Experience Research Articles

Safety monitoring and countermeasures of anticoagulant drugs for pulmonary thromboembolism

The safe use of anticoagulant drugs is a major challenge in the clinical management of pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE). This paper presents a comprehensive review of the recent literature, summarizing and evaluating the classification and historical development of anticoagulants, monitoring strategies for their administration, selection and safety considerations for special patient populations (such as those with malignant tumors, pregnant women or obese patients) and specific disease states (including platelet disorders, severe renal insufficiency, active bleeding and pulmonary hypertension). It also discusses current research into countermeasures for anticoagulant-related bleeding. Based on personal experience and expertise in this field, we propose an approach to managing the safety of anticoagulant therapy.

The English Divorce Courts, non-physical ‘cruelty’ and ‘coercive control’ in wives’ petitions, 1857–1914

ABSTRACT This article focuses on petitions presented before the English Divorce Court 1857–1914 to investigate women’s personal experiences and understandings of non-physical ‘cruelty’ in marriage and to relate this to present-day understandings of ‘coercive control’. A dataset of 269 petitions is analysed, focusing on three prevalent abuse types: economic abuse relating to a wife’s duties and responsibilities as household manager; emotional and psychological abuse in relation to pregnancy and motherhood; and the use of domestic space and household objects (associated with the marital home). Forms of non-physical cruelty were found in every petition, typically alongside physical actions, highlighting their importance to the disintegration of marital life. This article demonstrates how Divorce Court petitions, located in the UK National Archives, are an exceptional lens that reveal the complex repertoires and patterns of abusive behaviour, combining non-physical cruelty with physical violence, that were recorded by Victorian and Edwardian women. It sheds light not only on women’s experiences of marriage but also their understandings and expectations regarding what was acceptable.

‘Bapedi A Re Boeleng Setṧong’ - Consequences of Undermining Ancestral Beliefs with Regards to the Concept of ‘Mohlobolo’ from Bapedi People’s Cultural Perspective

There appears to be an increasing interest in the integration of the concept ‘mohlobolo’ and traditional wedding ceremony (monyanya) in the Bapedi society, and this revives and strengthens Bapedi people’s traditional relationship with the ancestral realm. Strengthening interactions of ancestors of both families (bride and groom) through the significance role played by ‘mohlobolo’ has been a common practice for ages in the Bapedi society, but some families deliberately ignore this practice as the consequence of being mesmerized by external theological beliefs and modern technologies. There has been unsatisfactory integration of the concept ‘mohlobolo’ and traditional wedding ceremony even though Bapedi cultural heritage and identity advocates its use, and significant meaning stating that it strengthens the marriage relationship and preserves Bapedi people’s cultural wedding practice. Amongst Bapedi people, teamwork is preferable to get everyone involved and to facilitate ancestor veneration. This paper has its goal a drive to recognize ancestral beliefs as the foundation of a happy family and the creation of spiritual and religious values within Bapedi people’s cultural context. To address the objectives of this study, the following primary research questions were considered: 1) What are the consequences of undermining the pivotal role played by the concept ‘mohlobolo’ in traditional Bapedi wedding ceremonies? and 2) why are innocent children and grandchildren suffering because of the ignorance and negligence by their parents and grandparents? The primary sources for data collection include observations and oral interviews that were conducted through face-to-face interaction. The interviews were aimed at eliciting first-hand information on the knowledge of the subject matter. The secondary sources included among others, materials such as journal articles, books and theses, and of course personal experience. The results have shown that in the Bapedi society, some families are disintegrated as the consequence of undermining the pivotal role played by the concept ‘mohlobolo’. There appears to be unpleasant marriage relationship in some families; female partners cannot procreate, etc. It was concluded that ‘mohlobolo’ serves as the eternal bond between the families and the ancestors of the two families that are coming together through the bride and bridegroom.

Communal Load Sharing of Miscarriage Experiences: Thematic Analysis of Social Media Community Support.

Miscarriage is a common experience, affecting 15% of recognized pregnancies, but societal ignorance and taboos often downplay the mental distress and personal impact following a miscarriage. Emerging stories on social media in which women express their miscarriage grief are breaking such taboos. Research in the area of online health communities is increasingly focused on studying how people share their health experiences on social media. However, a clear understanding on the social support involved in this type of sharing of health experiences is lacking. This study explored the use of Instagram in sharing miscarriage experiences, guided by the following research question: How is social community support given to women who share their miscarriage experiences on social media? Considering that social media is increasingly used as a source of social support, in this study, we chose Instagram as the social media platform. The purpose of this research was to create a better understanding of how social media provides support in expressing personal miscarriage experiences and how people engage with such posts. This study used a qualitative inductive research method in which a phenomenological strategy and thematic analysis were followed to create a comprehensive understanding of the social community support phenomenon. The dataset was established from a sample of 258 Instagram posts and 736 comments collected over a period of 6 months after initial posts and from 6 different women. These data were categorized and clustered through a thematic analysis. Three themes were identified: (1) storytelling of emotional turmoil and grief after miscarriage, (2) sharing positivity amidst miscarriage grief, and (3) mentioning personal medical information about miscarriage. Theme 1 represents the emotional experience of women who have had a miscarriage. It encompasses the initial posts that included miscarriage storytelling that express deep grief and mental distress and the emotional impact on both the posters and the commenters. Theme 2 highlights the importance of finding moments of joy and positivity in the midst of mental distress and pain. The posts shared with the online community convey a sense of moving forward and a refusal to let grief become the defining aspect of one's life. Theme 3 focuses on sharing medical and practical advice. This theme includes posts and comments about medications, in vitro fertilization procedures, hospital experiences, and personal physical symptoms. As an overarching theme for this social support phenomenon, we introduce the term communal load sharing to describe the therapeutic role of social media in helping women cope with miscarriage by providing a platform for sharing similar experiences, breaking social taboos, and fostering load sharing.

Exploring Individual Spiritual Compatibility in Search for Divine Encounter: A Phenomenological Perspective on Religious Pluralism. 'Phenomenological Pluralism' theory (PP).02

Phenomenological Pluralism (PP) introduces a groundbreaking approach to understanding religious pluralism by emphasizing the unique, irreducible nature of each individual's Personal Experience of the Divine (ExPD). PP challenges the traditional view of religious universality by arguing that spiritual encounters are shaped by the compatibility between the individual and their religious context. Unlike other theories that attempt to find common ground among religions or emphasize doctrinal differences, PP promotes an open dialogue where every religious tradition is valid based on its ability to offer an authentic spiritual experience. The PP theory highlights that ExPD can occur within any tradition that resonates with the individual's existential structure, transcending rigid religious boundaries. PP also addresses concerns over syncretism, illustrating how religious founders often incorporated elements from previous traditions to foster deeper spiritual engagement. This perspective encourages interfaith dialogue focused on empathy and mutual understanding, rejecting competition and emphasizing cooperation. PP thus offers a dynamic and flexible framework for addressing the complexities of religious experience in a globalized world. This article also reviews the main differences between PP and the other two previously recognized theories of religious pluralism, John Hick's and Diana Eck's, recognizing the utility of each in building consistent interreligious dialogue.

Patients’ Perceptions of Cannabis Contamination in Florida's Medical Program

Introduction As medical cannabis becomes more accessible, product quality must be evaluated. Researchers identified a social media community where Florida medical cannabis patients discuss personal experiences. The objective of this study was to analyze posts in this community to understand patient experience with products purchased from Florida medical dispensaries they believed to be contamination, perceptions of product quality, and desired changes to the Florida program. Methods Social networking theory acted as the underlying framework, and we employed a qualitative case study design to identify mentions of possible contamination and understand patient perceptions of contamination and the Florida medical cannabis program from the Reddit community FLMedicalTrees. The lead researcher conducted a social media analysis of posts identified as containing discussions relevant to product contamination. Constant comparison methods were used to code data, arrive at themes, and maintain validity and reliability of interpretation of coded themes. Results Of 300 post mentions of contamination, 98 posts were identified as relevant following review. Key results were: 1. Multiple mentions of possible contamination for products from medical cannabis dispensaries reported by Florida program patients. 2. Patients sought second opinions when concerned about possible contamination and shared personal experiences as well as advice on what concerned patients should do if they believe they have contaminated products. 3. Some patients expressed feelings of anxiety and worry about health, safety, and quality control, while others that described possible product contamination did not express concern. 4. Patients wanted changes regarding vertical integration, company accountability, state oversight, and home grow law. Conclusions Medical cannabis patients and providers could benefit from education on responding to possible contamination within medical cannabis products. Policymakers should consider these findings when setting regulations around contamination testing thresholds, dispensary oversight, and other regulations that directly impact patient safety like allowing patients to see products before purchase.

The Effects of Childhood Trauma and Peer Relationships on Well-being

As more and more people begin to talk about traumatic childhood experiences, the topic has gradually become a hot topic in society. Childhood trauma (CT), which stems from various sources such as family instability, social environments, and personal experiences, can lead to long-term psychological issues that diminish an individual's perception of happiness. Most people believe that CT can affect happiness, and that peer relationships are equally important in an individual's upbringing, and can even affect happiness. This essay explores the complex connections between peer relationships, well-being, and early trauma, with an emphasis on how these interactions affect happiness. Therefore, through the investigation of existing data and literature, the results show that people who have experienced CT are less likely to experience happiness, while people who have positive peer relationships are better able to experience happiness. The results highlight how important peer interactions and CT are to an individual's overall wellbeing. Despite the extensive scope of the available studies, there remains a void in research examining happiness beyond the college years. This research argues that in order to fully comprehend these processes, more comprehensive studies of happiness throughout various life phases are required. All things considered, promoting long-term well-being and happiness requires resolving CT and cultivating strong peer relationships.

Diversifying the Nursing Workforce Through Holistic Admissions Review to Nursing School.

Although a diverse healthcare workforce has been linked to improved care quality and cost savings, the U.S. nursing workforce does not mirror the population of underrepresented minority (URM) groups in the country. Holistic admissions review (HAR) is an innovative process that can increase the number of URM students entering nursing education programs. In addition to using traditional grade point average and entrance test scores for admissions criteria, HAR considers non-academic attributes such as personal qualities and life experiences. Nursing schools that adopt HAR can help diversify the nursing workforce. Lebacqz's (1987) Six Theories of Justice can aid Christian nurse educators in evaluating and advocating for HAR.

How do People With Mental Illness Experience Conflictual Police Encounters? A Qualitative Study with German Forensic Psychiatric Patients

How do People With Mental Illness Experience Conflictual Police Encounters? A Qualitative Study with German Forensic Psychiatric Patients

Critically Engaged Language and Literacy Workshops as a Disruptive Pedagogy in Plurilingual Classrooms

AbstractThis study explored racialized newcomer student participants' experiences in a rural high school in Western Canada, and utilized critically engaged language and literacy workshops (CELLWs) as a means to authentically represent participants' interrelationships with and relatability to their school and community spaces. CELLWs are an important avenue for self‐reflection that fosters socially just, diverse, and equitable educational practices. Understanding the nuanced lived experiences of newcomers, and how these inform educational practices today, represents a pivotal need in the development of educational pedagogies that encompass past and present experiences reinforced within different places and spaces. The study was guided by the following question: To what extent can CELLWs afford multicultural and plurilingual identities to establish a disruptive pedagogy and re‐imagine classroom spaces? The researchers centered arts and walking methodologies within four CELLWs sessions to open up subjective practices and analyses that intersect equitable, inclusive, and diverse theories and participants' life experiences. Data was drawn from a qualitative and thematic analysis that was obtained from participants' artwork, written reflections, and individual/group interviews. The study revealed the importance of CELLWs in research and in‐classroom practices as practitioners and scholars become accountable when appropriating such activities to create spaces for meaning‐making processes that consider relevant personal experiences and feelings within schools and communities.

The Teaching About De Facto States in Times of Crises: The Case of Transnistria

In this article, I share my personal experience of teaching about the de facto state of Transnistria during times of crises and within Central and East European and multicultural contexts. I begin by explaining where and when I teach about Transnistria, which may not be so obvious because it is a narrow topic. Next, I focus on how I approach classes devoted to Transnistria as a controversial and sensitive issue that requires specific teaching strategies. Finally, I discuss the outcomes of implementing these strategies and share my personal feelings about instruction concerning Transnistria. This article may be valuable to junior scholars who have recently started covering the subject of Transnistria and other de facto states and are seeking guidance. It may also benefit experienced senior scholars by offering them an opportunity to compare their teaching strategies.

Demand Side Factors and Financial Inclusion: The Mediating Role of Financial Self-efficacy

Despite the recognized significance of achieving financial inclusion in Nigeria,there is limited studies in this area. This gap primarily arises from the prevailingfocus in existing literature on financial inclusion in Nigeria, which predominantlyemphasizes the supply side. Therefore, this study delved into the role of financial selfefficacyas a mediator in the relationship between demand-side factors and the financialinclusion of micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in selected local governmentsin Oyo State. The study employed a cross-sectional survey design, the studygathered primary data through structured questionnaires and utilized a structuralequation model for analysis. The findings reported a significant positive link betweenfinancial attitude and financial inclusion (p-value: 0.000). Likewise, there was a noteworthypositive association between subjective norms and financial inclusion (p-value:0.001), as well as between personal experience and financial inclusion (p-value: 0.003). Intriguingly, financial self-efficacy emerged as a substantial obstacle to financial inclusion,acting as a mediating factor with a p-value of (0.002). By evaluating the mediationeffect, this study shows how financial self-efficacy enhance individuals MSMEs ownersto confidently undertake financial tasks and decisions and consequently, financial inclusion in relation to their attitude, experience and subjective norms respectively. Consequently,the study recommends the promotion of positive financial attitudes amongindividual MSMEs to facilitate continuous access to diverse financial services. Financialservice providers should prioritize the establishment of an effective and sustainablefinancial system that offers affordable services to MSMEs. Furthermore, communityleaders are encouraged to play a role in motivating their members to actively engage inthe formal financial sector.

Will home-ownership enhance allegiance? The effects of home-ownership on Hong Kong people’s national identity and their mechanisms based on quasi-experimental evidence from HKPSSD

ABSTRACT The social problems especially housing issues have continued to plague Hong Kong residents, affecting their allegiance and the stability. In light of the theoretical framework on institutional-psychological perspective, Hong Kong residents comprehend their own political, socioeconomic environments in terms of their personal characteristics and experiences. Based on these cognitions of their life, the resident sevaluate the overall performance of social development, and then construct their identity as well as source of legitimacy. To acquirein-depth perceptions of the internal mechanism of the residents’ national identity, it is crucial to penetrate the effects of house-ownership to analyse the causes of these challenges in order to optimize the collaboration of social security systems. Utilizing the data set from HKPSSD and using the Home Ownership Scheme as an instrumental variable to exclude endogeneity, this study verifies the enhancement effect and transmission mechanism of house-ownership on the national identity of Hong Kong residents. As a result, house-ownership can effectively enhance Hong Kong residents’ national identity. Further analysis also shows that house-ownership enhances psychological integration and ultimately constructs national identity of Hong Kong people by improving their life satisfaction. Finally, some policy implication has been proposed with perspectives of housing policy enhancement on national identity.

Special Olympics athletes’ experiences of mental health and help-seeking

Existing research has identified the prevalence, as well as protective factors related to athlete mental health. This study expanded the research on athlete mental health by exploring Special Olympics athletes’ mental health experiences. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven female and five male Special Olympics athletes (13–58 years old). Data were analyzed with an interpretive description approach. The results revealed that Special Olympics provided contexts where athletes felt competent and socially connected, which enhanced their mental health. Athletes considered help-seeking as helpful and sought help mostly from informal sources that they could trust (e.g., caregivers, Special Olympics coaches). Healthcare providers (e.g., counselors) were viewed as experts, but were difficult to access. Some athletes reported fear of others’ negative reactions to help-seeking. As mental health disparities persist against individuals with intellectual disability, continued work is necessary to promote equitable access to healthcare and the mental health of individuals with intellectual disability.

The Newborn Infant Parasympathetic Evaluation Index for Assessment of Procedural Pain and Discomfort in Mechanically Ventilated Pediatric Intensive Care Patients: A Prospective, Exploratory, Observational Study.

The heart rate variability-based Newborn Infant Parasympathetic Evaluation (NIPE) Index is a continuous noninvasive tool for the assessment of pain and discomfort in infants. Little is known about its performance in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) setting, where assessment of pain/discomfort is usually based on discontinuous observational scoring systems or personal experience of medical staff. Evaluation of the performance of NIPE as an indicator of procedural pain and/or discomfort in conscious mechanically ventilated PICU patients. Procedural pain/discomfort was simultaneously assessed during pain- or stressful procedures by two validated discontinuous clinical scoring systems (FLACC and COMFORT-B scale) and the NIPE. NIPE values, FLACC- and COMFORT-B scores were recorded in 17 infants with a mean age of 1.2 (range 0.8-5.9) months. NIPE values associated with positive FLACC- (≥ 4; indicative of pain) and/or COMFORT-B (≥ 17, indicative of discomfort) scores were lower (p < 0.001) than when associated with negative FLACC (< 4) and/or COMFORT-B (< 17) scores with 95% CI's of a difference of -14 to -11 (FLACC), -13 to -11 (COMFORT-B) and -14 to -11 (FLACC and COMFORT-B), with significant interindividual variability in NIPE values. Logistic regression analyses revealed odds ratios between 0.84 and 0.85; the adjacent receiver operating curve analyses showed areas under the curve between 0.83 and 0.88. NIPE data recording failure occurred during 49.3% of the periods with a FLACC ≥ 4% and 40.7% with a COMFORT-B ≥ 17. The NIPE detects procedural pain and discomfort in conscious mechanically ventilated infants with an accuracy comparable to established clinical scoring systems. However, because of significant interindividual variability of NIPE values and frequent data recording failure associated with patient movement, we believe it is premature to recommend its use in conscious infants.

Using Legitimation Code Theory to Underpin the Development of Undergraduate Nursing Students' Breastfeeding Knowledge: A Qualitative Study.

To explore how undergraduate nursing students develop knowledge during a breastfeeding module. A qualitative study using a single case-study approach. This study was conducted in Australia over 2 years during the period between July 2021 and December 2022. Semi-structured interviews and artefact collection were conducted with a purposive sample of undergraduate nurses (n = 10) who completed a paediatric elective subject that included a breastfeeding module. Thematic and content analysis were used. The specialisation dimension in Legitimation Code Theory (LCT) was used for the content analysis, and students' data was mapped on the specialisation plane. This study reveals how participants developed knowledge by linking personal breastfeeding experiences to theoretical components within the nursing program. Using the LCT dimension of specialisation, this study provides new insights into how participants move through distinct quadrants of the specialisation plane. Learners tour between the knowledge, knower, and elite quadrants of the plane as they integrate their knowledge. The research maps the journey towards becoming the 'right kind of knower' and reveals how personal experience and theoretical knowledge intersect to create disciplinary expertise. This study advances the LCT dimension of specialisation by illustrating the fluid, non-linear nature of knowledge acquisition and knower development. This study highlights the value of integrating personal experiences into nursing education, demonstrating how students use these to build knowledge and professional identity. The findings emphasise the dynamic knowledge development process in preparing future healthcare professionals. Integrating lived experiences and interprofessional education equips nurses to address complex health issues, leading to more effective, personalised care and better health outcomes for breastfeeding mothers and infants. This approach signals a transformative shift in nursing education. By personalising and contextualising learning, fostering reflective practice, deepening disciplinary knowledge, and promoting a collaborative practice environment, this approach enriches nursing education. The consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ). No patient or public contribution.

Addiction degree from Georgetown marries science and policy

Under the auspices of Regina LaBelle, an elite academic program conferring a Master of Science in Addiction Policy and Practice has now graduated three classes. LaBelle, who started the program at Georgetown University after leaving the White House Office of National Drug Control Policy in 2017, was responding to the need for a science‐based program. “Georgetown was looking for something to address a public need,” LaBelle told ADAW. “A lot of policy is based on stigma, or on someone's personal experience, and not on science.”

Pro's and con's of different blocks for postoperative analgesia after video-assisted thoracic surgery.

Although there are a lot of studies examining the effects of different blocks for postoperative analgesia after video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS), the results are controversial. Paravertebral block, serratus anterior plane block and erector spinae plane block appear to be effective and beneficial for post-VATS analgesia, but probably in different manners. All three blocks can be suggested for daily practice, the choice should be based on personal experience and preference of the anesthetist. Better studies are required for objective decision.

A Study on the Impact of Cultural Difference Awareness on Opportunity Recognition in Entrepreneurship Among International Students in China

Supporting the development of international students in China can help to promote economic growth and Chinese culture, as well as the consolidation of the “Belt and Road” construction process and international exchanges. This paper utilizes the rootedness theory to investigate the impact of cultural differences in cognition on the identification of entrepreneurial opportunities for international students from countries along the “Belt and Road” through field interviews with several international students from these countries. The study found that: (1) The level of cultural difference awareness directly and positively affects the identification and utilization of entrepreneurial opportunities by international students. (2) Communication effectiveness plays a mediating role in the process of cultural difference cognition on the identification of entrepreneurial opportunities by international students. (3) The external carriers of cultural difference awareness of international students in China include the Chinese dining table culture, trade habits, and social etiquette, and the internal factors are mainly in the personal cultural interaction, emotional experience, and adaptation to the Chinese culture. This study reveals the key role of cultural difference awareness in the identification of entrepreneurial opportunities for international students in China, which can help international students discover unique business opportunities through adapting to Chinese culture, and promote talent retention and economic development in China.

A Qualitative Analysis of Trialogues Between People with Lived Experience, Their Relatives, and Mental Health Professionals.

Trialogue meetings, aligned with the Recovery model in mental healthcare, foster the development of a shared language and mutual understanding among persons with lived experience, their relatives, and professionals. This study analysed the first mental health trialogue experience in Barcelona, involving six meetings with thirteen voluntary participants over three months. Using qualitative methods for data collection and reflexive thematic analysis, three main themes emerged: Recovery process, Interaction with mental health services, and Trialogue dynamics. Benefits included open dialogues in a safe space, learning from diverse perspectives, and sharing expertise. The meetings created an environment of empathy and respect while promoting open communication. This approach holds substantial potential for transforming mental healthcare systems, suggesting trialogues can be an effective tool for enhancing communication within community-based mental health initiatives. The findings provide a comprehensive picture of the trialogue process, highlighting its potential to foster mutual understanding among participants.