Personal Characteristics Of People Research Articles

CRISIS AND CONFLICT SITUATIONS THAT ARISE DURING STUDENTS' STUDIES. METHODS OF STRUGGLE AND THEIR SOLUTIONS

Nowadays, each person can face different views, beliefs and interests of the people around him. Such clashes, caused by personal characteristics of people, their interaction with others, subjective and objective factors, can lead to conflict situations. Interpersonal conflicts are an integral part of student life, which can lead to negative consequences. Interpersonal conflicts are conflicts between people in the process of their psychological and social interaction. For many, the word "conflict" is usually negative. Most people believe that conflict is something that must be avoided. But if you take a more thoughtful approach to this phenomenon, you can come to the conclusion that conflict is not only inevitable, but also necessary, since the search for a favorable and positive outcome requires intellectual efforts that are associated with the analysis of the reasons for its occurrence, its causes, as well as ways to resolve and overcome the contradictions that have developed between people. Interest in this issue is due to the fact that interpersonal conflicts in higher education institutions can be the cause of deterioration in students' well-being, the formation of a feeling of dissatisfaction with educational activities and can also negatively affect academic performance and the effectiveness of training in a future profession. The problems of interpersonal conflicts in higher education institutions require special attention from both researchers and teachers, which determined the relevance of studying this problem in the study.

ORGANIZATION OF SCIENTIFIC AND PEDAGOGICAL RESEARCH, ITS CONTENT AND METHODOLOGY

This article explores pedagogical control on the problem of organizing scientific and pedagogical research-ways to conduct mass and partial control with the study of cognitive methods for a long and planned study of a particular phenomenon. The method of mass control is carried out in the classroom through the cognitive activity of students, students' attention, the activities of children. The method of partial control is the work of some students with books, maps, and behavior control. The information was supplemented having an analysis associated with the information acquired through the special plan which clearly outlined the main and indirect issues, as well as discussions and interviews. To determine pedagogical phenomena, conversations with teachers, homeroom teachers, school leaders, parents and personal characteristics of people were taken into account. Written, observational and graphic works of students, drawings, notebooks, reports and papers written on various topics, as well as products completed by them in working classes, equip the researcher with the necessary information. Independent abilities of students, their attitude to study and work, their practical training, the actions of teachers can be determined. Effective ways of combining the independent work of students with mass and independent work and the use of such didactic tasks are in the investigation process. Phenomena occurring in society are characterized by stochastic, probabilistic connections, therefore pedagogical processes also relate to social and social phenomena. The study of these random, stochastic phenomena and finding a functional relationship of causal phenomena is the purpose of the article. Only by solving this problem can scientific innovation be achieved. The science news should have statistics.

ФІНАНСОВА ПОВЕДІНКА ДОМОГОСПОДАРСТВ УКОНТЕКСТІ РОЗВИТКУ ПОВЕДІНКОВИХ ФІНАНСІВ

The theory of financial behavior of the population has become very popular in recent years and set a new trend in financial science that explores why individuals make irrational financial decisions and how their psychology, namely stereotypical thinking, emotions, cognitive biases, and personal char-acteristics affect personal financial resources.Irrational behavior is especially pronounced in situations of uncertainty and risk, which are cur-rently affecting all domestic economic, investment, and financial activities due to the full-scale war.Studying the financial behavior of households, including in times of war, is a topical issue of financial science, as it helps to understand how rising risks affect the financial stability of the population, how house-holds adapt to new economic challenges, and how to improve their financial situation in times of crisis. The purpose of the article is to study the financial behavior of households in the context of the development of the theory of behavioral finance and the influence of emotional, psychological, social and cognitive factors on it.The article discusses the peculiarities of financial behavior of households in the context of the development of behavioral finance in the face of risk and uncertainty. The concept of personal financial behavior is clarified and approaches to defining its essence are generalized. The influence of emotions and personal characteristics of people, such as financial literacy, optimism, risk-taking, self-control on their likely behavior in the financial sphere is investigated. A number of cognitive biases and psycho-logical factors affecting the financial behavior of individuals in the face of risks are identified and the influence of social factors on it is analyzed. It is proved that the knowledge and competencies of a fi-nancially literate person increase the likelihood of making rational financial decisions and minimize the influence of psychological, social and other factors

Cognitive and Personality Traits of Social Media Users With Eating Disorders

This work aims to study the personality and cognitive characteristics of social media users with eating disorders. The work involved 209 people (84 women with anorexia nervosa, 82 women with bulimia nervosa, a control group of 43 healthy women). The Eating Behavior Rating Scale (EBRS), Cognitive-behavioral Patterns in Eating Disorders Questionnaire, 16-factor Personality Questionnaire, and the Dysfunctional Relations Scale (DRS) were used to assess cognitive and personal characteristics of people with eating disorders. It was found in the work that emotional instability, anxiety, and suspicion are characteristic personality traits for persons with eating disorders. It has been found that individuals with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa have different cognitive characteristics. The cognitive characteristics of individuals with eating disorders are correlated with their personality traits.

Prezydenci Republiki Włoskiej w latach 1992–2022. Dynamika zmian

The purpose of this article was to present the functioning of the office of the president in the Italian Republic in terms of personnel in the years 1992-2022, explaining the dynamics of changes in this period. In order to do this, the author formulated the main hypothesis assuming that the dynamics of changes in the office of the president was stimulated by the personal characteristics of people in this office, and not by significant systemic changes within the political system. In order to verify, research questions were established relating to the political past of the presidents, their personal characteristics and the evolution of the office over the years. In order to answer these questions and verify the hypothesis, research methods adequate to the analysis of the past and systemic inference were used, these were the following methods: historical and comparative. Thanks to this, it was presented that this dynamics of changes was shaped by the personal decisions of successive presidents. In the absence of any significant political changes, the image of the head of state was stimulated by the personal characteristics of the people in this office.

Personal Characteristics of People with Hypertension

The subject of the study is the personal characteristics of people with hypertension. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that many diseases, and hypertension in particular, are based on psychological reasons, namely, a person's tendency to react painfully and emotionally to various stressful situations that arise in his life, which is largely determined by his personal characteristics. The study was conducted on the basis of the cardiology department of the City Clinical Hospital No. 1 in Bratsk, Irkutsk region. The study involved 74 respondents: 38 patients with mild hypertension and 36 patients with severe hypertension. Among patients with mild hypertension - 24 women and 14 men. Among the patients with severe course of the disease – 30 women and 6 men. All subjects aged 55 to 60 years. According to the results of the study, in the group of subjects with mild stage of hypertension and with severe stage of hypertension, the level of neuropsychiatric stability is average. Neuropsychiatric breakdowns are unlikely for participants of both groups. In both groups, there is an average level of neuroticism with a tendency to a high level in the group with a mild degree of hypertension. In both groups, there is an average level of psychopathization. In both groups of subjects, the level of anxiety is expressed at an average level. This means that respondents are predisposed to perceive a wide range of situations as threatening their self-esteem, prestige, self-esteem or vital activity. In order to study the reliability of differences between samples, a nonparametric method of comparing independent samples was used, the Mann-Whitney U-test. However, there were no significant differences in the results of the study of the groups.

Uncovering the perception regarding wildfires of residents with different characteristics

Wildfires are a major environmental hazard in Portugal and cause deep social and economic disruption, demanding urgent actions for risk mitigation and people's protection. We aimed to understand if the personal characteristics of people, such as age, gender or education level, influenced their knowledge and perception regarding specific topics related to wildfires: i) wildfire risk; ii) spot fires and the Wildland Urban Interface (WUI); iii) self-protection possibilities; iv) community involvement and v) knowledge on legal instruments and plans from government agencies, in order to identify potential mitigation and prevention actions more suited to their experience and needs. Starting with the residents of two small villages recently affected by wildfires, and then extended to other areas in the mainland, we used responses to 282 survey questionnaires to discover people's perception on the different topics. Younger and more educated people feel confident with their knowledge on how to act in high fire danger situations. People with jobs related to forest industries mentioned having the ability to defend themselves and property. Most people found it difficult to provide a clear definition of wildfire risk and they did not know what WUI is, indicating that these concepts are not sufficiently understood amongst the civil society. Most people said they do not know about legal measures or plans that could mitigate wildfire risk, although these are commonly based on intervention at community level and individual household responsibility. Wildfire risk management strategies must address the challenges linked to the need to tailor communication to people's conditions, educating at-risk communities in order to enhance the connection between citizens and community wildfire safety policies.

THE STATE OF THE WORLD ECONOMY AS A THREAT TO RUSSIA’S SECURITY: PUBLIC ESTIMATES AND INFLUENCING FACTORS

This article is aimed at determining the significance of the state of the world economy as a threat to national security for the public of the Russia, as well as the formalization of the factors determining this. The study is based on a sociological approach and assumes primary attention to society, not the state, and cognitive factors. Using the methods of applied statistics, the data of the international sociological survey held in February-May 2017 in 38 countries were analyzed. The reports and statistical bases of the World Economic Forum, the World Bank, the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe and the Central Intelligence Agency were also analyzed. The study showed a plurality of factors that determine the assessment of threats to national security: both the personal characteristics of people and the characteristics of the development of their countries. From all of the countries reviewed, evaluations of Russians to the greatest extent correspond to the estimates of residents of Israel. The multiple regression equation was constructed, it allows to calculate the current and forecast public assessment of the state of the world economy as a threat for the country's security. The results can be used for further studies of security discourse and threat perception. Also, knowledge of the factors that determine the threat assessment will help to choose the tools and measures that will create both objective and subjective security (its feeling).

Styles of Vital Activity Regulation in accordance with the Temporal Perspective Balance

The paper deals with the relationship between the characteristics of individual time perspective and the processes of self-regulation that affect the quality of life. The research features personal characteristics of people engaged in entrepreneurial activities. The author has conducted a comparative analysis of time perspective balance in relation to the styles of self-regulation in three groups: successful entrepreneurs, individuals who refuse to engage in entrepreneurial activities for various reasons, and individuals who keep failing to organize their own business. The obtained results have revealed that a balanced time perspective in combination with regulatory modeling and evaluation processes is necessary for successful business activity. If time perspective is unbalanced, it does not allow the individual to use their positive potential to the full, even if life regulation processes are well-developed.

Risk factors associated with challenging behaviour in people with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities.

Several factors that correlate with the onset or continuation of challenging behaviour are mentioned in research. These are factors related to persons with ID, but also to direct support professionals and the context. Although many of these factors seem to affect the onset or continuation of challenging behaviour in people with ID in general, results are often inconclusive and have little focus on people with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities (PIMD). The present study aimed to assess the extent to which known factors related to challenging behaviour are also applicable to a group of 198 people with PIMD. To determine which factors were associated with challenging behaviour, univariate analyses on associations between known risk factors and challenging behaviour were conducted. The associated factors were then subject to a regression analysis to determine the extent to which they explain the prevalence of challenging behaviour and can thus be seen as factors associated with challenging behaviour. The results show that, in particular, factors concerning the personal characteristics of people with PIMD, such as sleeping problems and auditory problems, were related to the variance in mean frequency of challenging behaviour. Only one factor related to the direct support professionals was found: when these professionals had been offered training on the subject of challenging behaviour in people with intellectual disabilities in general, they identified significantly more withdrawn behaviour. We found no contextual factors related to challenging behaviour. These findings are generally consistent with findings reported in other studies, especially concerning the personal characteristics of people with PIMD. Further research should focus on the effects of providing safe auditory environments and appropriate sleep schedules for people with PIMD on the occurrence of challenging behaviour.

Correlates of Physical Activity Among People With Disabilities in South Korea: A Multilevel Modeling Approach.

The purpose of this study was to examine the correlates of physical activity (PA) with personal and environmental factors among people with disabilities in South Korea. Data from the 2011 National Survey for Physical Activity and Exercise for the Disabled, conducted by Korea Sports Association for the Disabled, was used (n = 1478). The personal characteristics (age, gender, occupation, types of disabilities, family income) and the numbers of public PA-related facilities (welfare center, public indoor gym, and public outdoor facilities) and social sports/exercise clubs for people with disabilities across 16 local areas were also obtained. Hierarchical generalized linear model was used to examine subjectively measured PA in relation to personal and environmental factors. The likelihood of engaging in PA was significantly lower for women with disabilities. People with hearing and intellectual disabilities were less likely to engage in PA compared with those with physical disabilities. The availability of sports/exercise clubs for people with disabilities was the only environmental factor that was significantly associated with PA. These findings suggest the need of systematic intervention strategies based upon personal characteristics of people with disabilities. Further public efforts to promote sports/exercise club activities should be encouraged in this population.

New meanings and measures of accessibility in the age of information and communication technologies

The use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) is changing every aspect of human life. People have access to opportunities like jobs, shopping, public and private offices, etc., in virtual space (the space of flows), without facing the friction of distance in physical space (the space of places), which means that there is now a hybrid space. Changes in the way the activities are being conducted in this hybrid space have the biggest impact on the areas of transportation and communication, where the space of places may be substituted, modified, enhanced or result in higher traffic by the space of flows, where physical distance are reduced to nothing. In the past, physical distance was the measure of accessibility, but distance is now taking on a different meaning, resulting in a change in accessibility. In order to measure accessibility in the emerging hybrid space, we need to take the personal characteristics of people and the nature of the opportunities they are seeking into account more than ever before. By doing so, a model to measure accessibility in this hybrid space is developed which suggests that ICTs will enhance the accessibility of people to their opportunities.