Personal Protection System Research Articles

IoT-Based Personal Protective Equipment Monitoring System to Prevent the Risk of Dehydration in Health Workers for COVID-19 Pandemic

The extraordinary case of Covid-19 has made health workers the front line in handling it. To prevent the risk of contracting, health workers must use Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) as protection. PPE that must be worn for at least 5 hours a day and is waterproof makes users experience much sweating. If not prevented, health workers can be exposed to dehydration and even death. Based on the explanation above, PPE has been designed that can cool IoT-based health workers. Also, all activities can be monitored remotely via the WEB, accessible via a smartphone or computer. In addition to WEB, data can be displayed via the LCD. The DHT22 sensor and the airflow sensor will detect the hazmat's temperature, humidity, and airflow. Furthermore, the tool is also equipped with UVC rays that can clean the air from microorganisms. Activity data will be stored in cloud storage, which is helpful as an evaluation material and reference for health workers' health progress. From the tests' results, the tool will function when the temperature and humidity follow the setpoint.

A simulation study to assess fluid leakage through the glove-gown interface in isolation settings

Isolation gowns are recommended to protect healthcare personnel, patients, and visitors from transfer of microorganisms and body fluids in patient isolation situations. Standards provide limited information about barrier performance of isolation gowns for possible exposure scenarios. One of the most vulnerable areas of the personal protective equipment ensemble is considered the glove-gown interface. However, current isolation gown classification standards do not consider the interface regions of the personal protective equipment system while assessing the level of protection. The purpose of this study was to quantitatively evaluate the fluid leakage through the glove-gown interface by simulating exposures and healthcare personnel arm movements in patient care for isolation settings. We tested fluid leakage of two examination gloves with different cuff lengths and seven isolation gown models designed with varying levels of barrier resistance and multiple cuff types. Our results demonstrated that leakage through the glove-gown interface depends on multiple factors, including glove cuff length and gown cuff design. Gowns with the thumb loop design provided better protection than the elastic cuff design, and the elastic cuff design provided better protection compared to the knit cuff design for a given AAMI PB70 level. More importantly, a substantial penetration through gown fabrics was observed. This research identifies a need to develop a standardized method to evaluate leakage at the glove-gown interface to improve worker protection.

Protective Multifunctional Fibrous Systems Based on Natural Fibers and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles.

In recent years, an unprecedented increase in the development of products and technologies to protect the human being has been observed. Now, more than ever, the world population is exposed to several threats, harmful to their well-being and health. Chemical and biological hazardous agents stand out as one of the biggest threats, not only for the military forces, but also for the civilians. Consequently, it’s essential to develop personal protective systems that are able to protect their user, not only passively, but actively, being able to detect, adsorb, degrade and decontaminate pesticides, pollutants, microorganisms and most importantly: chemical/biological warfare agents. One recent strategy for the development of active fibrous structures with improved functions and new properties is their functionalization with nanoparticles (NPs), especially metal oxides. Although their known effectiveness in the decomposition of harmful agents, the NPs could also include other functionalities in the same structure using low quantities of material, without adding extra weight, which is of huge importance for a soldier in the battlefield. The use of natural fibers as the substrate is also very interesting, since this material is a much sustainable alternative when compared to synthetic ones, also providing excellent properties.

Multi-Criterial Analysis Tool to Design a Hybrid Ballistic Plate.

The presented research focuses on the concept of an advanced ballistic personal protection design, taking into account safety as well as performance requirements. The application of the multi-criterial analysis (MCA) allows for a comprehensive comparison of all the properties of materials and to select the optimal personal ballistic protection system, considering their mechanical and ballistic properties. The newly developed hybrid ballistic composites, consisting of two or three various components (variations of ballistic and/or non-ballistic textiles; hybrid ballistic plates—HBP), were evaluated via a multi-criterial analysis that considered a wide range of properties, describing behavior and safety usage, as well as the economical aspect of their fabrication.

Nanomedicine: A Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approach to COVID-19.

The SARS-CoV-2 virus is causing devastating morbidity and mortality worldwide. Nanomedicine approaches have a high potential to enhance conventional diagnostics, drugs and vaccines. In fact, lipid nanoparticle/mRNA vaccines are already widely used to protect from COVID-19. In this review, we present an overview of the taxonomy, structure, variants of concern, epidemiology, pathophysiology and detection methods of SARS-CoV-2. The efforts of repurposing, tailoring, and adapting pre-existing medications to battle COVID-19 and the state of vaccine developments are presented. Next, we discuss the broad concepts and limitations of how nanomedicine could address the COVID-19 threat. Nanomaterials are particles in the nanometer scale (10–100 nm) which possess unique properties related to their size, polarity, structural and chemical composition. Nanoparticles can be composed of precious metals (copper, silver, gold), inorganic materials (graphene, silicon), proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, RNA/DNA, or conjugates, combinations and polymers of all of the aforementioned. The advanced biochemical features of these nanoscale particles allow them to directly interact with virions and irreversibly disrupt their structure, which can render a virus incapable of replicating within the host. Virus-neutralizing coats and surfaces impregnated with nanomaterials can enhance personal protective equipment, hand sanitizers and air filter systems. Nanoparticles can enhance drug-based therapies by optimizing uptake, stability, target cell-specific delivery, and magnetic properties. In fact, recent studies have highlighted the potential of nanoparticles in different aspects of the fight against SARS-CoV-2, such as enhancing biosensors and diagnostic tests, drug therapies, designing new delivery mechanisms, and optimizing vaccines. This article summarizes the ongoing research on diagnostic strategies, treatments, and vaccines for COVID-19, while emphasizing the potential of nanoparticle-based pharmaceuticals and vaccines.

Proposal for a method for analysing smart personal protective systems

ABSTRACT The emergence of ‘smart’ or ‘intelligent’ personal protective systems (SPPS) raises new questions with regard to occupational risk prevention. While manufacturers and standardization bodies are wondering about the safety requirements applicable when designing or assessing such equipment, the user companies wonder about the performance and the limits of such equipment and the risks associated with its use. This article first gives a definition for SPPS in order to clarify the exchanges between the stakeholders. It then proposes a four-stage approach to deal with the concepts of systems and intelligence applied to personal protective equipment. For the ‘smart’ parts, it is proposed, by analogy with the field of ‘machinery’, to define a safety level for the ‘smart’ parts which participate in the individual protection functions. In order to show its applicability, this approach is then applied to four examples of SPPS.

Разработка метода проведения аудита системы технической защиты информации

Information processes, as well as information resources, manage information of varying degrees of importance for the enterprise. In this regard, the protection of such information is one of the most important procedures in the field of state security, the importance of which is growing every year. The problem of information security – the reliable provision of its safety and the established status of use – is one of the most important problems of our time. The paper considers the existing standards in the field of information security audit. The author has developed an innovative model of audit of the information security system based on the comparison of demand measures of order no. 21 of the FSTEC of Russia and ways of implementation in the subsystem of the information system of personal data protection, the recommendations for inspections of specific measures of protection and used technology audit technical means. The developed method is tested on the example of conducting an audit in “Lama” LLC company. The choice was made to establish the compliance of the organization’s personal data protection system with the requirements of order no. 21 of the FSTEC of Russia. Recommendations have been developed to eliminate the existing shortcomings and inconsistencies by re-equipping the anti-virus protection subsystem and the subsystem of inter-network shielding and protection of communication channels.

Details of Inspection of Static Ropes with Polyester Sheath after Contact with Various Acids

This article considers static ropes - one of the components of a personal fall protection system when working at heights. The issue of accidents when working at heights in Russia and abroad is raised. The inspection of the ropes is considered as one of the local mechanisms to reduce injuries when performing work at heights, as well as the advanced training of specialists responsible for the inspection of personal protective equipment against falling from a height. The effect of acid solutions most commonly encountered in industrial activities with short-term contact and with prolonged contact on polyamide ropes is investigated. Recommendations are given for a more competent use of these products in various situations without compromising safety. The questions of solving the problem of the hidden effect of acids on static ropes with a polyester sheath are raised.

전염병 예방치료에 있어서 개인정보보호제도 정비에 관한 연구 - 프라이버시권 보호모델과 개인정보자기결정권 보호모델의 비교를 중심으로 -

인터넷이 널리 보급된 오늘날에 있어서 개인정보의 프라이버시권 보호모델은 개인정보 보호와 이용의 요구를 충족시키기 어렵다. 개인정보자기결정권의 이론은 개인정보를 기본적으로 자기의 결정에 따라 보호하여야 하지만 그 보호와 이용에 있어서는 균형 있게 대처해야 한다는 것이다. 전염병 예방치료 과정에서 개인정보 보호의 필요성도 있으나 동시에 그 보호에 적절한 제한을 가하는 것이 요구된다. 전염병 예방치료 분야의 특수성으로 인하여 개인정보 보호를 더욱 엄격하게 하면서도 개인정보 보호의 제한과 그 제한의 정도를 파악함에 있어서는 전염병 예방치료의 특별한 주체·목적·정보사용범위 등을 종합적으로 고려하여야 한다. 중국의 「중화인민공화국전염병예방치료법」(中華人民共和國傳染病防治法)(이하 “전염병예방치료법”이라 함)과 「중화인민공화국돌발응급조례」(中華人民共和國突發應急條例)(이하 “돌발응급조례”라 함)는 전염병 예방치료에 관한 법령으로서 개인정보보호에 관하여 여전히 프라이버시권 보호모델을 취하고 있다. 이 때문에 전염병 예방치료 과정에서 개인정보 보호와 이용 간에 불균형이 초래되고 있다.<BR> 따라서 앞으로 중국 전염병 예방치료 분야에서는 개인정보자기결정권 이론을 참고하되 전염병 예방치료의 현실을 바탕으로 개인정보 보호와 이용에 관한 상세한 규칙을 마련하는 것이 바람직하다. 구체적으로 보면, 개인정보수집단계에서 개인정보의 수집 주체를 입법으로 명확히 함은 물론, 각 유형에 따라 전염병 예방치료에 있어서의 개인정보 수집 범위도 입법으로 명확하여야 한다. 개인정보 이용단계에서도 익명화된 개인정보의 이용에 관하여 규정으로 엄격히 명시하고, 익명화된 개인정보 이용에 관한 표본을 제공하는 것이 필요하다. 또한 전염병 예방치료와 돌발적 응급의료에 있어서 개인정보 모니터링시스템에 대한 접근권한을 부여하고, 각 전염병 예방치료 조직 간에 정보를 공유하도록 하여야 한다. 마지막으로 개인정보 보호에 관한 전문 관리 인력의 배치를 입법으로 규정하고, 개인정보의 전 수명주기를 관통하는 사전․사중․사후의 개인정보보호 메카니즘을 구축하여야 한다.

Raport szacowania ryzyka doboru środków bezpieczeństwa

Artykuł ukazuje zarys zarządzania ryzykiem w zakresie doboru środków bezpieczeństwa. Postuluje procedury w zakresie ograniczania ryzyka względem bezpieczeństwa ochrony danych osobowych w parafii, a w szczególności określa metodykę i zasady zarządzania ryzykiem związanym z przetwarzaniem danych i ich przechowywaniem. Analiza skutków zagrożeń i prawdopodobieństwa ich wystąpienia ocenia skalę tychże skutków, wskazuje na przykładowe zagrożenia na płaszczyźnie bezpieczeństwa informacji oraz dobór środków bezpieczeństwa, czyli sposobów postępowania w konkretnych sytuacjach zapobiegających ich utracie. Sugerowane działania zmniejszające ryzyko mogą przyczynić się do organizacji systemu ochrony danych osobowych w parafii, zwłaszcza przez ściśle określony i przestrzegany system zabezpieczeń danych.

Personalized Cooling System Using Phase Change Materials

The most widely used personal protective system against heat stress is cooling vest that contains phase change material (PCM) for thermal energy storage. PCMs have the property of absorbing/releasing heat when they change their phase at their melting point. If the PCM has greater heat of fusion, more heat is absorbed; furthermore, good thermal conductivity assists in efficient removal of heat. In this work different PCMs are explored for use in personalized cooling vest. Hexadecane is finally selected to be used as a PCM having a melting point of 18-20 °C (which lies in the human thermal comfort) and heat of fusion of 241 kJ/kg. Carbon nanotubes have excellent capability of increasing thermal conductivity of a material. Carbon nanotubes were added in hexadecane, and latent heat of fusion of the mixture increased up to 262.6 kJ/kg.

Buddying up: implementing a personal protective equipment buddy system in a care home environment

With the third wave of COVID-19 once again gripping the country, care home staff are under increasing pressure. Karen Hayes and Gail Beckett outline the introduction of a personal protective equipment buddy system that was well received by those working in a care home environment in their locality.

PROBLEMS OF PERSONAL DATA PROTECTION IN THE FINANCIAL MARKETING SYSTEM

Introduction. In the conditions of considerable strengthening of a competition between the enterprises in the market the important task for them is observance of business ethics – principles and norms of behavior. These norms directly concern both the internal environment of enterprises (their development of product, price and sales policy, promotion of goods and services) and the external environment (customer service, maintaining relations with suppliers and intermediaries, conducting environmentally friendly activities). Although information security technologies are advancing rapidly, even leading experts cannot always guarantee the absolute security of customers’ personal data. The bigger, more influential and profitable a company is, the more attempts and ways to steal important data from outsiders and competing companies appear. The article outlines the problems of personal data protection in the financial marketing system. The purpose of the article is to systematize the scientific basis for ensuring effective protection of personal data of consumers of financial marketing. Methods. The study used general scientific and specific methods that ensure the reliability of the results and conclusions: dialectical, epistemological and logical; induction, deduction, scientific abstraction and generalization; structural analysis; techniques of abstract-logical method; comparative and content analysis. Results. It has been established that the majority of personal data leaks occur due to the human factor – intentional or unintentional actions of employees of enterprises. The main reasons for information leakage outside the enterprise have been identified. The methods of ensuring the protection of personal data are grouped into three groups: economically organizational, legal, software and technical. Perspectives. The subject of further scientific research is an in-depth study of the problems of financial marketing in the personal data protection system.

ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL EXCHANGE OF PERSONAL DATA AND THE RISKS OF THEIR PROTECTION

For the economic sector, new technology and communication have become real challenges. Personal data has become an important key to penetrate new markets and several firms are specialized in their collections and sales. Using customer profiles, marketing departments make it easier for them to predict customer behavior and beat competitors. The free movement of goods, payments and data are increasingly common among countries and the protection of personal data is increasingly called into question. Notably, the postmandemic period has significantly increased the distance relationships and data exchange rates. This situation has also contributed to social media addiction. It should be noted that in such a period it is important to increase the level of awareness of Internet users and to be especially careful when issuing data. An important step has been the introduction of a new regulation (GDPR) in the personal data protection system since 2018, which has revised and refined the existing rules and regulations. Especially noteworthy are the Right to be forgetten and the right to data portability.

Risk-Informed Benefit–Cost Analysis for Homeland Security R&amp;D: Methodology and an Application to Evaluating the Advanced Personal Protection System for Wildland Firefighters

AbstractThis article describes a methodology for a risk-informed benefit–cost analysis that includes (i) risk analysis to quantify risk reduction benefits and (ii) uncertainty analyses to quantify probability distributions over costs and benefits. It also summarizes the lessons from 25 applications of this methodology to evaluate R&amp;D projects of the Science and Technology Directorate of the Department of Homeland Security. The article then illustrates the methodology with a specific application to evaluate the benefits and costs of the Advanced Personal Protection System (APPS), a new garment system developed to protect wildland firefighters. The goals of the APPS project were to reduce risk and to improve comfort. The cost analysis revealed that the APPS garments are more expensive by about $279 per garment system. Total costs were roughly $7.3 million, including the upfront project cost and the increased 5 year cost of purchasing the APPS. Benefits from reduced injuries and fatalities resulted in 5 year benefits of about $19.3 million, with an NPV of $13.6 million in 2019 dollars. In the base case, the benefit–cost ratio was 2.87 and the return on investment was 187 % over 5 years. Taking the perspective of a decision-maker when the project was first funded in 2011, NPVs are $11,993,728, $10,025,519, and $7,967,479 in 2011 dollars for discount rates of 0, 3, and 7 % respectively. An uncertainty analysis of the NPV showed a large variability, ranging from the 5th percentile of $6.4 million to a median of $19.3 million to the 95th percentile of $43.7 million in 2019 dollars. This large range was primarily due to the uncertainty about the reduction of fatality and injury risks and the market penetration rates of the new garments.

Independence of the President of the Personal Data Protection Office as a Guarantee for the Personal Data Protection System

Independence of the President of the Personal Data Protection Office as a Guarantee for the Personal Data Protection System

Concept of Development to Regulate Relations in the Field of Artificial Intelligence Technologies and Robotics: Analysis of the Main Provisions

Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 2129-R of August 19, 2020 approved the Concept to regulate relations in the field of artificial intelligence and robotics technologies until 2024. This document currently represents a set of legal perspectives in this area and it also defines the framework for creating a multidimensional legal platform in the field of robotics and artificial intelligence. The concept offers different ways to regulate artificial intelligence and robotics systems, in particular, it considers issues related to liability insurance for damage caused by artificial intelligence systems or robots, data exchange and personal data protection systems, problems of exporting artificial intelligence systems and robots, and so on. Analysis of the main provisions of the Concept allowed us to conclude that, given the variety of directions taken into account the document, we can say that, overall, the document is quite logical in the framework of the issue under consideration and with some refinement and additions of individual sections it may take its rightful place among similar foreign analogues.

Exploring Nurses' Perceptions of Safety: A Phenomenological Study.

The purpose of the study is to explore the lived experiences of nurses with regard to their personal safety and to identify the fundamental structures underlying nurse safety. A qualitative descriptive phenomenological design, using the data analysis method proposed by Colaizzi, was used. Eleven nurses participated in the study between March and July 2019. The research findings indicated the fundamental structure of nurse safety encompasses 3 categories: "nurses' personal protection systems," "safety support systems," and "risk factors." The fundamental structure identified in this study can contribute to better understanding and insight regarding the safety of nurses.

Advancements in the Personal Information Protection System in Japan

This article aims to overview the recent amendment of the Act on the Protection of Personal Information in Japan and discusses how it has made advancements and how it should address new challenges; furthermore, it shows future perspectives of Japanese data protection regime from both the national and international viewpoints. Overall, this amendment has heightened data protection levels by strengthening individual rights, reinforcing the obligations of Business Operators Handling Personal Information, raising the maximum amount for pecuniary fines, strengthening enforcements, and enhancing transparency. There are certain similarities and differences between the General Data Protection Regulation in the EU and the Japanese Act on the Protection of Personal Information. It is important to elaborate on international coordination between enacting sanctions delivered by multiple jurisdictions. In addition to the amended Act, the Cabinet Secretariat and the Personal Information Protection Commission in Japan jointly launched the Expert Committee on Reviewing Personal Information Protection System in order to review Japan’s overall data protection regime. The current Japanese personal information protection system stipulates multiple regulations depending on the category of entities that handle personal information. Creating a comprehensive data protection mechanism by eliminating unnecessary divergences in data protection provisions would be a great advancement in achieving ideal data protection system. Personal Information Protection, Japan, General Data Protection Regulation, Adequacy

Guest Editor’s Note: Ten-Year Overview of the Rapid Growth of the Japanese Personal Information Protection System

Guest Editor’s Note: Ten-Year Overview of the Rapid Growth of the Japanese Personal Information Protection System