Personal Communication Systems Research Articles

RFID-based mobility for seamless personal communication system in cloud computing

The Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) was developed for making telephone calls using an Internet connection instead of a regular (or analog) phone line. However, traditional VoIP technologies have many disadvantages: user mobility is limited, and the need for Internet access makes it impossible to dial or receive data anytime from anywhere. Sensor technology has been integrated with VoIP to make mobility possible. However, maintaining communication quality while a VoIP account switches to the new IP address is difficult. Thus, this work proposes a Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)-based seamless personal communication system with cloud computing. The proposed system has two main technologies: RFID and Session Initiation Protocol (SIP). First, RFID senses and recognizes mobile devices carried by users. Finally, SIP establishes and maintains VoIP calling.

Reconfigurable Inverted Circular Patch Antenna for Wireless Applications

This paper presents a frequency reconfigurable inverted circular patch antenna with Uslot. The incorporation of U-slot in the circular patch provides a wide impedance bandwidth than conventional patch antenna. By introducing shorts at appropriate position on U-slot and on feed, antenna can be made resonant at two frequency bands (1.80GHz-1.98GHz) and (2.10GHz-2.68GHz) in two modes. The proposed antenna not only avoid the interference problem faced in fixed dual band antenna but at the same time provides a good gain of nearly 8 dB in both mode of operation. The prototype of optimized antenna is fabricated and experimental results are in close agreement with the simulated one. This antenna can be used for different wireless application like Personal Communication System (PCS) and Bluetooth/WLAN.

English

With the advancement of wireless communication systems and increasing importance of other wireless applications, wideband and low profile antennas are in great demand for both commercial and military applications. Multi-band and wideband antennas are desirable in personal communication systems, small satellite communication terminals, and other wireless applications. Recent efforts by several researchers around the world to combine fractal geometry with electromagnetic theory have led to a plethora of new and innovative antenna designs. This paper describes the theories and techniques for shrinking the size of an antenna through the use of fractals. Fractal antennas can obtain radiation pattern and input impedance similar to a longer antenna, yet take less area due to the many contours of the shape. Fractal antennas are a fairly new research area and are likely to have a promising future in many applications.

A compact asymmetric slot dual band antenna fed by CPW for PCS and UWB applications

A compact slot antenna with an overall dimension of 30 × 30 × 1.6 mm3 is proposed for dual band applications. The radiating element is a hexagonal shape patch which protrudes from a Co-Planar Waveguide (CPW) feed into a step shape slot. The slot is basically rectangular in shape and is extended by inserting rectangular cuts of different sizes on the ground plane around it. The ultrawide impedance bandwidth is achieved using asymmetric feed line along with extended rectangular cuts around the slot. For realizing the second band for personal communication system applications (near 1.9 GHz), a metallic stub of quarter wave length is attached at the top of the slot. The measured impedance bandwidth (for S11 < −10 dB) is 110 MHz (1.86–1.97 GHz) for the first band and 9 GHz (3.0–12.0 GHz) for the second band. The antenna is further characterized by omnidirectional radiation patterns in the H-plane, dumb-bell shape radiation patterns in the E-plane and a peak gain of 3–5 dBi over the ultrawideband. All the measured results are found to be in good agreement with the simulated results. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE 25:243–254, 2015.

Reliability of Telecommunications Systems Following a Major Disaster: Survey of Secondary and Tertiary Emergency Institutions in Miyagi Prefecture During the Acute Phase of the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake

Telecommunication systems are important for sharing information among health institutions to successfully provide medical response following disasters. The aim of this study was to clarify the problems associated with telecommunication systems in the acute phase of the Great East Japan Earthquake (March 11, 2011). All 72 of the secondary and tertiary emergency hospitals in Miyagi Prefecture were surveyed to evaluate the telecommunication systems in use during the 2011 Great Japan Earthquake, including satellite mobile phones, multi-channel access (MCA) wireless systems, mobile phones, Personal Handy-phone Systems (PHS), fixed-line phones, and the Internet. Hospitals were asked whether the telecommunication systems functioned correctly during the first four days after the earthquake, and, if not, to identify the cause of the malfunction. Each telecommunication system was considered to function correctly if the hospital staff could communicate at least once in every three calls. Valid responses were received from 53 hospitals (73.6%). Satellite mobile phones functioned correctly at the highest proportion of the equipped hospitals, 71.4%, even on Day 0. The MCA wireless system functioned correctly at the second highest proportion of the equipped hospitals. The systems functioned correctly at 72.0% on Day 0 and at 64.0% during Day 1 through Day 3. The main cause of malfunction of the MCA wireless systems was damage to the base station or communication lines (66.7%). Ordinary (personal or general communication systems) mobile phones did not function correctly at any hospital until Day 2, and PHS, fixed-line phones, and the Internet did not function correctly at any area hospitals that were severely damaged by the tsunami. Even in mildly damaged areas, these systems functioned correctly at <40% of the hospitals during the first three days. The main causes of malfunction were a lack of electricity (mobile phones, 25.6%; the Internet, 54.8%) and damage to the base stations or communication lines (the Internet, 38.1%; mobile phones, 56.4%). Results suggest that satellite mobile phones and MCA wireless systems are relatively reliable and ordinary systems are less reliable in the acute period of a major disaster. It is important to distribute reliable disaster communication equipment to hospitals and plan for situations in which hospital telecommunications systems do not function.

Novel Antennas for UHF RFID Tags: Design and Miniaturization

This article focuses of study the nature and characteristics of the antenna, The collective electrical signals acquired from RFID antennas require advanced techniques for feeding, gains and radiation patterns. After an introduction to RFID technology itself (principle and characteristics of different RFID tags), the article offers some examples of applications of this technology in everyday life or in the industry. In order to use radio frequency identification (RFID) antenna for wireless communication and real world applications military and personal communication systems, mobile phones, personal digital assistant (PDA), blue-tooth systems, wireless local area networks (WLAN), road tolling systems, animal traceability etc, studying the nature and characteristics of the antenna is an important use. A novel printed antenna is proposed for Radio Frequency Identification. The antenna has a much wider bandwidth than known printed antenna, mostly planar antennas. The antenna geometry is much smaller than a printed dipole antenna at the same frequency band. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v4i1.4751

Radiation Pattern of Patch Antenna with Slits

The Microstrip antenna has been commercially used in many applications, such as direct broadcast satellite service, mobile satellite communications, global positioning system, medical hyperthermia usage, etc. The patch antenna of the size reduction at a given operating frequency is obtained. Mobile personal communication systems and wireless computer networks are most commonly used nowadays and they are in need of antennas in different frequency bands. In regulate to without difficulty incorporate these antennas into individual systems, a micro strip scrap transmitter have been preferred and intended for a convinced divergence. There is also an analysis of radiation pattern, Gain of the antenna, Directivity of the antenna, Electric Far Field. The simulations results are obtained by using electromagnetic simulation software called feko software are presented and discussed

A simple penta‐band reconfigurable antenna for mobile device applications

ABSTRACTA simple reconfigurable antenna for mobile device applications is proposed in this letter. The proposed structure uses a conventional planar inverted‐F antenna as its basic geometry and a single PIN diode embedded in the middle of the shorting line. The proposed antenna has two resonances (f1 and f2). These resonances are easily controlled by electrically controlling the on/off state of the PIN diode. The measured results show that the basic resonance f1 covers the GSM850 (824–894 MHz) and GSM900 (880–960 MHz) bands in the lower band, and the harmonic resonance f2 includes digital communication system (1710–1880 MHz), personal communication system (1850–1990 MHz), and universal mobile telecommunications system (1920–2710 MHz) bands in the higher band. Therefore, the proposed antenna achieves penta‐band wireless wide area network operation. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:769–774, 2014

Bandwidth optimization of compact microstrip antenna for PCS/DCS/bluetooth application

AbstractA novel compact broadband microstrip patch antenna is presented for various wireless applications. The proposed antenna has been fabricated and the impedance bandwidth and radiation pattern are measured. The simulated and measured antenna characteristics along with radiation pattern and gain are presented. It is stated that the proposed designed antenna can completely cover the required band widths of Digital communication system (DCS 1.71–1.88 GHz), Personal communication system (PCS 1.85–1.88 GHz) and IEEE 802.11b/g (2.4–2.485 GHz) with satisfactory radiation characteristics. The Experimental result shows that the proposed antenna presents a bandwidth 60.25% covering the range of 1.431–2.665 GHz with the maximum radiation efficiency 90%.

Android Handset VoIP Echo Cancellation

In this study, the acoustic echo problem and cancellation method of Android-platform-based VoIP was analyzed and researched. The echo problem is consequential for Android phone-based VoIP applications. However, in the traditional 2G/3G circuit-switch (CS) mode, the acoustic echo is cancelled by the hardware chip, and the quality of communication is adequate. In the future 4G/LTE environment, all-IP packet communication will be achieved. The IMS/VoIP will become the main application for personal speech communication systems. Before the introduction of 4G with echo cancellation built into its chip, the Android-based VoIP on 3.5G/WiFi will continue to undergo the aforementioned acoustic echo problem. This paper presents an analysis of the acoustic echo on Android-based VoIP and proposes a simple echo cancellation method.

Special Issue on: Cooperative and Distributed Wireless Communications

Recent advances in radio technology as well as in hardware and software design have resulted in new possibilities for future mobile communication networks. Among those, cooperative communications among the peer nodes of a cellular network could create much anticipated improvement in coverage and capacity of the cellular systems. Such cooperation would generate a distributed network topology where the abundant processing power and storage capacity of the nodes can be shared for carrying out complex tasks. Distributed wireless communications would also enable mobile computing within the mobile cloud. In this context, the 23rd Annual Symposium on Personal Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC 2012) served as a major international telecommunication forum for researchers and technologists to discuss original contributions and results in all fields of personal, indoor and mobile communication systems, including those related to the above topic of cooperative and distributed wireless communications. This special issue is based upon a selection of a very limited number of papers presented at IEEE PIMRC2012. Authors of the top 15 papers from the symposium were invited to submit an extended version of their papers to this special issue. Among those, we are happy to present you with four papers that have been accepted after a rigorous peer review process. The first paper, New Diversity Combining Receivers for Cooperative Multiplexing in Wireless Multiuser Relay Networks, by Chang Kyung Sung, Iain B. Collings, Maged Elkashlan, and Phee Lep Yeoh, proposes two new diversity combining receivers that support cooperative multiplexing in two-hop wireless multiuser relay networks. Cooperative multiplexing has the potential to double the achievable throughput by allowing the base station (BS) and the relay station (RS) to transmit to different users at the same time in the second time slot of the half time division duplexed (TDD) relay transmission. This throughput improvement comes at a cost of performance degradation due to interuser interference between the BS and the RS. To overcome this degradation, two new receivers for the relay-link users are proposed: (1) cooperative multiplexing optimum combining (CMOC) and (2) cooperative multiplexing selection combining (CMSC). Exact closed-form expressions are derived for the moment generation function, probability density function, and the cumulative distribution function of the output SINR, and new analytical expressions for the outage probability, symbol error rate, and achievable throughput are presented. The authors show that the symbol error rate performance and achievable throughput were notably improved relative to the standard single-channel receiver in the high interference regime. The second paper, Improving Cooperative Transmission Feasibility by Network Reconfiguration in Limited Backhaul Networks, by Martin Draxler, Thorsten Biermann, and Holger Karl, develops a mixed integer linear program (MILP) and a BS selection heuristic for Coordinated MultiPoint (CoMP) that takes into account both aspects of the wireless channels and the backhaul network status. This heuristic can also identify which bottlenecks in the A. Jamalipour (&) University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia e-mail: a.jamalipour@ieee.org

Analysis and optimisation of link‐layer protocol in Gb/s infrared links

A combined analytical and simulation framework is presented for study of the link-layer protocol that is currently used to control the operation of Gb/s infrared links in optical-wireless-based personal communication systems. The analytical and simulation methods are utilised to evaluate protocol efficiency and demonstrate that protocol performance is strongly affected by physical layer parameters including the bit-error-rate and the link turnaround time. The networking parameters, such as the protocol window and frame size, that optimise the protocol operation against any given physical layer arrangement are also determined.

Small Internal Antenna Using Multiband, Wideband, and High-Isolation MIMO Techniques

In this paper, a small internal antenna for a mobile handset is presented using multiband, wideband, and high-isolation multiple-input multiple-output techniques. The proposed antenna consists of three planar inverted-F antennas (PIFAs) that operate in the global system for mobile communication (GSM900), the digital communication system (DCS), the personal communication system (PCS), the universal mobile telecommunication system (UMTS), and wireless local area network (WLAN) bands with a physical size of 40 mm × 10 mm × 10 mm. A resonator attached to the folded PIFA creates dual resonances, achieving a wide bandwidth of approximately 460 MHz, covering the DCS, PCS, and UMTS bands; a meander shorting line is used to improve impedance matching. Additionally, a modified neutralization link is embedded between diversity antennas to enhance isolation, which results in a 6-dB improvement in the isolation and less than 0.1 in the envelope correlation coefficient evaluated from the far-field radiation patterns. Simulation and measurements demonstrate very similar results for S-parameters and radiation patterns. Peak gains show 3.73 dBi, 3.77 dBi, 3.28 dBi, 2.15 dBi, and 5.86 dBi, and antenna efficiencies show 56.15%, 72.15%, 68.59%, 52.92%, and 82.93% for GSM900, DCS, PCS, UMTS, and WLAN bands, respectively.

DESIGN ULTRA-WIDE BANDWIDTH MONOPOLE ANTENNA FOR DVB-T AND WIRELESS APPLICATIONS

A novel shape of printed monopole antenna with a combination of Minkowski gasket and Koch fractal technique is presented in this paper. The ultra-wide bandwidth (UWB) antenna is composed of a modifled ground plane with two independent elements as cross and Egyptian arc shapes to improve the antenna bandwidth. PIN diode is used to connect or disconnect the circular arc between two bands to switch frequencies from 500 to 2500MHz and from 4 to 10GHz. This implemented antenna efiectively support personal communication system (PCS 1.85{1.99)GHz, universal mobile telecommunication system (UMTS 1.92{2.17)GHz, wireless local area network (WLAN), which usually operate in the 2.4GHz (2.4{ 2.484GHz) and 5.2/5.8 GHz (5.15{5.35GHz/5.725{5.825GHz) bands, mobile worldwide interoperability for microwave access and WiMAX, which operate in the range from 2.305 to 2.360GHz, from 2.5 to 2.69GHz and from 5.25 to 5.85GHz bands. The properties of the antenna as re∞ection coe-cient, e-ciency, radiation patterns and gain are simulated and approved by the experimental results.

Personal satellite communication: technologies and challenges

Communication regulatory bodies in many parts of the world have recently granted satellite operators the right to extend their networks by adding ground segments. This has opened the door, for the first time, to truly ubiquitous satellite coverage, thus revolutionizing the use of satellites in personal communications. In this article, we review personal satellite communication systems. Background on the evolution of satellite communications is given along with the basics of satellite systems. This is followed by a comprehensive discussion of the current challenges facing the future of personal satellite communication systems and some of the proposed solutions.

Transparent optimistic synchronization in the high-level architecture via time-management conversion

Distributed simulation allows the treatment of large/complex models by having several interacting simulators running concurrently, each one in charge of a portion of the model. In order to effectively manage integration and interoperability aspects, the standard known as High Level Architecture (HLA) has been developed, which is based on a middleware component known as Run-Time-Infrastructure (RTI). One of the main issues faced by such a standard is synchronization, so that HLA supports both conservative and optimistic approaches. However, technical issues, combined with some peculiarities of the optimistic approach, force most simulators to use the conservative approach. In order to tackle these issues, we present the design and implementation of a Time Management Converter (TiMaC) for HLA based simulation systems. TiMaC is a state machine designed to be transparently interposed between the application layer and the underlying RTI, which performs mapping of the conservative HLA synchronization interface onto the optimistic one. Such a mapping allows transparent optimistic execution (and the related benefits) for simulators originally designed to rely on conservative synchronization. This is achieved without the need to modify the RTI services or alter the HLA standard. An experimental evaluation demonstrating the viability and effectiveness of our proposal is also reported, by integrating our TiMaC implementation with the Georgia Tech B-RTI package and running on it both (A) benchmarks relying on traces from simulated demonstration exercises collected using the Joint Semi-Automated Forces (JSAF) simulation program and (B) a self-federated Personal Communication System simulation application.

Analisis Propagasi Gelombang Radio Menggunakan DLink 624 pada Jurusan Teknik Elektro Universitas Syiah Kuala

Telecommunication technology nowadays tries to implement Personal Communication System (PCS) which has Personal Mobility (PM) and Terminal Mobility (TM). PCS can be define as radio technology that uses Radio Frequency (RF) as a transmission medium, which is small and light, and can be implemented indoor and outdoor. One equipment that implements this technology is called D-Link. The application of D-Link is to communicate among users either indoor or outdoor. Research methodology includes deciding the parameters and calculating the path loss between base station and portable station at the second floor of Electrical Engineering Department Syiah Kuala University. The final result was that the communication between the base station and portable station in the rooms at the second floor could exist but the process is rather slow and can experience discontinuity. Those were happen because the receiver’s power was below the threshold of the portable station level, i.e.. -40 dB.

A multiband film type inverted F-antenna for GSM, DCS, PCS, USPCS, and WCDMA bands

A novel and simple design of a film type inverted F-antenna for global system for mobile (GSM), digital cellular system (DCS), personal communication system (PCS), US personal communication system (USPCS), and wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) bands is proposed. The obtained impedance bandwidths reached 87 (880–967) MHz and 451 (1710–2162) MHz in the GSM, DCS, PCS, USPCS, and WCDMA bands. For multiband operation, a modified meander line structure with L-shaped short pin was used. The measured peak antenna gains for the operating frequencies were 3.18–4.24 dBi. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:2757–2762, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27195

A review of communication-oriented optical wireless systems

Abstract This article presents an overview of optical wireless (OW) communication systems that operate both in the short- (personal and indoor systems) and the long-range (outdoor and hybrid) regimes. Each of these areas is discussed in terms of (a) key requirements, (b) their application framework, (c) major impairments and applicable mitigation techniques, and (d) current and/or future trends. Personal communication systems are discussed within the context of point-to-point ultra-high speed data transfer. The most relevant application framework and related standards are presented, including the next generation Giga-IR standard that extends personal communication speeds to over 1 Gb/s. As far as indoor systems are concerned, emphasis is given on modeling the dispersive nature of indoor OW channels, on the limitations that dispersion imposes on user mobility and dispersion mitigation techniques. Visible light communication systems, which provide both illumination and communication over visible or hybrid visible/infrared LEDs, are presented as the most important representative of future indoor OW systems. The discussion on outdoor systems focuses on the impact of atmospheric effects on the optical channel and associated mitigation techniques that extend the realizable link lengths and transfer rates. Currently, outdoor OW is commercially available at 10 Gb/s Ethernet speeds for Metro networks and Local-Area-Network interconnections and speeds are expected to increase as faster and more reliable optical components become available. This article concludes with hybrid optical wireless/radio-frequency (OW/RF) systems that employ an additional RF link to improve the overall system reliability. Emphasis is given on cooperation techniques between the reliable RF subsystem and the broadband OW system.

Analysis the Performance of Transceiver Circuits for Pulse Based Ultra Wideband

Ultra-wideband is a technology that can be use at very low energy levels for short-range high bandwidth communications by using a large portion of the radio spectrum. In this paper we is specifically focused on the performance of software radio transceiver design for impulse-based UWB with the ability to transmit a raw data rate of 100 Mbps yet encompasses the adaptability of a reconfigurable digital receiver. To complete the analysis we introduce a transmitter and receiver of pulse based ultra wideband modulation. Direct sequence spread spectrum has become the modulation method of choice for wireless local area networks, and personal communication systems, because it's numerous advantages such as jammer suppression, code division multiple access, and ease of implementation. Again spread spectrum techniques are most favourable for indoor communication needs and digital radio links, where most of the applications are found. We also observe its characteristics and complete the modulation techniques. Finally we examine UWB communication systems paying particular attention to transmitter and receiver design. Index Terms—Code division multiple access (CDMA). direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS), personal communication systems (PCS), ultra-wideband (UWB), wireless local area networks (WLAN's).