Personal Understanding Research Articles

Physiognomy and Visual Judgment in Medieval and Early Modern Europe

From the late Middle Ages through the eighteenth century, the science of physiognomy played a central role in the intellectual life of what we might call “the long Renaissance.” Indeed, it did much to shape both the portrayal and the understanding of personality in the visual and literary arts of the period. But nowhere was its influence greater than in the practice of criminal law. This special issue explores the varied ways that jurists and judges drew on theories—ancient and modern—of how to read the human body, the face especially, in order to help determine whether or not a suspect was guilty or innocent. The articles offer insights into the various ways in which Renaissance thinkers not only drew on ancient and medieval sources for their understanding of human psychology but also continued to elaborate new theories in order to develop what they viewed as a more scientific jurisprudence.

Pengaruh Literasi Keuangan Dan Inklusi Keuangan Terhadap Pengelolaan Keuangan UMKM Di Kecamatan Kisaran Barat Kabupaten Asahan

Financial Literacy is a person's understanding or ability to measure financial concepts and have the ability to manage finances well. Financial literacy is very important for MSMEs in managing their business finances. Financial inclusion is the availability of access to various institutions, products and financial services according to the needs and capabilities of the community in order to improve people's welfare. This study aims to examine and analyze the effect of financial literacy and financial inclusion on MSME financial management in Kisaran Barat District. This type of research is quantitative research. The total population in this study was 390 MSME actors and the sample in this study were 80 MSME actors in Kisaran Barat District. Data collection techniques in this study were interviews and questionnaires. The data analysis method uses multiple linear regression analysis. The research results show that financial literacy and financial inclusion partially and simultaneously influence financial management.

LA LECTURA EXTENSIVA COMO FORMA DE ENSEÑAR ESPAÑOL

At present, the promotion of reading the literary text is aimed at forming the reading habit in students and integrating them in the different socio-cultural contexts where they interact; motivate them to experience reading activity from pleasure, to develop reading behavior in them. Owning this type of communicative activity, a person understands everything he reads, and responds adequately to what he has read, converting his thoughts in response. Reading any text in a foreign language and answering questions about the text or expressing their opinion about the read, the student learns the skills of monologue speech. In this article, the author considers the importance of extensive reading in the study and teaching of Spanish as a Foreign Language or any other foreign language, presents approaches to teaching reading that can be used in reading and parsing any text, introduces activities to be used in an extensive reading program, and analyzes the reading practices in the students of the 2nd year of E/LE at the Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. The benefits of extensive reading include gains in reading and writing competence, growth of vocabulary, and increases in self-respect and motivation of students. Reading books can be a good way to acquire new vocabulary, see grammar in action and develop understanding of a language. It is important that the books are interesting to students and at a level appropriate to their reading ability.

Involvement of minors in the criminal process: procedural regulation according to the legislation of the Republic of Kosovo

This study explores the significance of juvenile personality in criminal proceedings within Kosovo’s legal framework, emphasising juveniles' unique psychological, social and biological development stages and their impact on criminal behaviour. Despite the global interest in juvenile justice, there is a notable gap in literature specific to Kosovo, particularly concerning the consideration of personality traits and cognitive maturity in legal processes. Through an analysis of the Code of Juvenile Justice and the Code of Criminal Procedure, along with case studies and interviews with police, prosecutors, judges and psychologists, the research addresses this gap. Key findings highlight that while Kosovo’s legal framework provides robust protections for juveniles, practical challenges include delayed identification, insufficient privacy enforcement and resource constraints. The study underscores the importance of psychologist involvement during interrogations and the need for age-appropriate communication. Additionally, it points out the limited number of specialised personnel and rehabilitation institutions as major obstacles. The research advocates for enhanced training, increased resources and a review of current sanctions to ensure the juvenile justice system prioritises rehabilitation over punishment. This study aims to improve the understanding of juvenile personality in legal proceedings, promoting fair and just treatment for young offenders. Keywords: Criminal Process; Juvenile Personality; Kosovo Juvenile Justice.

Aspiring to Disability Consciousness in Health Professions Training.

Lack of disability-competent health care contributes to inequitable health outcomes for the largest minoritized population in the world: persons with disabilities. Health care professionals hold implicit and explicit bias against disabled people and report receiving inadequate disability training. While disability competence establishes a baseline standard of care, health professional educators must prepare a disability conscious workforce by challenging ableist assumptions and promoting holistic understanding of persons with disabilities. Future clinicians must recognize disability as an aspect of diversity, express respect for disabled patients, and demonstrate flexibility about how to care for disabled patients' needs. These skills are currently undervalued in medical training, specifically. This article describes how integrating disability consciousness into health professions training can improve health equity for patients with disabilities.

The political aspect of the ‘freedom’ concept in Pavlo Vyshebaba’s work

The object of the research in this article is the poetic texts of the contemporary Ukrainian military poet Pavlo Vyshebaba. The purpose of the article is to interpret the manifestation of the concept of freedom in the work of this poet. The author focuses on the political aspect of the concept of freedom, so he primarily analyzes Pavlo Vyshebaba’s work from this perspective. In the course of the study, the author also analyzes the works of military poets Kateryna “Bird” Polishchuk and Borys Humeniuk. This is done to compare the manifestations of the concept of freedom by these authors and to better understand the works of Pavlo Vyshebaba. In order to scientifically substantiate the political aspect of freedom, this article draws on the philosophical work of Dmytro Dontsov, in particular the ideas of nationalism and its fundamental principles. In particular, to clarify the terminology, the article uses Dmytro Dontsov’s “vlasnovladnist”. To achieve the purpose of the article, contextual analysis and biographical methods were used. The relevance of the article is due to the social need to realize the value of freedom in the context of the Russian-Ukrainian war. The novelty of the study is determined by the chosen aspect of the consideration of the lyrics of a contemporary poet, the scientific reception of whose work is generally limited. According to the results of the study, Pavlo Vyshebaba regards the concept of freedom in the political plane. It has been found that the concept of freedom in his work encompasses personal responsibility, a higher purpose, preservation and development of cultural and historical heritage. Freedom for Pavlo Vyshebaba is “freedom from” and “freedom for”. In political terms, the last is the establishment of statehood, and the first is freedom from invaders. Pavlo Vyshebaba also has a personal understanding of freedom as an opportunity for creativity. Further prospects for the study are related to the analysis of a representative sample of contemporary military poets and poets who write about war to draw more thorough conclusions about the ideas of political freedom in Ukrainian culture as a fundamental factor in the formation of the nation.

Living with my diabetes - introducing eHealth into daily practices of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Diabetes patients can draw on an increasing number of eHealth apps to support them in the self-management of their disease. While studies so far have focused on patients with type 1 diabetes, we explored how patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) integrate eHealth apps into their practices aimed at managing and coping with the disease, which aspects were considered particularly valuable and which challenges users encountered. Semi-structured interviews and focus group sessions were conducted to explore how patients cope with T2DM in their daily lives and their attitude towards eHealth. In a further step, four eHealth apps were tested by patients and their expectations and experiences studied by way of qualitative interviews and focus groups. The analysis showed that the study participants valued in particular the possibility to use eHealth apps to sense and gain a better understanding of their own body, to learn about specific responses of their body to nutrition and physical activity, and to support changes in daily routines and lifestyle. Key challenges encountered related to difficulties in interpreting the data, matching the data to other bodily sensations, getting overly occupied with the disease and difficulties in integrating the apps into personal, family, and care practices. Under certain conditions, eHealth can play an important role for patients in developing a nuanced, personal understanding of their body and coping with T2DM. A prerequisite is that eHealth needs to be fitted into the specific practices of users, and patients desire a strong role by their care professionals in providing support in interpretation of data.

Women’s voices for the earth: Communication strategies of women candidates on environmental issues in the 2024 election

Environmental issues have become a major focus in political agendas, including the selection of legislative candidates. This research aims to understand the communication strategies of women legislative candidates in shaping political narratives related to environmental issues in Aceh ahead of the 2024 legislative elections. This includes analyzing the communication approaches used, such as through mass media, social media platforms, and direct meetings with voters. Methods: This study used a qualitative approach. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and content analysis of messages delivered by women legislative candidates through various communication channels. Results showed that women legislative candidates successfully used persuasive language to relate environmental issues to voters’ daily lives. Communication strategies included active participation in mass media, use of social media platforms, and direct meetings with voters. The narratives developed strengthened voters’ perceptions of the impact of environmental issues in the local context. This research shows that women in Aceh politics play an important role in shaping political messages related to the environment. Skillful communication strategies helped strengthen the relationship between women legislative candidates and voters, while the narratives created a deeper and more personal understanding of environmental issues.

Death Café conversations: evaluating the educational potential for university students in palliative care teaching.

Discussing death, particularly among future healthcare professionals, remains a challenge. The "Death Café" initiative offers a relaxed setting for such conversations, and this study investigates its educational potential for medical students. To assess the effectiveness of "Death Café" as an educational tool for medical students in palliative care, and to understand students' perceptions and reflections on death and end-of-life topics post-participation. An exploratory qualitative design was employed, analyzing reflections submitted by medical students following voluntary participation in a Death Café session. Medical students from a course on palliative care participated in the "Death Café," a structured yet informal discussion about death in a relaxed café setting. Subsequently, participants submitted written reflections on their experiences. These reflections were analyzed using a thematic analysis method, identifying emerging themes related to the students' perceptions of death, the event, and its impact on their future medical practice. Forty-two students attended the Death Café. Twenty-one reflections were collected from 29 medical students who participated. Most students found the "Death Café" environment conducive to open conversations about death. Key themes included recognizing the fragility of life, the role of medical professionals in end-of-life care, and the personal and professional growth derived from such reflections. The students also highlighted the transformative nature of the event, shifting from discussing death in general to pondering on their roles as future healthcare professionals. Positive feedback indicated the absence of negative comments about the activity, with suggestions provided for future iterations. The "Death Café" serves as an innovative pedagogical approach to medical education, particularly in palliative care teaching. It offers students a platform for sincere dialogue on death and reinforces the significance of integrating innovative methods in medical training. This initiative not only enriches personal understanding but also emphasizes the commitment to holistic patient care.

The Big Five Personality Traits (OCEAN) and Financial Planning

Financial planning has moved beyond a purely economic model and now incorporates aspects of behavioral economics and counseling psychology to better serve clients. In this review, we suggest that personality psychology, particularly the Big Five or OCEAN model of general personality might also be useful in financial planning. Financial planners are well aware that different clients with different personalities bring different opportunities and challenges into the planning session, but planners might benefit from a more formal understanding of client personality. To this end, we describe the Big Five traits – Openness to experience, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness and Neuroticism or OCEAN – and the basic personality science surrounding them. We next examine how each of the OCEAN traits is associated with key financial outcomes including: income, net-worth or wealth, financial literacy, financial risk tolerance, and financial happiness. We discuss profiles of the Big Five traits, including Resilient, Under controlled, and Over controlled profiles. Finally, we discuss some potential benefits for of incorporating personality science into financial planning research and practice.

Particularities of Forensic Study of Criminal Personality

The peculiarities of forensic examination of the criminal personality have been examined through the application of various forensic methods and tactics within the field of forensic science. The authors aimed to explore the forensic structure of the criminal personality in the light of psychological methods during the detection and solving of crimes. To achieve the set goal, general scientific (including observation and comparison, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, theoretical generalization, etc.) and specialized methods (such as grouping and systemic-structural approaches) of scientific research have been employed. The research paper provides information on psychological methods that an investigator should employ, as well as the professional qualities that the investigator should have in order to directly study the criminal personality. The issue of determining the criminal personality within the field of criminology has been investigated by examining, during interrogation and other investigative measures, their individual qualities and characteristics reflected in the traces of crimes (in particular, disclosure of personal characteristics of the criminal with the help of psychological techniques and formation of evidence in investigative and operational practice). The ethical aspect of the impact on the accused individual (suspect) during pre-trial investigation and crime prevention is elucidated in this research paper. The boundaries and principles of admissibility of psychological influence on the criminal’s consciousness are expounded, with morality outlined as a tactical approach to such influence. The classification and typology of criminals into groups and categories are highlighted. Information regarding the understanding of the criminal personality in criminology, achieved through the study of their individual qualities and traits, is presented and reflected in the traces of crimes. It is proved that properly analyzed biographical data about the suspect provides the investigator with the opportunity to effectively influence the criminal’s value system.

불교의 인간관과 대화법에 관한 연구

Buddhism is a human-centered religion. The Buddha emphasized coexistence, interdependent relationships, and the good nature of human beings. Knowing the reality and origin of suffering, overcoming it, and achieving happiness and enlightenment as the ultimate goal is a characteristic of Buddhism. This paper is a study on the Buddhist view of human beings and the use of dialogue methods. The possibility of communication that empathizes with the pain of the other person, the possibility of positive evolution, and the possibility of pursuing true happiness and satisfaction were examined. The Buddhist view of humanity is based on a critique of the caste system in ancient Indian society, human values and karma, the concept of interdependence in familial relations, non-duality(自他不二, the oneness of self and others), the idea that all sentient beings possess Buddha-nature. Buddhist dialogue focuses on the use of right language. They are the avoidance of the lies, divisive speech, harsh speech, and idle chatter. This paper analyzes these ideas and discusses the use of Buddhism's "advising method" and "dagisullbub(對機說法)." The possibility of respect and understanding of the other person was examined, and the possibility of peaceful dialogue was examined through understanding and tolerance of negative emotions and behaviors. Buddhism teaches us to have a conversation in a state of mental calm. Teach empathy and communication with the other person's pain. Emphasizing practice and compassion, it emphasizes that adherence to ethical principles can lead to individuals and societies evolving for the better, and to find true happiness and contentment. By faithfully practicing these basic Buddhist tenets, you will be able to use the basic principles of interpersonal relationships and communication techniques. The purpose of this study is to find out that this Buddhist methodology can help solve various psychological problems in modern society.

재소자 교화를 위한 불교적 접근법에 관한 연구

This paper is a study that deals with the changes in emotional, cognitive, linguistic, and interpersonal relationships of prisoners currently incarcerated in South Korea. There is a limit to healing the prisoner's deep unconscious. Their trauma, cognition, guilt, personality, and emotional understanding require changes in various aspects, but these processes seem to have been omitted. The Buddhist practice method is a Buddhist suggestion for the smooth adjustment of prisoners into society. I think I can heal the underlying problem by looking at my sins objectively. Buddhist practice has been reinterpreted in modern times, and programs such as MBCT, MBSR, and MSC are now being applied in various ways. The foundation of these programs is compassion meditation and Vipassana practice. In particular, by recognizing the breath, meditation allows you to recognize bodily reactions, thoughts, emotions, cognition, etc., through the breath. Penance, Buddhist chanting or Buddhist songs are also Buddhist approaches to inmate reform. Because Buddhist practice is a ascetic religion that aims at knowledge and awareness, it is possible to heal the underlying problem by looking at one's sins objectively. In this article, we have identified the problem of prisoners in prisons in order to apply it to Buddhist practice. He also introduced Buddhist methodologies for inmate reform, such as penance and meditation programs. It is hoped that this study will improve the rehabilitation program for inmates and help them in their lives.

HAKIKAT KURIKULUM DALAM PENDIDIKAN

Curriculum serves as the essential foundation in the educational context, playing a vital role in shaping the learning process. This article explores the essence of curriculum with a focus on its functions, roles, and position in achieving educational objectives.Firstly, the article discusses the function of the curriculum as the main guide in determining what, how, and when learning materials are presented to students. This function encompasses the role of the curriculum as a tool to achieve national educational goals and develop essential skills for learners.Next, the role of the curriculum is explained through the perspectives of teachers and students. Teachers, as implementers of the curriculum, play a key role in transferring knowledge, shaping skills, and guiding the character development of students. Meanwhile, students, as learning subjects, absorb curriculum content to develop personal understanding and skills.Then, the position of the curriculum within the framework of national and global education becomes the focus of the study. How the curriculum reflects local cultural values while integrating global dimensions is an integral part of this approach.This research integrates theoretical and practical perspectives to provide a holistic understanding of the essence of the curriculum, explaining how the curriculum is not only a formal document but also a life guide for learners.

Peran Pendidikan Ekonomi Syariah Dalam Penerapan Halal Lifestyle

This study aims to determine the role of Islamic economic education in implementing a halal lifestyle. The low level of Islamic economic literacy is also thought to affect a person's understanding of mindset and behavior. The methodology in this study is to use qualitative, descriptive, and exploratory, through library research and literature review. Sharia economic education can make a positive contribution to the implementation of a halal lifestyle. This is because Islamic economic education provides knowledge about the rules of muamalah and also about the halal industry. In the context of implementing a halal lifestyle, Sharia economic education can provide an understanding of the concepts of halal and haram, as well as strengthen awareness of choosing halal products and services. So the application of a halal lifestyle can provide benefits not only for individuals but also for society to the natural environment.

Strengthening the Accessibility of Persons with Disabilities through Political Education in the 2024 General Election in Medan City

The low participation of people with disabilities in elections is an issue that needs attention. Several studies have shown that people are not yet sensitive to the political rights of persons with disabilities. In addition, the lack of election accessibility for persons with disabilities is also an obstacle. Persons with disabilities are one of the large minority groups in Medan City. Therefore, this service aims to provide an understanding of strengthening the accessibility of persons with disabilities through political education in general elections in Medan City. Participatory Learning and Action methods through learning procedures that combine lecture techniques and participatory discussions to group learning are carried out in this activity. Firstly, this service activity was conducted with the Indonesian Blind Association (Pertuni) of Medan City, which includes learning about political education. Secondly, increasing the understanding of persons with disabilities about the importance of exercising their voting rights. Third, providing an understanding of political accessibility and political rights for persons with disabilities. The service results recommend that activity participants increase their understanding of the rights and obligations of citizens to vote. For the knowledge implemented in political education to run well, continuous coaching and mentoring are needed for the Indonesian Blind Association (Pertuni) in Medan City.

Ways of Genesis for an Individual's Ontological Status in an Archaic Culture (on Ukrainian Folklore Materials)

The problems of philosophical comprehension of the spiritual aspect of the culture of this ethnic group at the archaic stage of its development are among the least studied. The article examines the important and practically untouched issue in our literature of identifying the stages of the genesis of the collective self-consciousness of the ancestors of Ukrainians through their understanding of their ontological status. Cognition of this aspect of the spiritual world of ancestors is carried out through the analysis of the most archaic genres in our folklore—spells and ritual actions. The logical stages of a person's understanding of their place and purpose in the world are distinguished through the analysis of their awareness of relations with the highest spiritual forces. In the context of the pagan worldview, the earliest form of self-awareness of an individual through their relationship with the highest spiritual beings was the position of subjection, worship to these beings, as evidenced by the texts of spells that have reached our time and fragments of rituals. By dominating over nature and mastering social relations, a person begins to realise themselves as a being stronger than evil spiritual forces, and in healing magic (in the texts of spells) appear motives of threats to evil spirits, orders to them, and this is a manifestation of a new stage of awareness by a person about their ontological status. In the process of the cultural-historical transition of the ancestors of Ukrainians from paganism to Christianity, there can be distinguished several stages of awareness of changes in the ontological status of the individual. Christianity in the spiritual world of the individual initially appears only as an external surround of the pagan worldview paradigm – Christian characters appear in the form of altered pagan spirits and gods, while the ontological status of a person remains unchanged. At the next stage, Christianity absorbs pagan plots and characters, filling them with Christian values. Later in the spells, the subject weakens his participation in the fight against evil forces, giving this role to the Christian characters. The genesis of the ontological status here is contradictory: a person feels under the care of powerful Christian forces, which strengthens the processes of historical self-affirmation, and at the same time is completely dependent on these forces, weakening the feeling of being an autonomous being.

Embodied Transnational Belonging

This article, based on a collection of 53 interviews with people who migrated from Poland to Norway, discusses how transnational sentiments, nostalgia, and attachments to places and people materialize through the bodily experiences of the mobile subjects. It conceptualizes the notion of embodied transnational belonging, understood as a dynamic, bodily felt materialization of social, cultural, political, economic, and affective processes that assist the emplacement of mobile people in new localities, and that span the borders of nation-states. Theoretically, the article builds on the premises of the sensory turn in social sciences and utilizes the concepts from anthropology, health studies and migration and mobility studies interdisciplinarily. Methodologically, it employs photo elicitation interviews. It discusses how the concept of embodied transnational belonging can be used to extend the understanding of migrant persons’ transnationality. By doing so, it addresses a knowledge gap in transnational studies, attempting to theoretically open the conceptualization of transnational belonging to the bodily dimension. The article suggests that transnationalism is exercised on a level of a bodily experience of the migrant persons, and hence transnationality is not a solely mental/rational phenomenon, but also a bodily/physical one.

Macro- and microstructure of an autobiographic genre: linguistic and cognitive aspects

The article is devoted to the study of sports autobiography specifics as an institutional discourse genre. The relevance of the study is determined not only by the need for a systematic linguistic study of literary texts in new conditions dictated by the lingua-cognitive research paradigm, but also by the fact that in modern linguistic researches sports autobiography is not sufficiently represented as a discursive genre. The study purpose is to identify structural regularities of an autobiography used to create the image of the main character and to represent professionally and personally oriented relationships in sport. Achieving this goal involves solving the following tasks: 1) developing an algorithm for lingua-cognitive analysis of a sports autobiography text, 2) determining the macro- and microstructural units of the discursive genre under consideration. The research material is based on the autobiographies of boxer M. Tyson «Undisputed Truth» and chess player A. Karpov «Life and Chess. My autobiography». Due to objective and subjective factors, the autobiographies differ significantly in lexical, stylistic, and thematic aspects. However, both autobiographies have several common features and characteristics that have been established during the study. In particular, the use of content analysis contributed to the identification of six macrostructural components of sports autobiographies and the results of the directed associative experiment made it possible to identify frames that act as sports autobiography microstructural components. The results of the study develop and complement the theoretical principles of discourse science and expand the understanding of the modern professional linguistic personality of a sportsman.

Personalization of politics through visuals: Interplay of identity, ideology, and gender in the 2021 West Bengal Assembly Election Campaign

Visual messaging is a cornerstone of campaign strategies of political parties and candidates that can complement and amplify the effects of the written/spoken word. Through a thematic analysis of the Facebook ads of the two main political parties during the 2021 West Bengal assembly elections in India, this paper shows the interplay of identity, ideology, and gender in the visual communication strategies of political parties on Facebook as they tried to mobilize voters in an intensely polarized context. Both the incumbent and the opposition parties framed issues in their visual campaigns that were culturally situated; these issues centered around identity and ideology while simultaneously emphasizing strong leadership with gendered rhetoric. Our findings contribute to the advancement of theoretical understanding of political personalization, highlighting the intricate interplay between gender, ideological inclinations, and cultural identity, all of which profoundly influence the personalization process in the context of an intensely polarized election campaign.