Personal Motivation Research Articles

Vaccine Hesitancy Among Us Travelers

Diseases are increasing in prevalence around the world. American travelers are at greater risk of contracting the disease when traveling outside the country to an endemic region. The safety of visitors to mosquito-endemic destinations is more important than ever. Because a vaccine does not exist for prevention or as a prophylactic, tourists are in jeopardy of fatal sicknesses. Thus, if a vaccine existed, it would be important to understand the likelihood of taking such a vaccine. This study sought to identify specific demographic and attitudinal variables that may be the best predictors of the likelihood of getting a Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) vaccine. An online survey of US travelers intending to travel to the Caribbean in the next 3‐5 years was used to gather information related to personal protection motivations, behaviors, and knowledge of CHIKV. Hierarchical logistic regression was used to determine the best predictor of getting a CHIKV vaccine. Results suggested that the best predictor of getting the vaccine was trust. Using scenarios and predicting the use of vaccines in today’s environment are effective ways of determining vaccine support and the likelihood of engaging in this personal protective behavior, should it become commercially available. Such efforts can improve ways to manage, control, and message regarding CHIKV.

A Review Study of the Impact of Age, Gender, and Social Class on Second Language Learning

Social factors are one of the important factors that affect second language learning. It has been shown that age can affect language proficiency and learning strategies. The factors that affect second language learning include educational factors, social factors, learner personality factors, and motivation and interest. The study aims to examine the effects of age, gender, and social class on Second Language Learning and provide insights into how these factors can influence language learning outcomes and strategies. This article mainly studies the impact of social factors on second language learning. Among social factors, age, gender, and social class are important factors. This article will summarize empirical research in recent years to verify the impact of social factors on foreign language learners’ learning. Understanding the impact of age, gender, and social class on second language learning can help educators and learners develop more effective language learning strategies and create inclusive learning environments.

The Relationships Between Personality Traits and Online Game Playing Motivations Amongst College Students

As studies focusing on the psychological dynamics of multiplayer realistic battle games in Malaysia is quite limited, the present study attempts to investigate the relationships between personality traits and online game-playing (PUBG; Player Unknown’s Battle Ground) motivations amongst college students. A total of 200 students who are actively playing voluntarily answered the Mini-IPIP (Mini-International Personality Item Pool Scales) (Donellan et al, 2006) and Motivation for Play (Yee, 2006) to measure personality traits and types of motivation in playing online games. Descriptive and inferential analyses were conducted and the results indicated that the most prevalent personality traits among the players are Agreeableness followed by Extraversion. In addition, Escapism and Social are the strongest reasons reported for playing the PUBG. Males are significantly higher in Advancement, Mechanics, Customization and Discovery in-game motivation as compared to females. Significant correlations are found in a few analyses, namely Extraversion was positively related with Advancement motivation, and Agreeableness was positively related to Teamwork motivation. Lastly, Conscientiousness was positively related with Competition motivation. The results further supported the personality and in-game motivation for future research directions.

Participation experience in self-care program for type 2 diabetes: A mixed-methods study

Purpose: This study aimed to explore the participation experiences of patients with type 2 diabetes in an Automated Personalized Self-Care program, assess the changes in self-care behavior and glycemic control, and evaluate the stages of change and readiness to change using the transtheoretical model (TTM). Methods: We examined 16 patients with type 2 diabetes who participated in a diabetes self-care program using a mobile application. Purposive sampling continued until data saturation. Using a mixed method study, we analyzed the participants’ characteristics, self-care behavior, stage of change, and readiness to change quantitatively and analyzed the qualitative data using Elo and Kyngas’s content analysis method. Results: The compliance group (CG) showed improved self-care behavior and glycemic control. In the CG, the proportion of participants in the action stage was higher in the exercise and diet domains and lower in the blood glucose testing and medication domains than in the non-compliance group (NCG). Readiness to change, motivation for health behaviors, and social motivation were higher in the CG, whereas personal motivation was higher in the NCG. In this qualitative study, three categories and 11 subcategories were identified. The findings suggest the CG regarded their experience in the program more frequently as positive, whereas the NCG perceived greater barriers to using the mobile application in the program. Conclusion: Based on the differences identified between the CG and NCG, TTM-based strategies are needed to facilitate the progression of NCG to the action stage.

Leo Strauss’s Reading of Spinoza and the Art of “be Alert to the Art of Writing”

Leo Strauss’s way of reading of Spinoza’s Theologico-Political Treatise got changed after his rediscovery of exotericism. As early as in the comment article on Hermann Cohen’s analysis of Spinoza’s Bible science, Strauss put forward that the Treatise should not be understood on the basis of our readers’ own presupposes of Spinoza’s personal motives. Later, in Spinoza’s Critique of Religion (1930), Strauss indeed read the Treatise literally, trying to understand it on the basis of Spinoza’s explicit statements. After the rediscovery of exotericism in 1930s, however, Strauss’s way of reading got changed. Strauss became very alert to Spinoza’s way of writing. Strauss found that Spinoza spoke with a view to the capacity of the vulgar and practiced exoteric writing. Some of Spinoza’s explicit statements were addressed to the non-philosophic majority and were not Spinoza’s true teachings. Based on this, Strauss regarded not all of Spinoza’s explicit statements, but those most opposed to what Spinoza considered the vulgar view, as well as those with an implication of a heterodox character, as expressing Spinoza’s true views. Strauss shows that “be alert to the art of writing” means two things. First, understand the author’s explicit statements. And second, try to find whether there are teachings that are different from or even opposed to the explicit statements. Keywords: Leo Strauss, exotericism, Spinoza, theologico-political treatise

Do CEOs with new compound surnames have better ESG performance? Evidence from China

In the cultural context of “the children follow the father's surname,” the incorporation of both parents' surnames into the children's surnames (i.e., the “new compound surnames” phenomenon) reflects the conceptual change that occurred during the modernization of society. Using a sample of Chinese A-share listed firms from 2011 to 2020, this study examines whether firms led by CEOs with new compound surnames are associated with better environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance. We find that firms led by CEOs with new compound surnames have significantly higher ESG performance scores. This finding holds after an array of robustness checks. We also find that the effect of CEOs with new compound surnames on ESG performance is more pronounced for non-state-owned enterprises, firms led by CEOs with lower personal economic motivation, and firms located in areas with higher marketization. Our study contributes to the research on executive characteristics and informal institutions by exploring the informativeness of CEOs' new compound surnames and has important implications for corporate governance.

Peculiarities of motivation in sports training

The article examines the current issues of motivation in sports training and identifies its main features. It is noted that the study of motivation in sports training is important both from the point of view of science and practice, because during sports much attention is paid to the personality of the athlete, his professionally important qualities and individual typological features. It is determined that motivation is a process in which a person motivates himself to action, as a result of which he will achieve the goal and fulfill the tasks. It is emphasized that motivation in sports training is associated with intrinsic motivation and achievement motivation. Intrinsic motivation is what motivates a person to act to increase their self-confidence and independence, rather than for an external goal. Achievement motivation is a type of activity motivation that is associated with a person's need to succeed and avoid failure The main features of motivation in sports training are substantiated, namely: motivation in sports training has the form of a three-level pyramid, the higher the level, the higher the athlete's motivation to train; the second feature is the athlete's personal motives that encourage him or her to train systematically; the third feature is achievement motivation, which is a relatively stable attribute of the individual. However, it is also a dynamic formation and begins to act (actualizes) in interaction with situational factors, such as the value and probability (chances) of achieving success in a particular field of activity. Achievement motivation, i.e., the desire to succeed in a particular type of activity, includes not only achievement motives (stable personality attributes), but also situational factors (value, probability of success, complexity of the task). Prospect for further research is to conduct an empirical study to determine the personal constructs of motivation in sports training.

“No Mortal Can Keep a Secret”: Reading Freud’s Cases as Preparation for Candidates’ First Efforts to Write About Their Patients

ABSTRACT Clinical writing is sometimes viewed cynically, as a way to ensure progression – through training and beyond – by demonstrating one’s allegiance to received views. For candidates and faculty alike, this belief may defend against awareness of an even more troubling truth: that in writing about one’s patients, one inevitably reveals a great deal about oneself. As Freud’s remark on Dora’s chattering fingertips implies, even writers who aspire to stay within the bounds of received wisdom may betray themselves. In this paper, I present a way of teaching Freud’s first two major cases (“Dora” and “Hans”) as prelude to a clinical case writing sequence at my institute. When teaching Freud, I encourage candidates to read his writing as we might hope for others to read ours: both critically and sympathetically. With perspective provided by knowledge of Freud’s personal history and era, we discuss the implicit personal and political motivations that are now possible to discern between the lines of his texts. When teaching clinical writing courses, I remind candidates of our earlier, shared encounter with Freud; in writing about their patients, they too will reveal more than they can know in advance. I encourage candidates to embrace this feature of case writing, and to regard their peers and instructors as companions in a quest to understand their patients and themselves. Though I recommend including some study of Freud’s cases in candidates’ writing instruction, I also argue the importance of finding one’s own, unique approach to teaching the practice of clinical writing, which is – for every clinician – deeply personal.

Effect of Personality and Learning Motivation on Students’ English Reading Skills

The study aims to explore the influence of personality and learning motivation on students' English reading skills. Individual personality can play an important role in the learning process, while learning motivation is a key factor that affects student skill levels. The study involved the participation of students from a variety of backgrounds, using quantitative methods to collect data through questionnaires and experiments using 2x2 design factorials. Students with more open personalities tend to show improvements in their reading skills. Moreover, learning motivation also has a significant impact on reading skills, with students with high motivation tending to have better reading skill levels. The population in this study was class XI of SMAN 1 Bojonegara with samples selected by random sampling which amounted to 68 students. The instruments used were test and questionnaire with the form of 20 multiple choice questions and 30 questionnaire. For data collection techniques in this study using test and questionnaire. The results showed a significant effect between student personality and learning motviation on students reading skill. The F0 value is 5.072 and Sig. is 0.028 < 0.05. Thus, the null hypothesis (H0) is rejected and the alternative hypothesis (H1) is accepted. That is, there is an interaction between student personality and learning motivation on students reading skill

Social work educators and student wellness needs

ABSTRACT When students struggle with inconsistent food or housing, social distress, or mental health challenges, this can directly impede their learning. Social Work educators in the United States were surveyed to understand what influences their sense of responsibility to address these student issues. 74% of the 116 respondents indicated that they have developed an increased sense of responsibility to address these issues over their time as educators. Student focused concerns were the most common motivation guiding this sense of responsibility, followed by personal and professional motivations. Understanding how social work educators determine how and when to address student wellness needs will continue to influence student learning and the development of future social workers.

A roadmap for sustainable implementation of vocational rehabilitation for people with mental disorders and its outcomes: a qualitative evaluation

BackgroundPeople suffering from mental health disorders have lower work participation compared to people without mental challenges. To increase work participation within this group vocational rehabilitation interventions are often offered. Collaboration between the mental health care and social security sectors is needed to enable professionals to perform optimally when carrying out these interventions. Yet, regulatory and financial barriers often hinder sustainable implementation. To overcome these barriers an experimental roadmap for sustainable funding based on a shared savings strategy was piloted in four regions. The aim of the present qualitative study was to gain understanding of the uses of this roadmap and the factors that were important in the experiment’s process.MethodThe roadmap consisted of five steps based upon insights from shared savings strategies and implementation science knowledge, and was initiated by a national steering board. The roadmap aimed to make sustainable funding agreements (based on shared savings) for the implementation of a vocational rehabilitation intervention. In four regions, stakeholders from the mental health care and social security services sector followed the roadmap. We conducted interviews (n = 16) with involved participants and project leaders of the experiment and collected 54 sets of field notes and documents to evaluate the roadmap process. A thematic analysis was used to analyse the data.ResultsRegions perceived improved stakeholder collaboration around vocational rehabilitation after they were guided by the roadmap. Three regions made, or intended to make, agreements on collaboration and funding, yet not based on shared savings. Moreover, going through the roadmap took more time than anticipated. Stakeholder collaboration depended on factors like personal and organizational interests and collaboration conditions and values. Financial legislation and politics were regarded as barriers and personal motives were mentioned as a facilitator in this process.ConclusionsOur study showed that the roadmap supported stakeholders to establish a more sustainable collaboration, even though no sustainable financial agreements were made yet. Although participants acknowledged the function of financial insights and the need for financial resources, the driver for collaboration was found to be more on improving clients’ perspectives than on solving unfair financial distribution issues. This suggests modifying the focus of the roadmap from financial benefits to improving clients’ perspectives.

Bridging the Gap: Exploring the Role of Locus of Control in the Transition from Environmental Concerns to Organic Product Consumption in North Portugal, a SmartPLS Study

(1) Background: Exploring the drivers of organic food consumption is crucial for designing pro-environmental marketing strategies. This study aims to investigate elements associated with organic product consumption in North Portugal, with a particular focus on food sustainability. (2) Methods: A self-reported questionnaire was administered to 295 participants to examine (1) personal motivations, such as beliefs about the impact of consuming organic products on health, concerns about soil, and self-perception of control; (2) attitudes towards contextual motivations, including the value of time, price, labels, and taste; and (3) the frequency of organic product consumption. A partial least squares model was employed to explore the relationship between participants’ motivations and behavior. (3) Results: Perceiving organic food as healthy was positively associated with higher organic product consumption. Positive attitudes towards cost-effective products, spending less time purchasing products, and a high locus of control did not moderate this relationship. While soil concerns were not significantly associated with the consumption of organic products overall, this association was significant in participants with a higher locus of control. A low locus of control was associated with a positive attitude towards pesticides. (4) Conclusions: The findings suggest that bridging the gap between concerns about soil conditions and pro-environmental behavior involves perceiving oneself as an agent of change and becoming proactive at an individual level. Resources to enhance individuals’ environmental curiosity and literacy may increase their locus of control, fostering a more accurate attitude towards pesticides and, consequently, an increase in organic product consumption. Additionally, companies could strengthen the association between organic food and better health by investing in marketing. These strategies have the potential to positively impact food sustainability.

Values and national identity of adolescents in China: the chain mediating effect of core self-evaluations and identity motivation

ABSTRACT National identity is at the core of the individual identity system. In the context of globalization, influenced by the intertwining of multiple cultures and values, the alignment of self and national values not only affects Chinese adolescents’ self-concept but also concerns the realization of national identity. To investigate the influencing factors and mechanisms that affect adolescents’ national identity in China, this study measured 1004 adolescents using the National Identity Scale, Schwartz Value Survey, Core Self-Evaluation Scale, and Identity Motivation Scale, and found that (1) adolescents’ overall level of national identity was high; (2) adolescents’ values, core self-evaluation, and identity motivation were positively related to national identity; (3) values significantly and positively predict national identity; and (4) core self-evaluation and identity motivation played a chain mediating role between values and national identity. The study suggests that adolescents’ positive self-evaluation and identity motivation contribute to the enhancement of national identity. The future cultivation of national identity could focus on the development of values, personality, and identity motivation at the adolescent stage.

Examination of Rumination's Mediating Role in the Relation Between Distal Personality Predictors, Cannabis Coping Motives, and Negative Cannabis-Related Consequences.

Perseverative cognitive processes, such as rumination, may indirectly influence effects of personality traits on cannabis use and related problems. Understanding relations among personality, rumination, and cannabis use motives may lead to better understanding of problematic cannabis use. The present study examined personality traits' influence on negative cannabis-related consequences via rumination and cannabis use coping motives. We tested a sequential path model across two independent samples such that the model was tested in one sample and replicated in the second sample. Participants were U.S. undergraduate students from multiple universities who reported using cannabis at least once in the prior thirty days. Results partially supported hypotheses such negative urgency and distress tolerance were indirectly related to negative cannabis-related consequences via rumination and coping motives. Specifically, higher negative urgency and lower distress tolerance were related to higher rumination. Higher rumination was related to higher coping motives; which in turn was related to more negative cannabis-related consequences. Results indicate that rumination is a risk factor belying associations between personality and cannabis use to cope and negative consequences of use. Implementing techniques that attenuate rumination for individuals high in negative urgency or low in distress tolerance may reduce or prevent problematic cannabis and unintended outcomes.

‘Hotels are much easier’: motivation for non-participation in travel-related sharing economy exchanges

ABSTRACT The rise of the sharing economy (SE) has inspired researchers to examine the motivation behind user participation in SE exchanges. Few studies have, however, examined the motivational factors that deter participation in SE exchanges. This study investigates the motivation for non-participation as both consumer and provider and uses self-determination theory to contrast these findings with motivation for participation in SE exchanges. The study also examines the characteristics of the assets people are unwilling to share through SE exchanges. Data is collected through 16 semi-structured interviews with informants from Norway. Six motivational categories pertaining to non-participation were identified through thematic analysis: (1) Economic motivation, (2) lack of utility, (3) perceived personal cost of participation, (4) conflicts with personal values, (5) social motivation, and (6) safety concerns. Additionally, several descriptive categories pertaining to the characteristics of the assets informants were unwilling/willing to share were identified. These findings provide new insights into deterrents to SE participation, which have important practical and theoretical implications.

Key informants perspectives on creating a high impact research department in family and community medicine: a qualitative project.

Primary care is integral to the health system and population health. Primary care research is still in development and most academic departments lack effective research investments. High impact primary care research programs are needed to advance the field to ensure a robust primary care system for the future. The project objective was to understand key informants' views of structures, functions, and processes required to create a high impact research program in an academic primary care department. A descriptive qualitative project with key informants from research programs in primary care. Participants included international research leaders in primary care (n = 10), department of family and community researchers (n = 37) and staff (n = 9) in an academic primary care department, other university leaders (n = 3) and members of the departmental executive leadership team (1 department; 25 members). Semi-structured interviews (n = 27), and focus groups (n = 6) were audio recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using thematic analysis. We used a socioecological framework which described micro, meso, macro levels of influence. At the micro level despite barriers with respect to funding, protected time and lack of formal mentorship, personal motivation was a key factor. At the meso level, the organizational structure that promoted collaboration and a sense of connection emerged as a key factor. Specifically research leaders identified a research faculty development pipeline based on equity, diversity, inclusion, indigeneity, and accessibility principles with thematic areas of focus as key enablers. Lastly, at the macro level, an overarching culture and policies that promoted funding and primary care research was associated with high impact programs. The alignment/complementarity of micro, meso, and macro level factors influenced the creation of a high impact research department in primary care. High impact research in primary care is facilitated by the development of researchers through formalized and structured mentorship/sponsorship and a department culture that promote primary care research.

Enhancing Arabic Speaking Skills: A Societal Approach at an Indonesian Islamic Boarding School University - Implementation Challenges and Remedies

The research explores the implementation of teaching speaking skills to first-semester Arabic language students at the University of Islamic Boarding School in Indonesia, using a social approach. It aims to comprehensively describe the process, covering objectives, the roles of lecturers and students, discussion themes, teaching methods, media, and evaluation. The study employs a descriptive qualitative method with data collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. Insights from the findings highlight the sociological perspective of learning objectives, emphasizing the lecturer's role in fostering social interactions through discussions. Both the lecturer and students' roles are examined in a societal context, underlining the lecturer's societal responsibilities and students' readiness for societal engagement. Discussion themes include social elements such as good behavior, Islamic education, and youth. The teaching method involves a conversational approach with cooperative learning strategies. Classroom media is limited to books and boards, while dormitories are equipped with LED TVs broadcasting Arabic-language religious speeches. Challenges faced by students are categorized into internal (lack of personal motivation) and external problems (shortage of classrooms and inadequate bathroom facilities). The study provides insights into the practical and sociological aspects of teaching speaking skills in an Islamic educational environment.

Improving Lecturer Performance Through Organizational Culture, Serving Leadership, Personality, And Work Motivation

This research aims to find strategies to improve performance by analyzing the influence of organizational culture, servant leadership, personality, and work motivation. The research method used is quantitative. The sample consisted of 124 people from a population of 178 spread across twelve study programs using the proportional random sampling method. Path analysis and SITOREM are used in data analysis methodologies. Based on the analysis’s results, it was concluded that a) Organizational culture directly affects performance by 19.9%; b) Servant leadership directly affects performance by 14.4%; c) Personality directly affects performance by 10.6%; d) Work motivation directly affects performance by 6.9%; e) Organizational culture directly affects motivation at work by 23.1%; f) Servant leadership directly affects workplace motivation by 40.3%; g) Personality does not directly affect workplace motivation by 25.1%; h) Organizational culture has a 1.6% indirect impact on performance through work motivation; i) Servant leadership has a 2.8% indirect impact on performance through work motivation; and j) Personality has a 1.7% indirect impact on performance through work motivation.

Factors affecting young doctors' choice of medical specialty-A qualitative study.

Young doctors' choice of medical specialty is essential to maintaining a sufficient health workforce and developing a sustainable healthcare system. The choice of specialization is the result of numerous factors, including doctors' preferences, population needs, and the number of available residency slots. The aim of this article is to explore the factors taken into consideration by young Polish physicians in choosing their future specialty. We have conducted 30 structured interviews with randomly selected recent medical school graduates (17 female and 13 male). The study was conducted from December 2022 until February 2023 using online platforms. Data from in-depth interviews were coded using NVivo Release 1.6.1. Then thematic analysis was performed. Respondents indicated remuneration and career-associated factors as the main determinants, emphasizing that work-life balance, personal motivations, and the flexibility to choose the type of workplace (hospital vs. outpatient clinic) were even more important. Young doctors expect flexibility in working hours and better working conditions in future work, and these factors are important when choosing a medical specialty. Significant difficulties during the selection of medical specialty include limited residency slots in preferred specializations and lack of knowledge concerning the everyday aspects of work in a particular specialty. Factors and limitations influencing the choice of medical specialty should be taken into account by policymakers to address the shortages of doctors in deficit specialties. Knowledge about doctors' preferences regarding their medical specialty could support the development of targeted policies to increase the attractiveness of deficit specialties and reduce the uneven distribution of medical staff.

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