Personal Interview Method Research Articles

Key Information Sources and their Utility for Upliftment of Members of Tribal Farmer Producer Groups

Information is the crucial component in every walk of life. Information channels for and between the farmersare vital for increasing the agricultural yields. The present study in Seethampeta block of Srikakulam districtin Andhra Pradesh was focused on identifying the utility of different sources of information. A sample of145 respondents was selected through multi-stage proportionate sampling method. The data were collectedwith the help of well-structured interview schedule through personal interview method. The findings ofthe study elicited that progressive farmers served as regular source of information for majority (70.34 %) ofthe tribal FPG members and among the occasional source of information Subject Matter Specialists fromKVK were preferred by exactly four-fifths (80.00 %) of the members of tribal FPGs. Radio was never preferredas information source by 77.24 per cent of respondents. Information utility and information score werehigh for progressive farmers with values of 0.84 and 2.25 respectively. The study concludes by saying thatwhatever information is available to the members of tribal FPGs, it should be communicated at right timein right form and right channel which can improve the utility of information and thus the quality of work.

To Study on Knowledge of Onion Crop Production Technology by Farmers Sikar District of Rajasthan, India

Agriculture is a major sector of the Indian economy, which provides employment for large proportion of the predominantly rural population. Besides this it also provides food for human consumption and raw materials for industries. There has been tremendous growth (20.32 per cent compound) in exports of processed fruit and vegetables particularly following new economic policies. India is the second largest producer of vegetables in the world next only to China. The average productivity of vegetable crops in India is considerable low (18 metric tons per hectare) as compared to that in other agriculturally developed countries of the world.
 Agriculture sectors crop production has its own emphasis and importance. The study was conducted in Sikar district of Rajasthan to measure the knowledge and adoption of onion crop production technology. Total 120 respondents were selected randomly. The data was collected by personal interview method by using pre structure interview schedule later appropriate statistical analysis is done to find out the meaningful results. The majority of the respondents 50 percentage belongs to middle aged group. 35.84 percentage belongs to illiterate and 48.33 percent were doing agriculture as main occupation. 46.67 per cent have medium income level. Majority of 49.17 per cent respondents belongs to low level of knowledge and 44.17 per cent belongs to medium adoption level.

Differences in Behavioral Practices of Health Maintenance and Promotion between Knowledge and Manual Workers

Introduction: The problem of maintaining and promoting health is relevant for all working citizens, regardless of the form and conditions of their work. A decrease in the mortality rate in the working-age population is one of the priorities of the national demographic policy. Employers shall pay great attention to occupational safety, prevention of occupational injuries and diseases, and work–rest schedule. Routine behavioral practices of employees, however, play an important role in health promotion. At the same time, the form of labor activity affects their attitude to a healthy lifestyle and the respective behavior pattern. The objective of the study was to analyze current differences in behavioral practices of health maintenance and promotion between manual and non-manual workers. Methods: The article is based on the results of the social survey of 1,500 people aged 18 years and older conducted on April 18–27, 2022 in 30 regions of the Russian Federation using the method of an in-home personal interview. Result: The results of the survey revealed different behavioral practices in workers of physical and mental labor. Knowledge workers generally pay more attention to their health: they take dietary supplements and vitamins, have regular health checkup, follow basic principles of a healthy lifestyle, including systematic physical activity, a healthy diet, and rejection of bad habits. Blue-collar workers, however, raise concern as they demonstrate opposite results. Conclusions: The survey findings are of interest in terms of assessing the potential of strengthening health resources of manual and non-manual workers. Measures of health promotion and disease prevention can be more effective if they address both occupational risks and lifestyle behaviors of the workforce.

Sickness Presenteeism among Employees Having Workplace Conflicts-Results from Pooled Analyses in Latvia.

The study’s objective was to investigate the associations between workplace conflicts and self-reported sickness presenteeism defined as going to work while being ill. Cross-sectional survey data pooled from four national surveys in years 2006, 2010, 2013 and 2018 with a study sample of 6368 employees (mean age 42.9 years and 52.9% females) were used. Respondents were randomly drawn from different regions and industries; therefore, the sample is representative of the working population of Latvia. The computer-assisted personal interviewing (CAPI) method was used to collect data at respondents’ places of residence. The associations between conflicts in the workplace and presenteeism were analyzed by using binomial logistic regression and calculated as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) adjusted (aOR) for gender, age, education, and survey year. On average, 11% of respondents reported sickness presenteeism during the last year. The odds of presenteeism significantly increased for all types of workplace conflicts, but most for conflicts with managers (OR = 2.84). The odds of presenteeism doubled for those reporting conflicts with other employees (OR = 2.19) and conflicts with customers (OR = 1.85). The odds of sickness presenteeism were significantly higher if the workplace conflicts occurred often (seven times for conflicts between managers and employees, and four times for conflicts with customers) and with other employees. Presenteeism frequency increased more than three times if respondents had more than two types of conflict at work. The results of this study show that having any type of conflict in the workplace significantly increases the frequency of sickness presenteeism, especially when conflicts are frequent or an employee has more types of conflicts in the workplace. The study results justify the need to implement targeted and effective workplace conflict management measures at the organizational level to decrease sickness presenteeism.

Relevance of Assamese Folk Song, Bihu Geet in Practicing Natural Farming in the Traditional Baree (Homestead Garden) System of Assam, India

Aim: The study was undertaken to understand the relevance of Assamese folk songs, or Bihu geet, in the management of the traditional Assamese baree system in view of natural farming.
 Study Design: The data obtained from group discussion and personal interview method have been tabulated as described by [1].
 Place and duration of Study: The study was conducted in a total of 24 villages from six districts viz. Nalbari, Baksa, Dhemaji, Lakhimpur, Golaghat, and Sivsagar during the period January 2021 to January 2022
 Methodology: From the three agro-climatic zones of Assam, two districts were selected and from each district, four villages were selected. From each village, 10 farmers above 60years of age were selected randomly thus making a sample size of 240 respondents. Data was collected by using a focus group discussion method and a personal interview method using a semi-structured interview schedule.
 Results: A total of 36 Bihu geet reflecting natural farming practices in the traditional baree system and its role in the management of the baree have been documented.
 Conclusion: From this study, it can be concluded that Bihu Geet forms an indispensable part of the Assamese Baree system and its scientific validation should be studied further as these are based on practical observation over a long period of time and can form a basis for natural farming.

Factors Responsible for changing trends of Biodiversity in Eastern Ghats of Tamil Nadu

The present research study was conducted to find out the factors responsible for changing trends in biodiversityin Eastern Ghats of Tamil Nadu. Among the thirty two districts of Tamil Nadu, Salem andThiruvannamalai district were purposively selected. Since, the tribal population were found to be high.The study was conducted in two blocks namely Pethanaickenpalayam in Salem district and Jawadhu hillsin Thiruvannamalai district respectively. Totally 182 tribal respondents were selected based on proportionaterandom sampling method. The data was collected through personal interview method by using the well-structuredinterview schedule. The statistical method percentage analysis was used to analyse the collecteddata. Findings were meaningfully interpreted and relevant conclusions were drawn. The results showsthat introduction of new plant varieties (97.80 percent), deforestation (96.15 percent), erratic variation ofrainfall (94.50 per cent) and application of chemical fertilizer (91.75 percent) are the major factor responsiblefor changing trends of bio-diversity in the study area.

An Analysis of Farmers Extent of Adoption and Knowledge of Bt. Cotton in the Jangaon District of Telangana, India

The study was conducted in Jangaon district of Telangana during the year 2022. The main purpose of this study is to measure the Extent of Adoption and knowledge of Bt cotton in Jangaon District of Telangana. A total 120 respondents were selected purposively from six villages under Lingala ghanpur block because most of the respondents were cotton growers. Descriptive research design was adopted for the study and data was collected by personal interview method by using pre structured interview schedule. This study revealed that the respondents (49.17%) had medium level of adoption followed by low (31.66%) and high (19.16%) levels of adoption among the respondents and also the most of the respondents (38.33%) had high level of knowledge on Bt. Cotton Adoption followed by medium (35%) and low (26.66%) levels of knowledge.

Adoption of Recommended Cabbage Cultivation Technology by the Farmers in East Khasi Hils, Meghalaya

The main purpose of the study was to ascertain the adoption of recommended cabbage cultivation technology of the farmers in east khasi hills district, Meghalaya. The aforementioned study was conducted in Mawryngkneng Block in East Khasi Hills District,Meghalaya in the year 2022. A descriptive research designed was applied for this study. The primary data was collected from 120 respondents by personal interview method using pre-structure interview schedule. Adoption of the farmers was measured by asking 14 question in respect of cabbage cultivation. Findings showed that 56.67 per cent of the respondents have medium adoption level of cabbage cultivation, followed by low adoption level i.e., 33.33 per cent and high adoption level 10 per cent respectively. The relationship between profile of the respondents and their adoption about the improved cabbage cultivation practices the co-efficient correlation was revealed that independent variables like education, land holding, farming experience, extention contact and cosmopolite/source of information are positive and significantly associated with adoption of farmers.

An Analysis of the Knowledge of Improved Cultivation Practices of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) of Khasi tribes in East Khasi Hills of Meghalaya, India

The main purpose of the study was to determine the extent of knowledge of Khasi tribe on improved cultivation practices of tomato. The study was conducted purposively in Mawryngkneng Block in East Khasi Hills District, Meghalaya in the year 2022. A descriptive research design was applied for the study. The primary data was collected from 120 respondents by personal interview method using pre - structure interview schedule Knowledge of the farmers was measured by asking 13 questions in respect to tomato cultivation practices. Pearson’s Product Moment Coefficient of Correlation (r) was employed to determine the relationship between independent variables and knowledge of the respondents. Finding showed that (78.33%) of the respondents had medium level of knowledge, (10%) of the respondents had high level of knowledge and only (3.33%) of the respondents had low level of knowledge about improved cultivation practices of tomato. Co-efficient of correlation (r) analysis indicated that land holding, farming experience, extension contact and sources of information are significantly associated with knowledge of farmers whereas variables like: age, education, annual income, family type, size of family, and occupation was found to be non-significant with the knowledge of farmers towards improved cultivation practices of tomato. Extension Workers should frequently contact with the farmers for disseminating of proper information which in turn lead to better implementation of improved practices.

A Study on the Knowledge of the Farmers about Mandarin Cultivation Practices in East Jaintia Hills, Meghalaya

The main purpose of the study was to determine the extent of farmer’s knowledge on orange production. The aforementioned study was conducted in Saipung Block in East Jaintia Hills district, Meghalaya in the year 2022. A descriptive research designed was applied for this study. The primary data was collected from 120 respondents by personal interview method using pre-structure interview schedule. Knowledge of the farmers was measured by asking 18 questions in respect of orange production. Pearson’s Product Moment coefficient of correlation (r) was calculated to determine the relationships between independent variables and knowledge of the respondents. Findings showed that 60.83 per cent of the respondents have medium level of knowledge mandarin plantation, 22.5 per cent have low level and 16.67 per cent have high level of knowledge about mandarin production. Co-efficient of correlation (r) analysis indicated that educational qualification, social participation, mass media exposure, farming experience and extension contact were found to be positively significant whereas variables like age, family Size, marital status, land holding, annual income and occupation were found to have no relationship with the knowledge of the farmers. The finding clearly indicates that the respondents have medium knowledge over mandarin cultivation and most of the selected independent variables had positively and significant correlated with the knowledge of the farmers.

Cucumber growers’ knowledge of the most important scientific recommendations related to its cultivation in greenhouses in Chamchamal District/ Sulaymaniyah governorate

The research aimed to identify the knowledge level of cucumber growers in greenhouses with the most important recommendations related to its cultivation in Chamchamal district / Sulaymaniyah governorate in general, and to determine the level of their knowledge of the most important scientific recommendations related to its cultivation in greenhouses in each field of agriculture, as well as to identify the relationship of knowledge level with some variables The independent sample included (144) respondents who were chosen randomly, representing (60%) of the total cucumber growers in the greenhouses in the district of Chamchamal, who numbered (240) respondents, and (4) respondents were excluded due to the non-completion of the questionnaire form by the respondents and thus The sample size became (140) farmers, (30) respondents were excluded from the initial test sample of the form. The questionnaire was used as a tool for collecting data from the respondents in the personal interview method.

Attitude of Farmers towards the use of Agricultural Machineries in East Khasi Hills District of Meghalaya

This present study has been conducted to ascertain the attitude and proper understanding of the farmers of the benefits and outcomes in using various agriculture machineries in the field. The study was conducted in the Mawryngkneng C&RD Block in East Khasi Hills District of Meghalaya. The primary data was collected from 120 respondents by personal interview method using pre-structured interview schedule. The attitude of the farmers was measured by asking 12 questions with respect to the use of agriculture machineries. Pearson’s Product Moment coefficient of correlation (r) was calculated to determine the relationships between the independent variables and attitude of the respondents. After analysis of data, it was observed that the attitude was maximum at medium level i.e. 61.66 per cent, followed by low level at 29.17 per cent and then high level at 9.17 per cent. Co – efficient of correlation (r) analysis indicated that education, yearly income, social contact, extension contact and mass media exposure were found to be positively significant whereas, variables like age, type of house, family type, family size, occupation and land holding were found to have no relationship with the attitude of the farmers.

Knowledge Level and Constraints Faced by the Elected Women Representatives of Panchayat Raj Institutions in Prakasam , Andhra Pradesh, India

The study was conducted in Prakasam district of Andhra Pradesh to study the women empowerment through Panchayat raj institutions. A total number of 120 respondents were selected purposively from 5 blocks of the district. The data was recorded by personal interview method by using a pre-structured interview schedule. The study revealed that majority of the respondents are having the knowledge about their tenure, age of contesting in elections and how they are getting financial resources to their gram panchayat. Mostly 45.83% of the respondents are having the medium level of knowledge about GramPanchayat, 27.5% of the respondents are having low level of knowledge and 26.67% of the respondents are having high level of knowledge. And majority (80.83%) of the respondents are facing constraints lack of communication skills, 64.17% of the respondents are lack of self confidence, 53.33% of the respondents are lack of sufficient educational knowledge.

Relationship of adoption gap in recommended pigeon pea practices with socio-economic characteristics of tribal farmers in Narmada district

The agricultural technology is generally not adopted by the farmers completely in all respects as such. There always appears a gap between the technology recommended by the scientists and its use at farmer’s level. The study was conducted in Narmada districts of South Gujarat. The primary data was collected from 100 respondents by following personal interview method and using structured interview schedule. This study was objective to ascertain the relationship between selected characteristics pigeon pea growers and their overall adoption gap in recommended pigeon pea practices. In order to realize the objective of the study, 100 farmers were selected from adoptive villages higher areas of pigeon pea growers purposively and random sampling technique pigeon pea had medium adoption gap 68.89 per cent about recommended pigeon pea practices Majority of pigeon pea growers had land holding (0.169),annual income (0.052), risk preference (0.066), scientific orientation (0.301) were negative and significant association with their adoption gap of recommended pigeon pea production technologies, While, education, (0.162),knowledge (0.228) were significantly correlated at 5% level of significance.

Marketing Behaviour of Turmeric Farmers in Kadapa District of Andhra Pradesh

The present study was carried out purposively in Kadapa district of Andhra Pradesh during the year 2020-21 as it is having the maximum area under turmeric cultivation. The main objective of the study was to analyze the marketing behavior of turmeric farmers. The study followed Ex post facto research design. The purposive sampling technique was administered and two mandals namely Mydukur and Duvvur were selected on the basis of maximum area under the turmeric cultivation and data were collected from a randomly drawn sample of 90 respondents by personal interview method through structured interview schedule. The results of the study revealed that 66.67 per cent of the turmeric farmers had medium marketing behaviour followed by high (17.77%) and low (15.56%) levels of marketing behaviour with medium planning orientation (62.22%), medium production orientation (73.33%), medium marketing orientation (73.33%), medium market information sources utilization (61.11%), medium decision-making ability (72.22%), medium risk-taking ability (63.33%) and medium innovativeness (67.78%).

Awareness about Plant Protection Measures by the Paddy and Cotton Growers in Karimnagar District of Telangana State

The study was conducted in Karimnagar district of Telangana State during 2018-19 to Study awareness of Plant Protection Measures by The Paddy and Cotton growers. Sixty each paddy and cotton growers were selected by using simple random technique. Thus, making a total sample size of 120. The data was collected through personal interview method and analysed by using appropriate statistical tools. From study it was revealed that majority of the cotton growers belonged to low adoption category (43.33%) followed by medium (30.00%) and high adoption (26.66%) categories respectively with respect to plant protection measures and majority of the paddy growers (53.33%) not aware of Plant Protection Measures, followed by 46.64 per cent of the farmers aware of plant protection measures. Whereas in cotton majority of the farmers (65.00%) were not aware of plant protection measures. Whereas 35.00 per cent of cotton growers aware of it. In this study awareness had positive and signifi cant relation with adoption level of paddy and cotton growers with regard to plant protection measures.

Determinants and Constraints Affecting Training Effectiveness for Enhancing Core Competencies of Extension Personnel: An Analytical Study in Kerala

Training is the furthermost investment in building human resources. An attempt was made to study the determinants and constraints aff ecting for enhancing core competencies of extension personnel in Kerala. Three training institutions: Community Agrobiodiversity Center (under an NGO), SAMETI (under State Department) and CTI (under SAU) were chosen for the study. Purposive and Random Sampling were carried out for the study. The sample consisted of trainers from three diff erent training institutes. Four diff erent training programmes related to core competency development being organized during 2017-18 were selected purposively from each of the three training institutes. Five trainees for each training programmes were selected randomly with a sample size of twenty from each institute making sixty as total sample size. Personal interview and focus group discussion methods were also used as tools for data collection. Ten factors were listed based on the review of literature and consultation with experts that were thought to aff ect the eff ectiveness of training. Tobit regression was used to identify the factors aff ecting the eff ectiveness of training. Three factors were found to aff ect the eff ectiveness of training according to trainers that were locus of control, improvement in job performance and satisfaction and training need index.

APPLICATION LEVEL OF DRIP IRRIGATION TECHNOLOGY BY THE VEGETABLE GROWERS IN ALQOSH DISTRICT/ NINEVEH

The research aims to measure the level of application of drip irrigation technology by vegetable farmers in Alqosh district/Nineveh Governorate, and identify the correlation between the level of application of drip irrigation technology by vegetable farmers and some independent variables. The research community included all the vegetable farmers in Alqosh district, who numbered 200 farmers. A simple random sample of them was taken by 60%, thus bringing the number of respondents to 120 farmers. A questionnaire was prepared consisting of three parts, the first part included the independent variables (age, educational level, land area, tenure, training courses). the second part, it included a scale to measure the level of farmers’ application of the drip irrigation technology, and it might consist of 21 items, while the third part included 10 problems that hinder the application of the drip irrigation technology. The data were collected by the personal interview method. After that, the data was emptied for the purpose of statistical processing using the Spss program. The results showed that 64% of the respondents had a medium level of application. The results also showed that there is a significant correlation between the independent variables (age, educational level, tenure and training courses) and the level of application. while there is no significant correlation between the land area and the level of application, as it was found that the problem of clogging the nozzles with suspended materials, sediments and salts ranked first with an average of (3.533).

Determinants of Farmers' Participation in Banana Insurance in Chitwan District, Nepal

This study was conducted to identify the factors affecting the adoption of banana insurance in Chitwan district of Nepal. A total of 160 samples (80 insurers and 80 non-insurers of banana producers) were selected randomly to collect primary data. Primary data were collected by conducting household survey using personal interview method in the month of September 2019. The logit model was used to identify the factors affecting the adoption of banana insurance policy among farmers. The result showed that the explanatory variables, area under banana cultivation, membership to cooperatives, and awareness about the agriculture insurance, perception of farmer about the necessity of crop insurance, agriculture extension services, and age of banana orchard were significantly contributing to the adoption of banana insurance policy. It also revealed that organization of awareness program, mobilization of groups and cooperatives were the important tools to promote banana insurance program. The findings would be helpful to make the insurance program more effective and hence increase the adoption of insurance policy and ultimately benefit farmers by enhancing their ability to manage risks in agriculture.

An Economic Analysis of Technology Change in Tissue Culture and Non-tissue Culture Pointed Gourd in Anand and Kheda Districts of Middle Gujarat

Background: This paper has attempted an economic analysis of tissue-culture pointed gourd and non-tissue culture pointed gourd. As we know that vegetables are rich and comparatively cheaper source of vitamins. Consumption of these items provides taste, palatability and fiber for digestion. Their consumption in plenty provides fair amount of protein and also play a key role in neutralizing the acids produced during digestion of fatty foods. While pointed gourd contains 2 per cent protein, 0.3 per cent fat, 2.2 per cent carbohydrate, 153 IU vitamin A and 29 mg vitamin C per 100g edible portion (www.agrifarming.in). Methods: This study was conducted in the year 2017-18. The study has been conducted in the Anand and Kheda districts of Middle Gujarat using personal interview method. And 4 talukas were selected. Total 80 respondents were selected, out of them 40 were cultivating non-tissue culture and 40 were cultivating tissue culture variety of pointed gourd. Cost and return analysis had been done by using cost concepts. The Garrett ranking technique was used to study the adoption behaviour of farmers. Result: The study revealed that tissue-culture pointed gourd is more beneficial as compared to non-tissue culture pointed gourd. The cost of cultivation (Cost C2) of pointed gourd per hectare for tissue culture and non-tissue culture was ₹ 306655 and ₹ 237216, respectively. The average yield of tissue culture and non-tissue culture pointed gourd was 483 q and 248.49 q, while gross income was ₹ 597595 and ₹ 324741 respectively. Per hectare net returns in tissue culture pointed gourd for Cost C2 was ₹ 290940 whereas for non-tissue culture pointed gourd the per hectare net return over Cost C2 was ₹ 87525. The overall per hectare farm business income, family labour income and farm investment income for tissue culture farmer were found to be significantly higher compared to their counterpart non-tissue culture farmers. The overall input-output ratio on Cost C2 was 1.95 for tissue culture and 1.37 for non-tissue culture. ‘Higher yield’ was the main reason for adoption of tissue culture technology followed by ‘high quality fruit’ and ‘higher income per hectare’. On the whole, the analysis has revealed that the tissue culture technology in pointed gourd cultivation can go a long way in enhancing the farmers income which is the need of the hour.