Individual Personality Traits Research Articles

Does having control over background noise affect listening effort or speech perception?

We have previously shown that individual personality traits, including noise sensitivity, can influence listeners’ assessment of effort and frustration related to noise that interferes with a listening task. Here, we extend our previous research to employ stimuli from a commonly used speech-in-noise task, the coordinate response measure (CRM). On each trial, participants heard a sentence of the form “Ready, CALLSIGN, go to COLOR NUMBER now” presented in a background of steady-state speech-shaped noise. They responded by selecting from a multiple-choice display (two callsigns, four colors, and four numbers). After completing one block of 64 trials with 32 sentences presented at a -4 dB SNR and 32 at -8 dB SNR, half of the participants were allowed to choose to change the noise level, making it either “louder” or “softer” for the next 64 trials. The other participants were assigned to either a louder or softer SNR without a choice. Importantly, half of the trials in the “louder” and “softer” conditions were presented at the same SNR (−6 dB), permitting comparison of performance independently of chosen or assigned difficulty. Results will be discussed in terms of implications for future research on noise sensitivity and long-term health.

СОЦИАЛЬНО-ПСИХОФИЗИОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ОЦЕНКА ДВУХ ПАЦИЕНТОВ С МЕСТНЫМИ ЛУЧЕВЫМИ ПОРАЖЕНИЯМИ КИСТЕЙ РУК

СОЦИАЛЬНО-ПСИХОФИЗИОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ОЦЕНКА ДВУХ ПАЦИЕНТОВ С МЕСТНЫМИ ЛУЧЕВЫМИ ПОРАЖЕНИЯМИ КИСТЕЙ РУК

More Prosocial, More Ephemeral? The Role of Work-Related Wellbeing and Gender in Incubating Social Entrepreneurs’ Exit Intention

Why does social entrepreneurship tend to live so shortly? A range of studies tried to answer this question, although very few delved into the “inner layer” (psychological status) to unveil how social entrepreneurs decide to quit. Accordingly, focusing on prosocial motivation of social entrepreneurs and its impact on their work-related wellbeing and then their business exit intention, we conducted this empirical research. Furthermore, gender differences are involved based on relevant calls for in-depth investigation. With a sample of 301 respondents in China, deploying the partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM), we found prosocial motivation decreases entrepreneurs’ work-related wellbeing, which in turn, increases entrepreneurial exit intention. Furthermore, adopting the multi-group analysis (MGA) technique, we uncovered that the impact of prosocial motivation on work-related wellbeing largely is stronger for males. Our research thus contributes to the growing research and knowledge on social entrepreneurship in terms of individual personality traits and how they impact a social entrepreneur’s psychological status and thus their intention of exiting the social business. This study’s further theoretical and practical implications, as well as its limitations and thus future research directions, are discussed at the end.

Personality matters: does an individual's personality affect adoption and continued use of green banking channels?

PurposeTechnology has revolutionized banking, and “green banking” has been the most recent phenomenon to have caught the financial world's attention. In this paper, the authors look at how personality traits of individuals influence their adoption and continued use of green banking channels. The authors also propose a comprehensive model integrating the “big five” personality traits (conscientiousness, agreeableness, extraversion, openness and neuroticism) into the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), along with expectation confirmation theory. The integrated proposed model is used in this longitudinal study to predict the continued use of green banking channels once adopted.Design/methodology/approachThe authors collected data during two time periods about 24 weeks apart from 826 green banking channel users from different regions in India. The data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling.FindingsThe authors found that traits of agreeableness, conscientiousness and extraversion favor an individual adopting green banking channels, while conscientiousness and openness were only associated with its perceived usefulness (PU).Research limitations/implicationsThe results offer valuable insights for understanding the adoption and use behavior of people regarding green banking channels. This study would help develop effective segmentation strategies for promoting green banking channels.Originality/valueBy incorporating the big five, along with TAM and Expectation Confirmation Model (ECM), coupled with “trust” as an additional construct, we believe that our study enlarges the boundaries of Information Technology (IT) theories, especially in the context of green banking channels. This study also contributes to advancing the personality theory by exploring how personality traits significantly relate to adopting and using green banking channels.

Personality traits and long-term care financial risks among older Americans

Individuals are susceptible to financial uncertainty across the financial life cycle. The last of three financial life cycle stages is the distribution of accumulated wealth to fund retirement. Individuals maximize utility by smoothing consumption over the life cycle while managing uncertainty events. Life cycle events include the potential need and financial cost for long-term care support and services. Pre-cautionary savings are used to exchange insurance premiums for the coverage of high uncertainty events.Despite the theoretical need for uncertainty protection, consumer demand for insurance that mitigates or eliminates risk exposure to uncertainty events is historically low. This conundrum is commonly referred to as uncertainty “puzzles.” The empirical and descriptive literature examines many potential factors for these protection gaps that range from financial, health, social insurance, substitute and complimentary assets, socio-demographic factors, individual preferences, behavioral, and psychosocial factors, which this current paper controls for a majority.Research is growing yet limited when considering individuals personality traits as potential explanations for personal finance behaviors. This study investigates and provides results that suggest that personality traits could partially explain the low demand for financial uncertainty insurance. Of the five personality traits, an individual who more strongly identifies with conscientiousness, holding all else equal, was found to associate positively with long-term care insurance ownership.

Стрессоустойчивость как элемент готовности сотрудников органов внутренних дел к эффективному осуществлению своей профессиональной деятельности

The article is devoted to the actual problems of studying and developing stress tolerance as an element of the readiness of employees of internal affairs bodies to effectively carry out professional activities. The article analyzes domestic and foreign studies of stress and stress resistance of the individual, features of psychological training of employees. The reader’s attention is drawn to the specifi cs of preventive work, taking into account the impact on cognitive and/or emotional stressors (controlled or uncontrolled), individual personality traits, work with the most appropriate samples.

Developing soft skills in high school students using digital tools

Introduction. The article presents an overview of the research on developing soft skills in high school students, research findings on the assessment of universal competencies in high school students and the search for approaches to the development of universal competencies in high school students by means of using digital tools. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the level of soft skills among high school students and to justify the implementation of practical procedures within the framework of a digital learning environment. Materials and Methods. In order to assess the level of soft skills (e.g. emotional intelligence and self-monitoring) in Russian ninth graders (n=400) the authors applied the following general research methods: analysis, synthesis, and reviewing research literature. Empirical methods including M.Snyder’s Self-monitoring scale and Thomas–Kilmann’s inventory were used to reveal the types of behaviors for handling conflicts. The authors developed practical procedures aimed at enhancing self-control, communication and cooperation skills, and emotional intelligence, using Lift to Future and Learnis.ru educational platforms. The research methodology was based on the competence approach (A. M. Aronov, A. V. Barannikov, A. G. Burmus, I. A. Zimnaya, A. V. Khutorskoy) and modern approaches related to the problem of digitalization of education (Ya. A. Vahramenko, A. P. Ershov, I. V. Robert, S. A. Tanganyan). Results. The study revealed the main deficiencies in soft skills among the surveyed 9th graders. The authors identified invariant (lack of self-reflection, lack of motivation for self-development, unwillingness to change) and variable difficulties that impede the development of soft skills in ninth graders and are associated with individual personality traits: lack of self-confidence, excessive ambitions and desires, emotional immaturity, and increased fatigue. The study revealed a low level of emotional intelligence in 50 % of the respondents and a low level of cooperation skills in 75 % of the respondents. The authors presented a range of practical procedures based on using digital tools, which contributed to the development of soft skills indicators in high school students. The study suggests that measures aimed at enhancing soft skills should include both group and individual activities and take into account invariant and variable negative factors. The authors enrich the term ‘digital literacy’ with new content. Conclusions. Finally, the authors emphasize that digital tools contributed to maintaining motivation and increasing digital literacy in all the participants of the experiment.

From Giant to Lilliputians: A Reflection on Nigeria’s Afro-Centric Policy in Post-Authoritarian Era

Abstract Central to understanding the character of countries’ foreign policies are the personality traits of individuals who preside over the affairs of countries. This is even more so in Africa where institutions responsible for foreign policy making are not only weak, but are also overshadowed by the personality traits of powerful chief executives. It is against this background that this article, based on desk analysis, examines and compares the impact of leaders’ personality traits on Nigeria’s Afro-centric policy in the post-authoritarian era. Specifically, it attempts to lay bare why Nigeria’s Afro-centric policy, in post-Obasanjo era, has not enjoyed as much dynamism and vigour as it did during Obasanjo’s administration. Comparatively, it notes that President Obasanjo’s successors, Presidents Yar Adua and Jonathan, even though did not discountenance Nigeria’s age-long Afro-centric posture, but did not bring as much dynamism and aggressiveness to bear on it as did President Obasanjo. It argues that this may be unconnected majorly to these individuals’ different personality traits.

Predicting personality traits with semantic structures and LSTM-based neural networks

There is a need to obtain more information about target audiences in many areas such as law enforcement agencies, institutions, human resources, and advertising agencies. In this context, in addition to the information provided by individuals, their personal characteristics are also important. In particular, the predictability of personality traits of individuals is seen as a major parameter in making decisions about individuals. Textual and media data in social media, where people produce the most data, can provide clues about people's personal lives, characteristics, and personalities. Each social media environment may contain different assets and structures. Therefore, it is important to make a structural analysis according to the social media platform. There is also a need for a labelled dataset to develop a model that can predict personality traits from social media data. In this study, first, a personality dataset was created which was retrieved from Twitter and labelled with IBM Personality Insight. Then the unstructured data were transformed into meaningful and processable data, LSTM-based prediction models were created with the structural analysis, and evaluations were made on both our dataset and PAN-2015-EN.

Individual obsessive-compulsive traits are associated with poorer adjustment to the easing of COVID-19 restrictions

BackgroundAs COVID-19 restrictions ease, the public are expected to relinquish previously enforced safety behaviors and resume a more normal lifestyle. Despite these aims, our recent survey of 438 adults from the general population, during a temporary release of lockdown in the United Kingdom (July–November 2020), showed that 25% of the public find re-adjustment problematic. This was especially the case in those with a history of mental disorder and obsessive-compulsive (OC) traits and symptoms, including rigidity as measured by a neurocognitive test of attentional flexibility. To aid in identifying those most at risk, we performed a secondary analysis on the data to determine which specific OC traits were related to specific aspects of behavioral adjustment. MethodsCorrelational and multiple regression analyses were performed to determine associations between the eight individual personality traits constituting DSM-5 Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD), as measured by the self-rated Compulsive Personality Assessment Scale (CPAS) and a range of self-rated Post-Pandemic Adjustment Questionnaire items. ResultsThree items on the Post-Pandemic Adjustment Questionnaire correlated with individual CPAS items: ‘General difficulties adjusting’ correlated with perfectionism, preoccupation with details, over-conscientiousness and need for control; ‘social avoidance’ correlated with perfectionism and preoccupation with details; and ‘disinfecting behaviors’ correlated with preoccupation with details and miserliness (Pearson's r - all p < .001). Intriguingly, none of the adjustment items correlated significantly with self-rated rigidity. ConclusionsSeveral OCPD traits predict post-pandemic adjustment difficulties, but perfectionism and preoccupation-with-details showed the most robust correlations. These traits constitute a platform for the development of new screening and interventional strategies aimed at restoring public mental health and wellbeing. Cognitive rigidity may be more reliably evaluated using an objective form of assessment.

Fake or real news? Understanding the gratifications and personality traits of individuals sharing fake news on social media platforms

Purpose“Fake news” or misinformation sharing using social media sites into public discourse or politics has increased dramatically, over the last few years, especially in the current COVID-19 pandemic causing concern. However, this phenomenon is inadequately researched. This study examines fake news sharing with the lens of stimulus-organism-response (SOR) theory, uses and gratification theory (UGT) and big five personality traits (BFPT) theory to understand the motivations for sharing fake news and the personality traits that do so. The stimuli in the model comprise gratifications (pass time, entertainment, socialization, information sharing and information seeking) and personality traits (agreeableness, conscientiousness, extraversion, openness and neuroticism). The feeling of authenticating or instantly sharing news is the organism leading to sharing fake news, which forms the response in the study.Design/methodology/approachThe conceptual model was tested by the data collected from a sample of 221 social media users in India. The data were analyzed with partial least squares structural equation modeling to determine the effects of UGT and personality traits on fake news sharing. The moderating role of the platform WhatsApp or Facebook was studied.Findings The results suggest that pass time, information sharing and socialization gratifications lead to instant sharing news on social media platforms. Individuals who exhibit extraversion, neuroticism and openness share news on social media platforms instantly. In contrast, agreeableness and conscientiousness personality traits lead to authentication news before sharing on the social media platform.Originality/value This study contributes to social media literature by identifying the user gratifications and personality traits that lead to sharing fake news on social media platforms. Furthermore, the study also sheds light on the moderating influence of the choice of the social media platform for fake news sharing.

THE PROBLEM OF CORRELATION OF PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE AND MODERN PRACTICAL METHODS OF DIAGNOSIS AND INTERVENTION

The article is aimed at substantiate the need of taking into account the epistemological principles in the process of applying methods of psycholo- gical assessment, counseling and intervention, which in turn can contribute to the purposeful preservation of the physical and mental health of a per- son. Modern psychological assessment is an important scientific and applied component of psychological cognition. A reliable psychological assessment of individual personality traits and its mental state is of categorical impor- tance, since it is aimed at identifying a specific and situational phenomenon for the further use of various practices. In this regard, a practical psychologist must possess the professional skills of psychological diagnostics, which implies the ability to establish connections between the external signs of a phenomenon and the internal psychological characteristics of a person. In this case, a special role is assigned to the epistemological foundations of psychological science and practice, which directly affect the formation of the methodology of counseling, therapy and training.

Influencing Factors of Hope Among Chinese Patients With Hematological Malignancies From the Perspective of Positive Psychology: A Cross-sectional Study.

Hope is an important resource and reserve for patients with hematological malignancies to cope with stress. Through analyzing hope levels and its influencing factors, this study provides evidence for developing psychological interventions for this population. The aim of this study was to explore the influencing factors of hope in patients with hematological malignancies. A cross-sectional study including 165 participants with hematological malignancies was performed from November 2019 through June 2020 in a tertiary hospital in Beijing, China. The Adult Dispositional Hope Scale, UCLA Loneliness Scale, Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire, Self-esteem Scale, and Big Five Short-Form Scale were used to evaluate each variable. Regression analysis was conducted to explore the influencing factors of hope. The total mean hope level (40.39 ± 4.32) was significantly lower than the national norm. Multiple stepwise regression analysis indicated that openness ( β = .38, P < .001), neuroticism ( β = -0.25, P < .001), rigor ( β = -0.15, P = .043), self-esteem ( β = .33, P < .001), positive response ( β = .22, P < .001), negative response ( β = .12, P = .039), and residential region ( β = .17, P = .002) were significantly associated with the total hope level among patients with hematological malignancies. Self-esteem and openness were positively correlated with the total mean hope score and its 3 subdimensions. The hope level was relatively low in patients with hematological malignancies. Hope level was affected by individual personality traits, coping styles, self-esteem, and loneliness. Attention should be drawn to the relationship between the hope level and positive psychological characteristics among patients with hematological malignancies. Our study supports the need to develop tailored and effective interventions to improve the level of hope among this patient population.

Relationships between metabolic syndrome, body mass index and dark triad personality traits in individuals with affective disorders

Relationships between metabolic syndrome, body mass index and dark triad personality traits in individuals with affective disorders

Many Rivers to Cross: Social Identity, Cognition and Labour Mobility in Rural India

By considering the case of rural South India, this study analyses whether individual skills and personality traits are able to facilitate labour market mobility of disadvantaged groups in the presence of constraining social structures. We use an individual panel dataset built on two household surveys carried out in 2010 and 2016-2017 in Tamil Nadu. We explore the relationship between individual cognitive skills (Raven, literacy and numeracy scores), personality traits (Big Five Inventory) and earnings mobility. We first assess the extent of gender and caste-based labour market segmentation using transition matrices. Then, we take advantage of intra-group heterogeneity in terms of cognitive skills and personality traits to explore whether these personal characteristics can enable individuals to overcome rigid social structures. Results show that personality traits are important determinants of labour mobility. Nonetheless, we observe a strong rigidity of the labour market structure in terms of gender and caste, and its relative stillness over time.

Особливості формування творчої особистості майбутніх учителів фізичної культури

The article is devoted to the research of the problem of future teachers of physical education’s creative personality formation features. The goal of the article is to theoretically substantiate the future teachers of physical education’s creative personality formation peculiarities during their study in Higher educational institutions. The article goes into qualities that may serve for estimation of the future PF teacher’s individual personality traits such as ideological and political, moral, volitional, behavior in the team, attitude to work, personal and professional. The components of the pedagogical creativity of a physical education teacher are the experience of creative activity, which gives confidence in the correctness of the chosen way of communication with students and direct interaction with them (based on the creative potential of the individual); psychological, pedagogical and special knowledge; creativity, new ideas that allow someone to find and apply distinctive and non-standard solutions in its professional activity; motion experience as a specific indicator, without which it is impossible to talk about the professional suitability of a physical education teacher. For the increase of motivation of the creative activity of students of higher educational institutions specialty “Secondary education. (Physical Education)” it is perceived to attract them to research work and continuous practice starting from 2nd year. It is recommended to put the focus on creative approach towards tasks in the process of their theoretical training by mastering the system of necessary theoretical knowledge; to develop special systems of creative tasks and types of work that bring students of higher educational institutions to the tasks and methods of the teacher’s performance on the level of proficiency and innovation. To develop creative approach towards future teachers of PR’s professional activity it is necessary to implement the system of problem tasks (theoretical, practical, set of movements) into the educational process in all the disciplines. The system of problem tasks is based on methods that stimulate thinking outside the box and shows the problems of PE Teacher’s activity in a real way.

Entrepreneurial Willingness, Practice, and Management Path of College Graduates in a Green Development Environment.

Before entrepreneurial behavior occurs, individual personality traits have a very important impact on the formation of entrepreneurial willingness. The purpose of this research is to explore the entrepreneurial intention, practice, and management path of college graduates in a green development environment. In this study, three dimensions of green entrepreneurial traits (risk propensity, ecological values, and social responsibility) and three dimensions of green entrepreneurial motivation (fame and fortune motive, spiritual motive and responsibility motive, and green entrepreneurial intention) are determined, and a questionnaire is compiled. Then, the questionnaire survey data of college graduates is collected, and a structural equation model is constructed. The influence of risk tendency, ecological values, and social responsibility on green entrepreneurship motivation is studied in turn, and the influence of fame and fortune motive, spiritual motive, and responsibility motive on green entrepreneurship willingness is explored. Finally, the mediating role of the three dimensions of green entrepreneurial motivation in the influence of green entrepreneurial traits on green entrepreneurial willingness is tested. The study finds that the average score of families with entrepreneurial experience was 4.0526. The average score of families without entrepreneurial experience was 3.6463, and the significance index was at the level of 0.001. The same results as previous scholars have appeared, that is, students with entrepreneurial family background have stronger (green) entrepreneurial willingness. Green entrepreneurship creates green value through green products or services, drives green consumption, leads green values, and contributes to the sustainable development of society and ecology.

Mental health of the frontline nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic and its association with working conditions and personality traits

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, hospital nurses are involved in the direct patient care despite high infection rate. During earlier pandemics, health-care personnel reported significant levels of stress, worry, and depression. The pandemic has adverse outcomes not only on the individual's well-being but also on the patient care and health-care system.Aim: The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of stress, anxiety, and depression among nurses working in COVID-19 treating hospitals and its association with the hospital working conditions and the personality traits.Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 218 nurses working in the COVID-19 hospitals. Data were collected using study tools which include the semi-structured sociodemographic questionnaire, hospital working conditions, Perceived Stress Scale, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 Scale, PHQ-9 Depression Scale, and Ten-item Personality Inventory (TIPI).Results: In the current study, the prevalence of perceived stress, anxiety, and depression among nurses was found to be 88.1%, 50.9%, and 28.9%, respectively. Majority of the nurses with higher number of patients to be attended in the hospital were found to have statistically significant high-stress scores. The nurses with higher stress scores were found to have higher mean values of extraversion and openness to experiences traits on the TIPI Scale.Conclusion: The nurses working in COVID-19 hospitals were found to have a high prevalence of stress, anxiety, and depression. The study showed that there is a significant influence of hospital working conditions along with the individual's personality traits on the mental health of nurses.

Professional Differences: A Comparative Study of Visualization Task Performance and Spatial Ability Across Disciplines.

Problem-driven visualization work is rooted in deeply understanding the data, actors, processes, and workflows of a target domain. However, an individual's personality traits and cognitive abilities may also influence visualization use. Diverse user needs and abilities raise natural questions for specificity in visualization design: Could individuals from different domains exhibit performance differences when using visualizations? Are any systematic variations related to their cognitive abilities? This study bridges domain-specific perspectives on visualization design with those provided by cognition and perception. We measure variations in visualization task performance across chemistry, computer science, and education, and relate these differences to variations in spatial ability. We conducted an online study with over 60 domain experts consisting of tasks related to pie charts, isocontour plots, and 3D scatterplots, and grounded by a well-documented spatial ability test. Task performance (correctness) varied with profession across more complex visualizations (isocontour plots and scatterplots), but not pie charts, a comparatively common visualization. We found that correctness correlates with spatial ability, and the professions differ in terms of spatial ability. These results indicate that domains differ not only in the specifics of their data and tasks, but also in terms of how effectively their constituent members engage with visualizations and their cognitive traits. Analyzing participants' confidence and strategy comments suggests that focusing on performance neglects important nuances, such as differing approaches to engage with even common visualizations and potential skill transference. Our findings offer a fresh perspective on discipline-specific visualization with specific recommendations to help guide visualization design that celebrates the uniqueness of the disciplines and individuals we seek to serve.

Personality traits, perceived stress and perception of COVID-19 among Arab Population: A cross-sectional survey

BackgroundCoronavirus disease-2019 is a worldwide pandemic. Political authorities are working hard to fight the disease transmission through corresponding interventions that may be influenced by individual perception, perceived stress, and personality traits that act as predictors of healthy behaviors and comply with protective measures especially with different cultures. AimThis study aimed to assess personality traits, perceived stress, and perception among the Arab population. MethodsA cross-sectional online survey was fulfilled by 948 adults from different Arabic nationalities from 24th June to 15th July 2020. The Ten-Item Personality Inventory (TIPI), the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and Perception toward COVID-19 Questionnaire were used in this study. ResultsMore than three quarters (76.1%) believed that COVID 19 is a dangerous disease and the vast majority (93.1%) disagreed that infection with the virus is associated with stigma. Agreeableness was high among the Egyptians, extroversion and openness to experience were high among Saudi Arabians, while emotional stability was high among Sudanese participants. ConclusionIndividuals with high conscientiousness, extraversion, and emotional stability demonstrated lower levels of perceived stress during the pandemic. This highlights that for the development of stress management interventions during epidemics; it is crucial to take personality traits into consideration.