Personal Interview Questionnaire Research Articles

Study on prevalence of use of Tobacco Consumption among males aged 15 and above in Kanchipuram Town, Tamil Nadu

Aim and Background: In the present study was to find out the prevalence of tobacco consumption and factors contributed for tobacco consumption among males aged 15 years and above in Kanchipuram town. Human beings have been using tobacco since 600 A.D. It was introduced in Europe by Columbus who came to know about it from the Caribbeans during his historical journeys. It was introduced in India by the Portuguese. Materials and Methods: This is Community based cross sectional study was conducted in Kanchipuram town. All the study subjects were explained in detail about the purpose and methodology of the study and were fully assured of strict confidentiality. Informed oral consent was obtained. Personal interview questionnaire is administered and obtained the demographic details and tobacco consumption. Kanchipuram district has been divided into 4 revenue divisions comprising of 11 taluks with 1137 revenue villages. For development reasons, it is divided into 13 development blocks with 648 Village Panchayats. Results: The present study showed a high prevalence of 55.4% tobacco use among male ever users aged 15 years and above in Kanchipuram town. A prevalence of 34% has been noted in male current users of the same age group. Conclusion: In the Present study we conclude that the high prevalence of use of tobacco among males age 15-and above is a major and public health problems. This affects the coming generation also. Hence steps need to be taken right now to tackle this problem.

A Follow- up Study of Some Fishing Community Problems around Burullus Lake, Kafr El- Sheikh Governorate, Egypt

The study aimed to follow up some fishing community problems around Burullus Lake by identifying the most important problems facing fishermen at the present time and arranging these problems according to their severity over time. The study was conducted in Kafr El- sheikh Governorate; where three villages were selected randomly from the largest fishing district (Al- Burullus). The three selected villages were overlooking the sea and the lake; they were Al- Burj, Al- Aqoula, and Bar Bahri, on a total sample size of 150 Fishermen. Data was collected using a personal interview questionnaire from each fisherman during November 2021, and 100% of the sample has been targeted. Frequencies, percentages, and average degrees were used in data analysis. The most important results showed that some problems have increased in severity over time. These problems were the presence of reeds, throwing waste in the lake, the presence of Bashnin in the lake, the lack of fishing in light, fishing near bogs, and the difficulty of extracting a carnet for children under 12 years the lack of modern fishing boats, the increase of motors prices in association, the absence of fish canning factories, and the long- distance between markets and the lake. On the other hand, some problems have decreased in severity over time; for example, fry fishing, taking over places in the lake, the absence of an ambulance in the lake, and throwing sewage in the lake, favoritism for some, production smuggling, discrimination in punishment, the difficulty of obtaining boat licenses, yarn price hike, the dispute over fishing places, migration of fishermen to cities and other countries, the lack of snow inside the lake, and underestimating the price by traders.

Level of Water Awareness for Agricultural Extension Specialist in Beheira Governorate مستوي الوعي المائي لأخصائي الارشاد الزراعي بمحافظة البحيرة

This research aimed to identify the level of water awareness for agricultural extension specialist in Beheira Governorate. Field research data were collected using a personal interview questionnaire during July and August 2020, for a simple random sample of 70 respondents (82%) out of a total of population (85) according to Cochran's equation. Spearman's coefficient of ranks correlation, and Rank Biserial Correlation, were used in data analysis. The most important of research results were as follows: It was found that nearly two-thirds of respondents (64.2%) have a high-water awareness regarding determinants of water scarcity and their expected impacts, as well as knowledge, practices, and problems of rationalization of irrigation water use. It was found that the most important roles of agricultural extension specialist in developing water awareness of farmers are to disseminate proven knowledge about water scarcity and rationalize use of irrigation water, especially in agricultural uses, Extension meetings to discuss water problems among farmers. The most important practice in rationalizing use of irrigation water from the viewpoint of the respondents was soil levelling by laser. The results showed that the most important problems and obstacles to implementing irrigation water rationalization practices are low level of knowledge and skills of the farmers with rationalization of irrigation water use and high cost of soil levelling by laser. The most important proposals to develop and raise water efficiency application mentioned by respondents was to improve efficiency of using irrigation water by spreading the culture of rationalizing, its use and protecting it from pollution.

Beekeepers' Adaptation to Climate Changes in Gharbia Governorate تکيف مربي نحل العسل مع التغيرات المناخية بمحافظة الغربية

This research mainly aimed to identify the level of adaptation of beekeepers to climate change in Gharbia governorate. Gharbia governorate has been chosen as spatial field for the study. Two districts in Gharbia governorate were selected according to the standard of number of beekeepers which are Tanta and Mahalla Al-Kubra. The resesrch population was delineated as being formed of the whole beekeepers in the two selected districted. Random samples of 206 beekeepers were chosen. Research objectives have been specified in a set of null hypotheses to be tested in this study. Data were collected from sample persons by personal interview questionnaire. Collected data were coded and analyzed using the SPSS package. The main findings of the study could be summarized as follows: - 1- There were statistically significant bivariate relationships at the level of 0.01 of significance between opinion leadership, willingness to change, exposure to sources of information, and Satisfaction with extensional services, and beekeepers' knowledge about climate change, and between beekeepers' adaptation to climate change; Also there were statistically significant bivariate relationships at the level of 0.05 of significance between age and between beekeepers' adaptation to climate change; while there were no statistically significant bivariate relationships between educational level, experience in beekeeping, and training in beekeeping and between beekeepers' adaptation to climate change. 2- The studied independent variables combined, explained about 35.2 % of the variances of the variable of beekeepers' adaptation to climate change.

Dairy Cattle Farmers' Implementation of Good Agricultural Practices in Gharbia Governorate تنفيذ مربي ماشية اللبن للممارسات الزراعية الجيدة بمحافظة الغربية

This study aimed mainly to identify the level of dairy cattle farmers' implementation of good agricultural practices in Gharbia governorate. Gharbia governorate has been chosen as spatial field for the study, two districts in Gharbia governorate were selected according to the standard of milk production which are Qutour and Zefta. One village was selected randomly from each district according to the same standard which are Ibshaway Al-Malak, and Damanhur Al-Wahsh, respectively. Random samples of 320 dairy cattle keepers were chosen. Research objectives have been specified in a set of null hypotheses to be tested in this study. Data were collected from sample persons by personal interview questionnaire. Collected data were coded and analyzed using the SPSS package. The main findings of the study could be summarized as follows: - 1- There were statistically significant bivariate relationships at the level of 0.01 of significance between academic qualification, dairy cattle ownership, opinion leadership, innovativeness, perception of access of extension services, and knowledge of good agricultural practices in dairy sector and between implementation of good agricultural practices; while there were no statistically significant bivariate relationships between age, and experience in raising and caring of dairy cattle and between implementation of good agricultural practices. 2- The studied independent variables combined, explained about 59.6 % of the variances of the variable of implementation of good agricultural practices.

The Impact of Internal Migration on Economic and Social Situation of Rural Women in Some Villages of Sohag Governorate

This research aimed to identify the impact of internal migration on the economic and social conditions of rural women, to identify the level of economic and social conditions for rural women, and to identify the most important causes of internal migration from the point of view of migrant wives. The research was conducted in Sohag Governorate and three administrative centers were chosen randomly, which are Gerga Center, Tahta Center, and El Balina Center, one village was randomly selected from each center, and the sample size reached 300 respondents. Data were collected using a personal interview questionnaire from the respondents.

مستوى معرفة الزراع بالآثار السلبية لإستخدام المبيدات ببعض قرى محافظة القليوبية

The study aimed to determine the level of knowledge of the surveyed farmers on the neg-ative effects of the use of chemical pesticides, and their sources of information in this field, and determine the significance of the relation-ship between the level of knowledge of the farmers with the negative effects of the use of pesticides and some independent studied vari-ables, and finally identify the problems that limit the safe use of chemical pesticides ,the data of this study were collected during July and August 2020 by means of a personal inter-view questionnaire for a regular random sam-ple of farmers in the villages of Qalyubia Gov-ernorate. It was determined using the Kreijce and Morgan equation, and its strength reached 377 farmers, The selected data were analyzed and presented using quantitative method, the arithmetic mean, Chi-square test, The most important results were the following :the level of the respondents' knowledge of the negative ef-fects of using chemical pesticides was high, with the percentage of their average knowledge scores reaching 82.9, It was found that the most important sources of information: pesticide merchants, personal experience, rel-atives, It was found that there is a significant relationship at the level of 0.01 between the level of the respondents' knowledge of the neg-ative effects of chemical pesticides and each of the following independent variables the re-spondent’s age, gender, educational status, profession, number of years of experience in farm work, social participation, Frequency of agricultural service centers, and the number of years of experience in using pesticides. It was also found that the most important problems in the research area are: the shortage of extension agents, the scarcity of extension activities, re-spectively, Based on the results of the study, six proposals were formulated in the form of recommendations to be submitted to decision-makers.

تقـــدیر الفـــاقـــد الإقتصادى المعرفى فى محصول الأرز فى ضوء غیاب دور الإرشاد الزراعى فى محافظة کفر الشیخ (دراسة حالة: الواقع- التحدیات - الحلول)

الهدف الرئيسى من هذا البحث هو تقدير الفاقد الإقتصادى المعرفى فى محصول الأرز فى ضوء غياب دور الإرشاد الزراعى فى محافظة کفر الشيخ . تم استخدام معيارين لتقدير هذا الفـــاقـــد تمثلت وحدة الدراسة فى اللجان القروية للإرشاد الزراعى التعاونى المقترحة ، و تمثلت وحدة التحليل البحثى فى أعضاء هذه اللجان وعددهم 84 مبحوثا موزعين على ثلاث مراکزإدارية هى: دسوق ، وسيدى سالم ، وکفر الشيخ. أستخدمت إستمارة إستبيان بالمقابلة الشخصية کأداة لجمع البيانات ميدانيا عام 2019 ، أستخدمت النسب المئوية ، والمتوسط الحسابى ، والجداول التکرارية ، کاساليب إحصائية وصفية لشرح وتفسير البيانات . وکانت أهم النتائج على النحو التالى : 1- بلغ مجموع قيمة الفاقد الإقتصادى المعرفى بالجنية فى محصول الأرز بکل من المشاتل والأرض المستديمة ( 49 قيراط + 34 فدان أرض مستديمة) لدى زراع الحالة المدروسة 159778 جنيه. 2- فيما يتعلق بتقدير الجدوى الإقتصادية للإرشاد الزراعى بين التکلفة والعائد مع زراع الأرز المبحوثين موضع دراسة الحالة ، أوضحت النتائج أن الجدوى الإقتصادية للإرشاد الزراعى بين التکلفة والعائد کانت کالتالى: جملة المنافع 159778الجدوى الإقتصادية = ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــ = ـــــــــــــــــــ = 2.6 تقريبا. جملة التکاليف 61500 وهذا معناه أن الجنيه الواحد المنفق على جهاز الإرشاد الزراعى ليقوم بدوره مع زراع الأرز المبحوثين بکفر الشيخ له مردود إقتصادى معرفى على الإنتاج تقدر قيمته النقدية 2.6 جنيها تقريبا .7- يوصى البحث بتکوين لجان قروية للإرشاد الزراعى التعاونى لحل مشکلة تآکل قوى نقل المعرفة الزراعية لزراع محصول الأرز. T he main objective of this research is to estimate the economic and knowledge losses in the rice crop in light of the absence of the role of agricultural extension in Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate. A personal interview questionnaire was used to collect data in 2019, percentages, mean, and repeating tables, as descriptive statistical methods were used to explain and interpret data. The research results were shawed that the total economic value of knowledge loss in the pound in the rice crop in both nurseries and permanent land at the studied case farmers amounted to 159778 pounds. And with regard to estimating the economic feasibility of agricultural extension between cost and return with the rice farmers interviewed in the case study, the results showed that the economic feasibility of agricultural extension between cost and return was 2.6 approximately.The research’ recommendation is to formation of village committees for cooperative agricultural extension to solve the problem of erosion of the forces of transfer of agricultural knowledge to rice crop farmers.

Factors affecting the health awareness of rural women in Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate

This research was aimed mainly to determine the factors affecting awareness of health for rural women Kafr El-Sheikh governorateKafr, El Sheikh Governorate was chosen as a region to conduct this research, and a center was randomly chosen from among the ten governorate centers, so the Sidi Salem Center was randomly follow research data were collected by Personal interview questionnaires, through a random sample amounted 227 respondents amounted (143 respondents from Shalma, while 126 respondents from Teda) Collected data were coded and analyzed using frequencies, percentages, means, standard deviation, simple & multiple correlation coefficients, partial & multiple regression coefficient. The most important findings of this research could be summarized as follows: Results showed that approximately 77% of the respondents occupied the medium and low health awareness category, that 86.5% of the respondents fell into the category of medium and low awareness regarding family health, and that about 89% of the respondents fell into the category of medium and low awareness while It is related to the health of the home, and that about 93% of the respondents fall into the category of medium and low awareness regarding the recycling of household waste

Assessment of Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices towards New Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) of Health Care Professionals in Greece before the Outbreak Period.

Introduction: The ongoing severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2 pandemic has expanded globally. The aim of the current study is to investigate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of health care professionals in Greece towards SARS-CoV-2. Methods: From 10–25 February 2020, 500 health care workers were approached. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards SARS-CoV-2 were assessed via a personal interview questionnaire. For knowledge, each correct answer was given 1 point; attitudes, or concerns aimed at prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and practices, or behaviors towards performing preventive practices, were assigned 1 point each. Points were summed and a score for each category was calculated. Results: A total of 461 health care workers returned the questionnaire and were included in the analysis (mean age ± SD: 44.2 ± 10.78 years, 74% females). The majority were nurses (47.5%), followed by physicians (30.5%) and paramedics (19%). The majority of subjects (88.28%) had a good level of knowledge (knowledge score equal to 4, or more). The majority of participants (71%) agreed with the temporary traveling restrictions ban. The uptake of a future vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 was estimated at 43%. Knowledge score was significantly associated with both attitudes score (p = 0.011) and practices score (p < 0.001), indicating that subjects with a high knowledge score demonstrated a more positive perception on preventive measures and would practice more preventive measures. Attitudes score was significantly associated with practices score (p = 0.009) indicating that subjects with a higher attitudes score are more likely to perform practices towards the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Conclusion: There is a high level of knowledge concerning SARS-CoV-2 pandemic among Greek health care workers and this is significantly associated with positive attitudes and practices towards preventive health measures. The high level of knowledge of health professionals about SARS-CoV-2 may have contributed considerably to the successful management of the pandemic in Greece. Tailored educational campaigns aiming to increase the proportion of health care workers willing to accept a potential SARS-CoV-2 vaccine could be of paramount importance in future proactive vaccine educational campaigns.

THE ROLE OF NGOS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF MICRO AND SMALL ENTERPRISES IN RURAL AREAS IN FAYOUM GOVERNORATE

This study aimed basically to identify the role of NGOs in the developmentof micro and small enterprises in rural Fayoum governorate, through thefollowing sub-objectives: SWOT analysis of NGOs in the development ofmicro and small enterprises, describe the role of NGOs for development thesmall and micro enterprises in their various fields (technical, finance,marketing, training) from the point of view of the owners of these enterprises.found a strategy that NGOs can follow to develop small and micro enterprises.The data were collected from 36 a NGOs' in Fayoum and Etsa districts inFayoum governorate using a guide to interview with the directors of theseassociations to identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats ofthese associations. Data on the role of NGOs in the development of micro andsmall enterprises were collected from 180 of the owners of these enterprises.Using a personal interview questionnaire. Frequency distribution tables,percentages, mean arithmetic, standard deviation, and alpha (α) were used in theCronbach method.The most important results were the SWOT analysis of the strengths,weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the studied NGOs. The results alsoshowed that the technical role played by NGOs for the development of smalland micro enterprises is average (45.4%), 42.3% of the respondents believe thatthe funding role of NGOs was average. As for the marketing role of NGOs,60.2% of the respondents said that it was low, while 65.2% For NGOs wasaverage for the overall score of NGOs' role in project development (45.4%).The study found a strategy that NGOs can follow to develop small and microenterprises as the best solution to promote rural communities and improve ruralliving standards.

Ethnobotanical study of plants used medicinally by Bapedi traditional healers to treat sinusitis and related symptoms in the Limpopo province, South Africa

and elsewhere. The present study therefore explored ethnobotanical practices of 132 Bapedi traditional healers (THs) pertinent to these diseases in the three districts of Limpopo Province, South Africa. Information was accrued using a semi-structured questionnaire in personal interviews, complemented by field observations. A total of 44 plant species belonging to 43 genera and 29 botanical families, mostly the Fabaceae (n=5 spp.) and Asteraceae (n=4 spp.) were documented as being used by THs for sinusitis and related symptoms. Trees (40.9%), followed by herbs (36.3%) and shrubs (22.7%) occupied the highest floristic composition. Roots (43.1%) and leaves (22.7%) were the most preferred parts from these habits for herbal preparation. The most popular species across the surveyed districts for treating sinusitis and related symptoms were Adansonia digitata, Clerodendrum ternatum, Cryptocarya transvaalensis, Enicostema axillare, Kalanchoe brachyloba, Lasiosiphon caffer, Moringa oleifera, Sclerocarya birrea, Siphonochilus aethiopicus and Stylochaeton natalensis, each scoring the highest fidelity level and use value indexes. Most species used by interviewed THs are recorded in this study for the first time as medicines for these ailments.

AN ANALYTICAL STUDY OF POVERTY IN FAYOUM GOVERNORATE

The aim of this research is to identify the personal and socialcharacteristics of poor rural households in the study area and to construct aquantitative measure of the level of poverty of rural households. It hasindications of stability, honesty and ability to discriminate, identify the factorsthat influence the components of the poverty scale in the study area andidentify the most important variables affecting poverty and importanceRelative to each of them in the study area, and identify the most importantproblems faced by poor rural households in the study area and proposals tosolve them from the point of view of the respondents. The study was conducted in Fayoum Governorate and Tamiya Centerwas selected as it is the poorest and most backward center. The village waschosen from Tamiya center random manner. The selected sample size was 160rural households, 10% of the total size of 1582 rural households. But collectedfrom the head of the household only within each household. The study datawere collected by a personal interview questionnaire from July to the end ofAugust, and were based on repetitive tables, percentages, tests of honesty,consistency and ability to discriminate, Poverty scale The most importantresults wereThe results showed that about 43.8% of all poor rural households havelow economic level, 64.4% have low level of education, 51.3% have lowlevels of health, and 57.5% have a total poverty level. The most importantvariables affecting both the economic, educational and health levels of poorrural households were: average per capita income and level of ambition. Thestudy concluded with discussing the most important results and highlightingtheir theoretical and practical implications.

ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS LEVEL OF RURAL WOMEN TO MAINTENANCE SOME AGRICULTURAL NATURAL RESOURCES IN MINYA AND FAYOUM GOVERNORATES

the study aimed at determining the level of environmental awareness of rural woman, and identifying knowledge level of plant genetic resources as a source to save agricultural natural resources, As well as the relationship between social and economic independent variables and total degrees of environmental awareness maintenance of agricultural natural resources, in addition, perception of their problems, identifying the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and challenges for maintenance agricultural natural resources. The research was conducted in Minya and Fayoum, Governorates based on a percentage of pollution for Nile water, air and soil, and these governorates located in the first rank based on these criteria. Accordingly, two districts were selected with two villages from each district, namely (sandfa, shalgam) villages from bane mazar district, Minya governorate, and (kalmsha, el sada) from Etsa district Fayoum governorate. Data were collected from sample of 194 rural women, using personal interview questionnaire, frequencies, percentages and simple correlation coefficient were used for data analyzing.The most important results of the analysis as follows; 1. The results showed that (40%) of respondents were found in the middle-Level category of the total degree of environmental awareness compared to 35% of respondents located in the low category. 2. There was a positive correlation between the following social-economic independent variables: current age, year’s number of experience in agriculture, agricultural holding, number of agricultural operations involved and the total degree of environmental awareness maintenance of agricultural land ,while there were negative correlation between agricultural holding, number of agricultural operations involved, and the total degree of environmental awareness maintenance of water irrigation, while it appositive between age, average education of family members and the total degree of environmental awareness maintenance air. 3. The results showed that (61%) of respondents were found in the middle Level category of the knowledge about plant genetic resources. 4. The most important social and economic problems caused by depletion of agricultural natural resources low of productivity by (97%), suffering from poverty by (94%),and migration of young people by( 80%).

BREEDERS’ KNOWLEDGE CONCERNING THE TECHNICAL RECOMMENDATIONS OF MEAT ANIMALS BREEDING IN SOME VILLAGES OF EL-BEHIRA GOVERNORATE

The main objectives of this research were: to determine breeders’knowledge level concerning technical recommendations of meat animalsbreeding, also to identify reasons of its breeding, and as well as to identify thedifferent problems facing breeders in this field from view points of therespondents.This research was carried out in EL-Behira Governorate on a simplerandom sample amounted 144 respondents were selected among meat animalsbreeders population from six villages in three districts as follows : Krakes and AlMalhatani (Dammanhour district), Al-Magd and Gezirat Al-Rahmania (AlRahmania district),and Tiba and Gazaer Eissa (Al-Delingat district).Data were collected by using a pretested personal interview questionnaire duringJanuary and February 2016. After data Processing Arithmetic mean, percentages,and frequencies tables were used to show and analyze data statisticallyThe main results could be revealed as follows:- Respondents’ knowledge level concerning the technical recommendations ofmeat animals breeding was high regarding both of methods of meat animalsbreeding, change the bottom layer where animals stay upon, characteristics ofanimal barns, and different parasites that infect meat animals.- Respondents’ knowledge level was moderate regarding both ofcharacteristics of good meat animal, appropriate daily rations in relation withanimal weight, technical veterinary recommendations related meat animals health,different disease that infect meat animals, and technical recommendations ofpreparing meat animals for sale.- Respondents’ knowledge level was low regarding both the different ways ofmeat animals fattening, Feed additives stimulant for fattening, places which go toit for treatment from diseases infection, and needed Immunizations.- The main reasons for breeders to breed meat animals were: desire to increasefarm income, achieve the economic security and inheritance of the profession, getanother activity in addition to farming, and to benefit from animal manure asorganic compost.-The most important problems facing respondents from their view points were:high prices of fodders and concentrates (100%), unavailability of subsidizedfodder rations for small breeders (91.6%). While the main problems related toveterinary care were: deficiency in number of veterinary extension specialists(91.6%), spread of many of animal diseases (100%), and high cost of veterinarymedications (100%). Also The main problems related to extension activitiesconcerning breeding of meat animals were ; weakness of field follow-ups andmonitoring (100%), lack of extension publications (100%), and low availabilityof extension programs and meetings directed towards meat animals breeders,Moreover, there were some problems regarding animals marketing like: lowmarket prices in comparison with that cost in fattening animals (83%), and spreadof injuries due to the crowded animals markets (77%).

LIVING ADAPTATION METHODS FOR HOUSE HOLD WOMAN IN THE LIGHT OF FEMINIZATION POVERTY IN SOME EGYPTIAN GOVERNORATES

The study aimed at determining the living Adaptation methods in the light of feminization poverty, As well as the relationship between social and economic independent variables and total degrees of living Adaptation methods of house hold woman in villages study, perception of their problems in addition, and identifying the concept of poverty from perspective of respondents. The research was conducted in Assiut, Sohag, and banesuf Governorates based on percentage of poverty, illiteracy rate, percentage of house hold woman, and these governorates located in the first rank based on these criteria. Accordingly three districts are selected with one village from each districit according to the number of house hold woman, namely Dirout Sharif village from Dirout district, Assiut governorate, and el shoka village from tama district Sohag governorate, salah village from El fashn district, banesuf governorate. Data were collected from sample of 315 house hold woman, using personal interview questionnaire, and in-depth individual focus discusion, Z score test, simple correlation coefficient, frequencies and percentages were used for data analysing.

Farmers Knowledge Level about Practices that Reduce Environment Pollution Risk with Pesticides in some Villages of Tookh District, Qaliubiya Governorate

The study aims to identify the knowledge level of the respondents males and females) regarding the technical recommendations related to reducing the risk of environment pollution with pesticides in Tookh District Qaliubiya governorate. The study focused on identifying the personal and social characteristics of the interviewees, and identifying the differences between respondents (males and females) with respect to both their knowledge level of the agricultural technical recommendations and their level of knowledge of the implemented practices. The stuck as carried oast in EL- Manzala. Namool and 'Terrsah villages with a total random sample of 121 respondents (64 male and 57 female). Data were collected using personal interview questionnaire, and analyzed using appropriate statistical methods. The most important results of the study can he summarized as follows: Females' participation in the suggested extension program was high representing about (47.1%). Males had high knowledge level regarding the technical recommendations of reducing environment pollution with pesticides. whereas (20%) of them had medium knowledge level. and (17%) had Low level. Females' knowledge level was high representing about (25%). and about (47%) had medium level, and (28%) had low knowledge level. The results revealed that about 45% of total respondents (M/F) fell in the high knowledge category of the technical recommendations. 33% fell in the medium category and finally 22% fell in the lo category. By testing the significance of the relationship between both of the respondents knowledge of the technical recommendations among males and females. it was apparent that the relationship was significant at the level of (0.01). where calculated Chi' reached (18.00) and the tabulated reached (9.21). Regarding the implementation degree of technical recommendations, about 55% of males had high implementation degree, whereas 25% and 20% had medium and low implementation degree respectively. In general half of the sample implemented the extension program effectively. Additionally, the results showed that about 16% of females had high implementation level and about 53% of them had medium level. while 31% had low implementation level. Generally. about 36% of the total respondents had high implementation level. 38% had medium level, 26% low level. By testing the significance of the relationship between male and female respondents regarding their implementation practices to reduce the environment pollution with pesticides. it was revealed that the relationship was significant at level of (0.01). as the value of calculated Chi- was (20.09) and the tabulated value was (9.21).

SOCIAL INDICATORS OF THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF THE INHABITANTS OF SIDI BARANI AREA IN NORTH WEST COAST.

The research aimed at identifying the level of knowledge of persons whosubject to research withsocial indicators of quality of life at the research area, in termsof: (nutritional level, health level, educational level, and the state of housing, familyrelations, social security, community and belonging, and access to social developmentprojects). and determine the moral differences between the level of knowledge of persons who subject to research with social indicators of quality of life level at theresearch area as a dependent variable and the independent variables studied.Moreover, determine the cumulative effect of the relations coupled independentvariables relevant in explaining the variation in the level of knowledge of personswho subject to research with social indicators of quality of life at the research area.The research aimed at the approach of social sample survey to identify the knowledgepersons who subject to research with social indicators of quality of life at the researcharea, it has also adopted a quantitative approach in an attempt to muzzle thephenomenon the subject of research, and was relying on the manner of field researchto achieve the objectives of the research.The research was conducted atSidiBarrani village, which is one of the eightadministrative villages that related to the Matrouh Governorate, featuring CityOutboard, and eight local units village are: Qatrani, Abu Marzouk, Abu Mezhoud,Abu Stil, Azwaidh, Fakhiri,zafry and shammas .In addition, the research involves all the inhabitants of SidiBarranivillage totaling(46,896 people). Regarding the research sample it has been determined using anequation Kreczsa and Morgan stood strong (381 persons who subject to research),were distributed sample on the problem of the search area nine regions according tothe proportion of each of them in a comprehensive research and withdrawn simplerandom manner.A personal interview questionnaire has been designed and data has beencollected during the period from mid-September to mid-November 2015 to achievethe goals of the research. And used in the presentation of metadata tabularpresentation of frequencies and percentages, as well as middle-class. As well as theuse of relative congruence coefficient (Kay) Square (Ca 2) to test the statisticalhypotheses and determine moral or not moral relationship between the dependent andindependent variables studied variable. Has also been benefiting from a combinationof the values of the property (Ca 2+) and coefficient Chbro -nzera because the searchvariables of type nominal or Alrtba- to estimate the contribution of each of theindependent variables studied related to the variable in predictive have the ability andknowledge of the complex impact of the variables independent studied related to thevariable ratios. The data of this research analyzed by computer using the statisticalsoftware package for Social.

EXTENSION WORK REQUIREMENTS FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF ORGANIC AGRICULTURE FROM THE STANDPOINT OF THE EXTENSION WORKERS IN MENIA GOVERNORATE

this research aimed at determining the degree of importance of the requirements related to: the agricultural extension system, personnel and extension programs in order to enable agricultural extension play an active role for the promotion of organic farming, as well as to identifying the sources of information of the respondents regarding organic agriculture, and identifying the problems and suggested solutions concerning that matter. The study was conducted in Minia Governorate, where the largest number of the extension workers was found in three districts, data were collected in January and February 2015 by using personal interview questionnaire with a random sample of extension personnel amounted to 138 respondents representing about 64.2% of the total number of extension personnel in these districts according to Krejcie and Morgan. Frequencies, percentages and weighted average were used to present data of study.The most important results were summarized as follows: 1- The most important requirements for the agricultural extension system to improve organic agriculture according to the weighted average were: provide specialists for organic agriculture at the level of agricultural departments (3.62), provide a suitable means of communication between organic farmers and agricultural extension (3.59), following strength the relationship between agricultural extension system and agriculture research centers to get new information and recent results in organic agriculture (3.58). 2- The most important requirements for extension personnel for improving organic agriculture according to the weighted average was as follows: provide financial and material support for agricultural workers to enable them to carry out their functions in organic agriculture (3.55), then agricultural workers are high qualified in agricultural extension (3.52), and subsequent access to suitable and sufficient courses in organic agriculture (3.5). 3- The most important requirements for developing extension programs for improving organic agriculture according to the weighted average were: identify problems facing organic agriculture in Egypt (3.5), and then identify the needs of consumers of organic products (3.43), following the preparation of guidance publications on organic agriculture (3.39). 4- The results indicated that the work chiefs come in the first as source of the organic agriculture to respondents as it mentioned by (76.8%), then extension meetings (72.5%), and extension releases (72.5%).The results showed that the most important problems from the perspective of respondents were: the absence of complete knowledge among consumers of the importance of organic product in terms of value to health and the environment (78.9%),And lack of agricultural inputs of seed, bio-fertilizer and organic pesticides (70.3%), with easy way to farm. 6- The most important solutions to problems were: the agricultural extension raise awareness of consumer for the importance of organic product on health and environmental (81.9%), support production requirements and provide in the agricultural association (73.9%). This research was completed several recommendations were derived from the findings.

The Heckman Model of Dietary Diversity Score: The Case of Akaki Small-Scale Irrigation Scheme

The study aims to develop Heckman model of dietary diversity score: the case of Akaki Small-Scale Irrigation Scheme. Out of 700 farming households with systematically stratified random sampling technique, this causal type of study analyzed 246 household surveys based primary data (personal interview questionnaire) with inferential statistics (Heckman two stage). It shows that farming households are still insufficient of dietary diversity. At 0.05 probability level; sex, land size (ls), educational level (ed), off farm income (offarmi), irrigation experience (exep) and distance from home to water source (dhomeland) are significant determinant factors of dietary diversity. At 0.05 probability level; sex, off farm income (offarmi), irrigation experience (exep) and distance from home to water source (dhomeland) are statistically significant determinants and they reliably predict participation in small scale irrigation scheme, citrus paribus. Collective action among governments, NGOs and farming households on flood control and market linkage (perfect information on price of their product) should be taken to let farming households harvest two times per year and prosper.