service Quality (SERVQUAL) model. The study is quantitative in nature guided by correlational research design. The study was conducted in Eldoret town covering major hospitals classified from Level 3B and above. The target population involved 1875 employees from 25 private hospitals in Eldoret town. A sample size of 319 respondents was chosen through the Cochran sample size formula to be representative of the whole population. The respondents (319) out of 1875 were selected using stratified and random sampling techniques. The research instrument used in data collection was a questionnaire. Data analysis was undertaken through the use of descriptive statistics; frequencies, percentages, means and standard deviation inferential statistics; correlation and linear regression with the help of Statistical Product and Service Solutions computer software. Findings showed service quality standards (β=0.240) had a significant positive effect on the performance of private hospitals in Eldoret town. It is concluded that the performance of hospitals is dependent on the extent to which service quality standards were implemented by the management of private hospitals in Eldoret. The study recommends that private hospitals regularly collect customers’ feedback to improve the standards of services/ The study findings provide solutions to private hospitals on the way to improve their performance through the adoption of quality healthcare service strategies in the delivery of services to patients

Implementasi Kebijakan Pembangunan Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya Terpusat di Daerah Permukiman Wilayah Pesisir Kota Bontang

This study examines the implementation of centralized Solar Power Plant (PLTS) development policies in the coastal area of Bontang City as part of efforts to meet the increasing national energy demand. PLTS was chosen due to its renewable, environmentally friendly, and efficient nature, leveraging Indonesia's abundant solar radiation. Using a qualitative approach, the study reviews policy implementation based on the four main dimensions of George C. Edward III's theory: communication, resources, implementers’ disposition, and bureaucratic structure. The findings reveal that communication among policy implementers, the community, and stakeholders has been effective through various formal and informal channels, although challenges remain in disseminating information to remote coastal communities. In terms of resources, facilities and information related to the policy are deemed adequate, but there is a shortage of technical personnel and local operators, impacting policy execution. Additionally, limited government budgets pose a significant barrier to PLTS maintenance and operations. The disposition of implementers reflects strong commitment and responsibility, including the recruitment of local labor as operators, although heavy workloads and equipment theft issues hinder effectiveness. The bureaucratic structure, based on standard operating procedures (SOPs), has supported systematic coordination and policy implementation. Overall, the study concludes that the implementation of centralized PLTS development policies in the coastal area of Bontang City has been relatively effective. However, enhancements in human resources, increased budget allocation, and stricter supervision and facility protection are required. The study recommends closer collaboration among central and local governments, communities, and the private sector to ensure the sustainability of PLTS as an innovative and environmentally friendly energy solution for coastal areas.

УПРАВЛЕНИЕ КОРПОРАТИВНЫМ ЧЕЛОВЕЧЕСКИМ КАПИТАЛОМ В УСЛОВИЯХ ТРАНСФОРМАЦИИ РОССИЙСКОЙ ЭКОНОМИКИ

Currently, the Russian economy is charac-terized, on the one hand, by a shortage of personnel, on the other hand, by the need for structural adjustment, technological de-velopment and increased labor productivity. In these conditions, the burden on the for-mation and development of human capital largely falls on the business sector. The article presents an analysis of the factors and trends of the transformation of the Russian economy and the impact of the latter on the practice of corporate human capital management.

‘But I have a cat, I have to talk to her now’: a qualitative study on reasons for not participating in guideline-based aphasia therapy from the perspective of patients in German-speaking countries

ObjectivesClinical guidelines recommend high-frequency speech therapy for people with aphasia. Little is known about the experiences of people with aphasia with high-frequency speech therapy, why they do not receive it,...

Military censorship in Russia in 1914‒1918: structure, features of work, documentary legacy

The relevance of the research topic is related to the continuing problems of control and access to information in the modern information society.The purpose of the study is to provide a systematic understanding of military censorship in Russia in 1914-1918 in the context of the development of the late Imperial state mechanism. Objectives analysis of the structure, activities, and personnel of military censorship in Russia during the First World War; concentration of currently available information on documents of military censorship stored in various Russian and foreign archives.Methodology. The historical and typological method was used to analyze the structure and functions of military censorship, and the historical and genetic method was used to study its development during the First World War. The study of the personnel, the peculiarities of the work of different areas of censorship was carried out using the historical and comparative method.Results. The paper analyzes the legislative framework, structure and directions of military censorship in Russia during the First World War. It is shown that military censorship was a complex, multi-level structure that had no unity of command and included representatives of different, sometimes conflicting departments. These features led to the «scattering» of the documentary heritage of the military censorship authorities in numerous collections of Russian and foreign archives.Conclusions. The complexity of the structure of military censorship created numerous difficulties in the practice of censorship control. The chronic disadvantages of Russian censorship during the First world war years were contradictory decisions, inconsistency and insufficient elaboration of the regulatory framework, which often led to the use of military censorship for purely political purposes (for example, to censor speeches by opposition Duma deputies). The problems of military censorship were aggravated by a chronic shortage of funding, shortage and high turn-over of personnel. As a result, instead of becoming an effective tool in the hands of the government, military censor-ship became one of the factors of the political crisis in Russia on the eve of the Russian revolution.

Artificial intelligence in pharmacogenetics: A narrative review of current and future applications

Pharmacogenetics aims to investigate the correlation between patient genetic characteristics and the efficacy of pharmaceutical agents, while concurrently evaluating the risks of adverse reactions. This field of research necessitates the application of complex statistical analysis methodologies, and artificial intelligence (AI) capabilities are increasingly being leveraged for such analyses. AI represents an advanced technology employed to automate the execution of tasks that traditionally demand substantial human intellectual effort. A review of scientific literature on the application of machine learning models in pharmacogenetic research has demonstrated that AI is a highly sophisticated and flexible tool capable of facilitating the widespread implementation of pharmacogenetics in clinical practice. A promising area for the application of AI in pharmacogenetics involves the integration of this technology into tasks related to the analysis, detection, prediction, and support of pharmacogenetic information and decision-making systems. The utilization of deep learning technologies has the potential to expand the understanding of drug pharmacodynamics, indications, and contraindications, which may potentially lead to the updating of educational and methodological literature on pharmacology and substantially advance the quality of patient pharmacotherapy. However, the implementation of AI technologies may be hindered by factors such as a shortage of qualified personnel, ethical disagreements, and complexities in legal regulation of this domain. Nonetheless, the application of AI technologies in pharmacogenetic research demonstrates high effectiveness and expediency, despite the existing challenges.

Potential consequences of the German hospital reform and the resolution of the Federal Joint Committee on the treatment of proximal femoral fractures for the Federal State of Saxony : Improvement or hazard for the quality of care?

The German hospital landscape is undergoing comprehensive changes due to the increasing aging population and staff shortages in the healthcare sector. These changes are driven by the current hospital reform and the guidelines of the Federal Joint Committee (G-BA) for the treatment of proximal femoral fractures. To investigate the effects of the hospital reform and the implementation of the G‑BA guidelines for the treatment of proximal femoral fractures in Saxony. Based on the number of proximal femoral fracture surgeries performed in all certified trauma centers in Saxony (East Saxony/West Saxony Trauma Network) in 2019 and 2022, asimulation was conducted to visualize the implementation of the G‑BA guidelines and the hospital reform. Applying the criteria of the G‑BA resolution results in areduction of hospitals treating proximal femoral fractures in Saxony from 42to 28(-33%). The implementation of the planned hospital reform further reduces the number of such hospitals to 15(-64%). This reduction leads to asignificant increase in case numbers in the remaining hospitals (twofold to threefold) and up to a fourfold increase by 2030. This comes with an increased need for operating capacities (1.2operating rooms per week) and about 7400 secondary transfers per year. In the districts of North Saxony, Bautzen, Central Saxony, and the Erzgebirge District, no hospital would be available to treat geriatric proximal femoral fractures. The planned reform and the current implementation of the G‑BA resolution pose ahigh risk to create gaps in care in Saxony with a markedly reduced number of hospitals involved in treatment of proximal femoral fractures. The necessary operating resources and inpatient capacities in the remaining hospitals are insufficient to care for the expected number of patients given the personnel and capacity shortages.

Cluster approach in the design of spatial development of the region

The rationale for the cluster approach in the formation of a policy for spatial development of a territory is presented using the example of the Samara region. The advantages of the cluster approach for designing the spatial development of the Samara region are determined. The role of the construction cluster in the spatial development of the region is substantiated, the main advantages and problems in the development of the construction cluster are named. One of the significant problems identified is the personnel shortage in the construction industry, to solve which it is proposed to use a cluster approach in the spatial development of the Samara region and the formation of a regional policy for the development of human resources in the construction industry, which will help retain and attract labor resources to the region.

New colleague or gimmick hurdle? A user-centric scoping review of the barriers and facilitators of robots in hospitals.

Healthcare systems are confronted with a multitude of challenges, including the imperative to enhance accessibility, efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and the quality of healthcare delivery. These challenges are exacerbated by current healthcare personnel shortages, prospects of future shortfalls, insufficient recruitment efforts, increasing prevalence of chronic diseases, global viral concerns, and ageing populations. To address this escalating demand for healthcare services, healthcare systems are increasingly adopting robotic technology and artificial intelligence (AI), which promise to optimise costs, improve working conditions, and increase the quality of care. This article focuses on deepening our understanding of the barriers and facilitators associated with integrating robotic technologies in hospital environments. To this end, we conducted a scoping literature review to consolidate emerging themes pertaining to the experiences, viewpoints perspectives, and behaviours of hospital employees as professional users of robots in hospitals. Through screening 501 original research articles from Web-of-Science, we identified and reviewed in full-text 40 pertinent user-centric studies of the integration of robots into hospitals. Our review revealed and analysed 14 themes in-depth, of which we identified seven as barriers and seven as facilitators. Through a structuring of the barriers and facilitators, we reveal a notable misalignment between these barriers and facilitators: Finding that organisational aspects are at the core of most barriers, we suggest that future research should investigate the dynamics between hospital employees as professional users and the procedures and workflows of the hospitals as institutions, as well as the ambivalent role of anthropomorphisation of hospital robots, and emerging issues of privacy and confidentiality raised by increasingly communicative robots. Ultimately, this perspective on the integration of robots in hospitals transcends debates on the capabilities and limits of the robotic technology itself, shedding light on the complexity of integrating new technologies into hospital environments and contributing to an understanding of possible futures in healthcare innovation.

Solving the issue of staffing shortage of medical staff using remote technologies and 3‑d interaction between students and the teacher at the RSBHI «Kirensk district hospital»

The topic of personnel shortage is close to all hospitals, relevant in all regions, both in central healthcare institutions and in the periphery. In September 2023, the RSBHI «Kirensk District Hospital» together with the RSBEI «Irkutsk Basic Medical College» launched a pilot project for distance learning in-person and part-time of mid-level medical personnel at the hospital. Target. Closing the personnel shortage. Formation of a personnel reserve in the institution. Results. Successful mastery of the curriculum by all students. Transfer of all students to the second year. Conclusion. Using our example, we would like to show the advantages of distance learning in-person and part-time of mid-level medical personnel, we are open to sharing experiences.

Impacts of demographic factors and the COVID-19 pandemic on job stress inJapanese childcare workers.

Japan has a shortage of childcare personnel, and the high levels of stress causing turnover in childcare workers must be urgently resolved. However, there is a lack of knowledge regarding the characteristics and influencing factors of job stress in Japanese childcare workers. This study aimed to evaluate the job stress of childcare workers and explore the influence of demographic factors and the COVID-19 pandemic on such stress. The data were collected through an Internet survey from 2,472 respondents. A 23-item version of the Brief Job Stress Questionnaire was used to measure occupational stress in childcare workers. The instrument is recommended in the stress-check program implemented as a mental health measure in workplaces in Japan. The percentage of childcare workers with high stress exceeded that of general workers. Multiple regression analyses showed that the only factor affecting all job stressors and social support was the fear of contracting COVID-19. Job stressors and the COVID-19 pandemic had a significant large effect on stress responses. Additionally, being married and having children moderated childcare workers' stress. This study provided basic data regarding job stress in Japanese childcare workers and compared them with those of other professionals. In the future, it will be necessary to clarify how stress is related to turnover intention and turnover in Japanese childcare workers to promote their career continuity.

Graduate reflections on Community Service: a view of roles in practice

BackgroundIn South Africa, newly qualified physiotherapists transition to the workplace during community service, often in diverse healthcare settings, attending to patients with complex ailments. The transition is complicated by the shortage of rehabilitation personnel, especially in rural and peri-urban areas. While higher education curricula should prepare students for the workplace, the roles and expectations of new therapists remain unclear. Assessing how well current curricula, built around the CanMEDS framework, equip students with the competencies needed for entry-level community service practice will help to improve physiotherapy training practices. This study investigated the experiences of community service physiotherapists to inform curriculum design and graduate outcomes.MethodsA descriptive qualitative study was conducted. Graduates were purposefully sampled during their community service year via a class group contact, with a snowball approach to recruit diverse participants. Semi-structured interviews were conducted over MS Teams, recorded, and transcribed. Reflexive deductive coding was used to interpret the data, which was analysed around the CanMEDS roles and graduate outcomes, as well as curriculum constraints and enablers to the workplace transition.ResultsTen community service physiotherapists placed in five different provinces participated. Most identified strongly with their core role as clinicians and felt prepared in terms of clinical skills. However, aspects of roles linked to advocacy, leadership, and professionalism were more complex to navigate. The contexts of placements and the nuances of how the healthcare system operated in each province impacted their experience.ConclusionThe study highlighted varied readiness levels among community service physiotherapists. While many felt competent in specific clinical tasks, there are significant gaps in their preparation for broader community practice challenges. Participants noted their undergraduate training adequately prepared them for the clinician role but not for roles integrating collaboration, communication, patient and professional advocacy. Quality clinical placements and the role of educators were crucial, yet the protective nature of these placements limited exposure to real-world scenarios. Insufficient mentorship and support contributed to feelings of isolation. To enhance preparedness, the curriculum should integrate more experiences addressing real-world challenges, which value multiple competencies and outcomes. Future research should examine the development of context-appropriate competency frameworks and long-term effects of community service on career development.

Navigating the Spectrum: Assessing the Concordance of ML-Based AI Findings with Radiology in Chest X-Rays in Clinical Settings.

Background: The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into radiology aims to improve diagnostic accuracy and efficiency, particularly in settings with limited access to expert radiologists and in times of personnel shortage. However, challenges such as insufficient validation in actual real-world settings or automation bias should be addressed before implementing AI software in clinical routine. Methods: This cross-sectional study in a maximum care hospital assesses the concordance between diagnoses made by a commercial AI-based software and conventional radiological methods augmented by AI for four major thoracic pathologies in chest X-ray: fracture, pleural effusion, pulmonary nodule and pneumonia. Chest radiographs of 1506 patients (median age 66 years, 56.5% men) consecutively obtained between January and August 2023 were re-evaluated by the AI software InferRead DR Chest®. Results: Overall, AI software detected thoracic pathologies more often than radiologists (18.5% vs. 11.1%). In detail, it detected fractures, pneumonia, and nodules more frequently than radiologists, while radiologists identified pleural effusions more often. Reliability was highest for pleural effusions (0.63, 95%-CI 0.58-0.69), indicating good agreement, and lowest for fractures (0.39, 95%-CI 0.32-0.45), indicating moderate agreement. Conclusions: The tested software shows a high detection rate, particularly for fractures, pneumonia, and nodules, but hereby produces a nonnegligible number of false positives. Thus, AI-based software shows promise in enhancing diagnostic accuracy; however, cautious interpretation and human oversight remain crucial.

THE EFFECT OF INFORMAL EDUCATION ON THE LABOR MARKET IN UKRAINE

The work deals with a comprehensive analysis of theoretical and practical approaches to the impact of short-term courses on the labor market and the level of unemployment in Ukraine in the conditions of hostilities and martial law. Special attention is paid to the study of foreign experience in the field of professional development and retraining of workers in various sectors of the economy, as well as the introduction of short-term courses as one of the effective tools for adapting citizens to the new requirements of the labor market. The paper analyzes in detail the problems faced by Ukraine after the invasion of the armed forces of the Russian Federation and their negative impact on the state's economy. In particular, the shortage of qualified personnel and the role of highly qualified workers in the process of defending territorial integrity within the armed forces of Ukraine were considered. The study also proposed and analyzed the conditions for creating free space at workplaces and providing decent working and living conditions for low-mobility population groups. The importance of integrating these groups into the labor market through specialized programs and support from the state is highlighted. In the conclusions of the work, attention is focused on In general, the introduction of short-term courses, the development of digital education, support for citizens with disabilities and the creation of a barrier-free environment, which are key directions for the economic recovery of Ukraine. This will help increase the competitiveness of the state and improve the quality of life of the population.

Periodontal diseases in Africa.

Periodontal diseases, a group of complex conditions marked by an excessive immune response and periodontal tissue destruction, are a global health concern. Since 1990, the incidence of these diseases has doubled, with Western sub-Saharan Africa experiencing the highest burden. Accurate diagnosis and case identification are crucial for understanding the etiology, features of disease, research, treatment and prevention. Modern perspectives on periodontal disease classification are based on commonality among those affected. However, current literature is often plagued by methodological inconsistencies and focused on disease mechanisms in European populations. Health inequalities in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are exacerbated by these challenges, with sub-Saharan Africa, and Nigeria specifically, facing unique difficulties such as clinical personnel shortages and limited research infrastructure. This review explored disparities in periodontal disease research, care and outcomes in African populations. We highlighted these disparities and identified the factors contributing to inequities in periodontal health outcomes. We further demonstrated the critical need for inclusive and equitable healthcare and research practices tailored to the unique challenges faced by diverse populations and regions with limited resources. Addressing these disparities is essential for ensuring that advancements in healthcare are accessible to all, thereby improving global oral health and general health.