Personalized Search Research Articles

Incorporating Non-Genetic Evidence in Large Scale Missing Person Searches: A General Approach Beyond Filtering

Incorporating Non-Genetic Evidence in Large Scale Missing Person Searches: A General Approach Beyond Filtering

Refined Knowledge Transfer for Language-Based Person Search

This paper proposes a novel method, named Refined Knowledge Transfer (RKT), for language-based person search. Existing state-of-the-art methods do not deal with knowledge imbalance between image and text. In detail, textual identity knowledge is limited, but the image contains more identity knowledge. We propose Cross-Modal Knowledge Transfer (CMKT) to enhance textual identity knowledge by image to address this problem. Besides, multiple texts of one image include more identity knowledge than a single text. Thus, we propose Intra-Modal Knowledge Transfer (IMKT) to enhance textual identity knowledge by other texts. These two types of knowledge transfer will enhance the identity knowledge in text. Additionally, by considering that identity-irrelevant knowledge is transferred to text, we propose Knowledge Refiner (KR) to refine the knowledge in text. KR is capable of preserving identity knowledge and discarding identity-irrelevant knowledge. By combining CMKT, IMKT, and KR, RKT makes textual identity knowledge more salient. Extensive experiments show the state-of-the-art performance of RKT on the CUHK-PEDES and our proposed PRWPEDES-CN datasets. In addition, the decent generalization ability of RKT is also validated on the Flickr30K, CUB, and Flowers datasets.

The Body Recovery From Water Study: The application of science to missing person search

Abstract Missing person behaviour datasets indicate that a significant proportion of those reported missing are subsequently found deceased in water. Despite this, information about how human bodies move in an aquatic environment is limited. Created by a serving police officer and police search advisor, this study involved the collection and analysis of quantitative and qualitative data relating to deceased human bodies found in inland water. The analysis of this data was further enhanced by experimentation. The research aimed to identify factors that might affect body movement in water and to establish if these variables could determine search parameters more effectively and increase the chances of successful search operations and associated investigations. In this manuscript, the search and investigation approach is introduced and the key findings and implications of the application of natural sciences for police practice are discussed.

Система персонального поиска людей при пожарах и чрезвычайных ситуациях

PURPOSE. The article deals with the issues of justifying possibility for using personal mobile device to search for people by Wi-Fi signal emission power. In case of fire individuals from technical staff at the facility under protection may not notice or hear the warning about fire and evacuation start. Having lost time to evacuate people may be cut off from main escape routes and become fire hazardous factors’ victims. METHODS. Using statistical model (ITU-R 1238) for calculations inside buildings and premises and data on routers location and placement order, an experiment has been conducted to locate a person when his mobile phone emits only residual signal power at this person’s specific location. FINDINGS. To simulate search for people and calculate matrix of signal power loss indoors and matrix of signal power levels at receiver input MatLab R2018 system has been used. Using two-way radio channel (based on Wi-Fi wireless network) is mandatory for system functioning to search for people in buildings, which allows not only identifying a person but also determining his exact location. It should be taken into account that dividing the room into cubes with dimensions 0.5×0.5×0.5 m makes it possible to determine person’s position in a particular place – lying or standing. RESEARCH APPLICATION FIELD. It is advisable to include study results in research and development work of EMERCOM of Russia research organizations and other ministries and departments involved in fire safety systems creation for critical protected facilities. CONCLUSIONS. Using the system for personal search during fires and emergencies will make it possible to locate people carrying mobile devices in real time and evacuate them to a safe zone when required.

A Multirobot Person Search System for Finding Multiple Dynamic Users in Human-Centered Environments.

Multirobot coordination for finding multiple users in an environment can be used in numerous robotic applications, including search and rescue, surveillance/monitoring, and activities of daily living assistance. Existing approaches have limited coordination between robots when generating team plans or do not consider user location probability within these plans. This results in long searches and robots potentially revisiting the same locations in succession. In this article, we present a novel multirobot person search system to generate search plans for multirobot teams to find multiple dynamic users before a deadline. Our approach is unique in that it simultaneously considers the search actions of all robots and user location probabilities when generating team plans, where user location probabilities are represented as conditional spatial-temporal probability density functions. We model this multirobot person search problem as a two-stage optimization problem to maximize the expected number of users found before the deadline. Stage 1 solves the action selection problem to determine a set of team actions, and the second stage solves the action allocation problem to distribute these actions amongst the robots. Namely, in stage 1, a novel conditional multiperiod multiknapsack problem is modeled as a min-flow graph solved sequentially by the Bellman-Ford shortest path algorithm. Stage 2 is a variant of the min-max multitraveling salesperson problem which models the environment topology as a search region network and search times selected by the previous stage. This stage is solved by a novel fuzzy clustering method. Numerous experiments comparing our proposed method to other existing approaches with varying environment sizes, search durations, and the number of users showed that our approach was able to find more target users before a defined deadline.

Asymmetric Cross-Scale Alignment for Text-Based Person Search

Text-based person search (TBPS) is of significant importance in intelligent surveillance, which aims to retrieve pedestrian images with high semantic relevance to a given text description. This retrieval task is characterized with both modal heterogeneity and fine-grained matching. To implement this task, one needs to extract multi-scale features from both image and text domains, and then perform the cross-modal alignment. However, most existing approaches only consider the alignment confined at their individual scales, e.g., an image-sentence or a region-phrase scale. Such a strategy adopts the presumable alignment in feature extraction, while overlooking the cross-scale alignment, e.g., image-phrase. In this paper, we present a transformer-based model to extract multi-scale representations, and perform Asymmetric Cross-Scale Alignment (ACSA) to precisely align the two modalities. Specifically, ACSA consists of a global-level alignment module and an asymmetric cross-attention module, where the former aligns an image and texts on a global scale, and the latter applies the cross-attention mechanism to dynamically align the cross-modal entities in region/image-phrase scales. Extensive experiments on two benchmark datasets CUHK-PEDES and RSTPReid demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach. Codes are available at <uri xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">https://github.com/mul-hjh/ACSA</uri> .

Health literacy and digital health information-seeking behavior – a cross-sectional study among highly educated Swedes

BackgroundThe benefits of digital development in health care may be obscured by unequal opportunities to make use of digital resources. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of health literacy with I) accessing health check test results in the Patient Electronic Health Record (PAEHR), II) searching for information to better understand individual test results, and III) using the national health information online portal provided by the Swedish national health care system.MethodsThis cross-sectional study included data from 434 individuals, 50–64 years old, randomly selected from the Swedish population during the year 2017 to a cohort study including health examination and a web-based survey. Health literacy was assessed at baseline using the Swedish Communicative and Critical Health Literacy scale. Digital information outcomes were assessed after three months. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the separate outcomes were computed using logistic regression. Covariates included sex, age, education, country of birth, cardiovascular risk factors at baseline, general health, risk perception, referral, and new cardiovascular risk factors detected at health examination.ResultsAbout a third of the participants (35%) had limited health literacy, while 65% had sufficient health literacy. Sufficient health literacy was associated with accessing the PAEHR (adjusted OR 1.81 95% CI 1.07–3.06) and use of the online national health information portal provided by the Swedish national health care system (adjusted OR 2.91 95% CI 1.13–7.52) but not with searching information to better understand individual test results (adjusted OR 1.29 0.75–2.20).ConclusionsIndividuals with limited health literacy do not access their personal health information nor search for health information on the online national health information portal provided by the Swedish national health care system to the same extent as individuals with sufficient health literacy. More research is needed about how the level of health literacy relates to differences in online health information-seeking behavior and how digital health information sources and e-health services can be designed to ensure that the entire population has equal access to trustworthy and quality-ensured health information.

REPRESENTATION OF ELASTIC LANGUAGE IN THE PERFORMATIVE THEATER: THE ACTOR 'S DISCOURSE

The concept of performative theater has recently become increasingly important in the research of cultural and social characters. Conventionally, modern stage performance is considered as a representation of reality, in which one of the fundamental ways of expression is a elastic language with a living presence and a real gesture. The body, physicality and elastic language of a drama theater performer participate in the creation and representation of elastic artistic texts. The author studies the nature and role of the actor's individual physicality, its influence on the artistic context of the performance. The question of co-authorship of an actor and a director in the creation of artistic texts in a special elastic way is actualized. Through the prism of the intertexuality of the performance, the techniques of representation of the actor's elastic language are analyzed, where his personal and artistic intertwine together. The issues of representation of elastic language in the structure of dramatic representation in the discourse of actor's existence are of great importance not only for cultural studies, but also for practical experiments in performative theater. A comparative analysis of the use of elastic language in the performances of the directors of the drama theater of the XX-XXI century helps to track the process of shifting the focus from the director to the actor as a thinker of allegories. In the context of performative theater, the method of representation of elastic language plays an important role, since it actualizes the issue of the actor's personal search in creating specific ways of expressing the body as a process of organizing a special artistic text.

Development and implementation of forensic anthropology in Swedish forensic practice

Abstract This paper presents the ongoing development of forensic anthropology in Sweden. We discuss the background of the discipline, its application, as well as its current and potential development in Swedish forensic practice. Collaboration with osteoarchaeologists in skeletal forensic cases has a long tradition in Sweden. Analyses of skeletal remains are performed ad-hoc, in contrast to analyses of fleshed human remains. While several law enforcement employees are educated in forensic anthropology and/or osteoarchaeology, they are not employed in these fields, and regional variations are evident. Internationally, forensic anthropology has become an autonomous forensic discipline over the past decades, requiring skills beyond mere skeletal analysis. To keep on a par with international standards, it may be time to revisit the concept of forensic anthropology in Sweden. Despite the limited presence of supporting organisational structures and systems, forensic anthropological and hard-tissue-reliant physico-chemical analyses have proven valuable in Swedish forensic practice, especially in cases of personal identification, trauma analysis and search efforts. We argue that Sweden could benefit from making qualified forensic anthropology expertise available in all law enforcement regions, starting to implement and promote forensic anthropology in routine forensic casework and formalising the role of forensic anthropology practitioners.

Politics and Poetics

Politics and Poetics

Use of specific forms of international cooperation in special criminal proceedings

The purpose of the article is to analyze the peculiarities of the use of certain forms of international cooperation in special criminal proceedings. The subject of the article is international cooperation. Methodology. Taking into account the specifics of the topic, the purpose and tasks of the research, the following methods were used: dialectical, historical and legal, dogmatic, comparative and legal, formal and logical, systematic, consolidation. Research results. On the basis of the analysis of the criminal procedural legislation of Ukraine, special literature and foreign information sources, the main forms of international cooperation in special criminal proceedings are defined and revealed, domestic and foreign experience in relation to the essence and features of the mentioned issues is systematized. Practical meaning. The necessary conditions have been defined, the implementation of which will ensure the effective functioning of the institute of special criminal proceedings in terms of cooperation with international organizations that perform law enforcement functions and law enforcement agencies of foreign countries. Value/originality. It has been proven that the regulatory and legal provision of the international search for persons, which was reflected mainly in the form of secondary regulatory and legal acts of Ukraine, needs significant improvement.

From a “Disciplined Intelligence” to a “Culture of Care”: Shifting Understandings of Emotions and Citizenship in Twentieth-Century Educational Discourses

Attention to children’s emotional development in Canadian schools is often presented as a very recent concern. In fact, competing conceptions of students’ emotional well-being informed educational discourses throughout the twentieth century. This article examines educators’ changing ideals regarding good citizenship, particularly the affective attributes or expressions attached to those ideals, and argues that educational discourse has shifted from an emphasis on creating citizens with a “disciplined intelligence” to promoting a “culture of care.” The first half of the twentieth century witnessed the melding of a nineteenth-century Anglo-Christian moral imperative with a more modern emphasis on the search for personality. While this thrust lingered well into the century, educators increasingly embraced a culture of rights alongside evolving ideas about personality development from the 1950s to the 1980s. In the process, they prioritized self-expression or “self-actualization.” Beginning in the 1980s, educators transformed loose edicts about students’ personal fulfillment into more concrete pursuits of engaged pedagogy, active citizenship, and, increasingly, a “culture of care” within the classroom. In tracing these shifting emphases, this article highlights the need for critical analysis of the affective dimensions of education to better understand both the historic and current role of schools in shaping citizens.

End-to-end feature diversity person search with rank constraint of cross-class matrix

Person search aims to locate and identify specific persons from a series of uncropped images, which has achieved a significant impact on many human-related applications, e.g., person activity understanding and person tracking. Person search includes two sub-tasks: person detection and person re-identification. Person detection focuses on finding the commonality of all identities, while person re-identification focuses on finding the differences among different identities. To mitigate the impact of the different purposes of these two sub-tasks on a person search model, we split the ResNet50 network according to the sub-task, and propose a feature diversity person search (FDPS) framework based on the rank constraint of the cross-class matrix. We first construct a model called the split-baseline (S-bsl), and then introduce the deformable convolution to locate the entire person area. More importantly, a rank perception optimization (RPO) loss is proposed in the FDPS framework to enhance the discrimination and diversity of inter-class features. Experimental results on PRW and CUHK-SYSU datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Joint Sample Enhancement and Instance-Sensitive Feature Learning for Efficient Person Search

Person search, consisting of jointly or separately trained person detection stage and person Re-ID stage, suffers from significant challenges such as inefficiency and difficulty in acquiring discriminative features. However, certain work has either turned to the end-to-end framework whose performance is limited by task conflicts or has consistently attempted to obtain more accurate bounding boxes (Bboxes). Few studies have focused on the impact of sample-specificity in person search datasets for training a fine-grain Re-ID model, and few have considered obtaining discriminative Re-ID features from Bboxes in a more efficient way. In this paper, a novel sample-enhanced and instance-sensitive (SEIE) framework is designed to boost performance. By analyzing the structure of person search framework, our method refines the two stages separately. For the detection stage, we re-design the usage of Bbox and a sample enhancement combination is proposed to further enhance the quality and quantity of Bboxes. SEC can suppress false positive detection results and randomly generate high-quality positive samples. For the Re-ID stage, we contribute an instance similarity loss to exploit the similarity between classless instances, and an Omni-scale Re-ID backbone is employed to learn more discriminative features. We obtain a more efficient and discriminative person search framework by concatenating the two stages. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our method achieves state-of-the-art performance with a high speed, and significantly outperforms other existing methods.

Adoption knowledge: a citizen-scientific use of FamilySearch to understand Peruvian adoption

ABSTRACT This article analyzes the citizen-scientific work conducted by a Peruvian adoptee, co-author Milagros Caroline Forrester, who is collecting, archiving, coding, and analyzing the birth records of Peruvian adoptees she encounters through her ongoing review of FamilySearch, a depository of genealogical data run by the Mormon Church. Forrester’s project resembles the personal birthparent searches conducted by many adopted people, but at another scale: becoming “citizen science” through an enlargement of the sample size to hundreds of cases, an analytic approach to the form of each document and what meta-communicative data the form provides, and a determination of the implications and significance of the synthesized results. In her research with birth registries, Forrester was inspired by scientific methodologies in the social sciences, including database creation, management, and analysis, and open coding of textual artifacts. This article shows that the nuance that laypeople bring to personally implicated citizen science can lead to engaged and meaningful findings that reach communities not often heard from in scholarly research. Forrester’s study is grounded in an awareness of her fellow adoptees’ challenges in finding information about their origins, and ambivalence about the significance of those findings.

Context-Aware Feature Learning for Noise Robust Person Search

Person search aims to localize and identify specific pedestrians from numerous surveillance scene images. In this work, we focus on the noise in person search. We categorize the noise into scene-inherent noise and human-introduced noise. Scene-inherent noise comes from congestion, occlusion, and illumination changes. Human-introduced noise originates from the labeling process. For scene-inherent noise, we propose a novel context contrastive loss to take advantage of the latent contextual information from scene images. Features from context regions are utilized to construct contrastive pairs to constrain the feature discrimination among pedestrians in scene images while maintaining the feature consistency of the same identity. The network can thus learn to distinguish congested and overlapped pedestrians and more robust features can be obtained. For human-introduced noise, we propose a noise-discovery and noise-suppression training process for mislabeling robust person search. After the first training pass, the relation between feature prototypes of different identities is analyzed and the mislabeled pedestrians are discovered. During the second training pass, the label noise is suppressed to reduce the negative influence of mislabeled data. Experiments show that the proposed context-aware noise-robust (CANR) person search can achieve competitive performance. Further ablation studies confirm the effectiveness of CANR.

ВОКАЛЬНО-ХОРОВЕ ВИХОВАННЯ УЧНІВ ПОЧАТКОВОЇ ШКОЛИ У КОНТЕКСТІ УКРАЇНСЬКИХ НАЦІОНАЛЬНИХ ТРАДИЦІЙ

The article opens forms and methods of primary school students’ vocal and choral education in Ukraine. The analysis of musical and educating process in our country reveals to singings' dominance as a leading type of musical activity, the existence of foundations for the further development of national traditions of vocal and choral education of different ages children. Just the young generations’ interest to Ukrainian national art, the performance the best examples of folklore promotes to the provision of musical and educational and personal child’s development, the realization his creative potential. It offers the approach to organization of the process of involvement children to historical heritage of mankind and national culture. It considers the role and the opportunities of the extracurricular artistic and aesthetic activity in in the deepening and differentiation of students’ artistic knowledge and skills which based on co-creation and mutual respect. The article reveals the main vectors of extracurricular activities of the art cycle involving novelty techniques and methods. It defines the ways of students’ aesthetic education by the examples of Ukrainian folk music in the process of acquisition and improvement of vocal and choral skills that affects the successful solution of the problem. The author offers the organization and pedagogical methods of thorough mastering of artistic knowledge assisting personal creative search in the direction of vocal and choral activity in the context of Ukrainian national traditions. For successful reaching these goals it need to develop first of all social and cultural awareness, curiosity, adaptability and communication. It improve students' ability to assess, obtain and apply knowledge, to think independently, to make proper judgments and to collaborate with others in the context of analyzing new challenges of the future. The substantive aspects of vocal and choral personality education in the works of modern composers of Ukraine, which open new horizons for world perception and world understanding of our present, require further consideration.

От «тайны» к «религии» прогресса (В.С. Соловьев и М.О. Гершензон)

The article discusses V.S. Solovyov’s influence on the reflections of M.O. Gershenzon in 1910–1920s about progress, personality, crisis of culture and war. The article affirms the thematic continuity of the views of the two thinkers and the conviction of M.O. Gershenzon in the key position of personality in the development of historical processes. It is emphasized that personality is a reference point in the coordinate system that builds the idea of progress in M.O. Gershenzon’s works. It is noted that the crisis of culture and the war are stages on the path of progress that neglects the personal, namely: the progress of abstract, highly specialized scientific knowledge in which the individual is alienated. The cultural heritage, which is not claimed by the individual as a single consciousness and therefore not assimilated by modern man, has become just a value that does not meet an individual request, turns ‘mystery’ into ‘religion’, an object of personal spiritual comprehension into obligatory ritual that alienates a person from action, the meaning of which is lost. Between Solovyov’s “mystery of progress” and Gershenzon’s “religion of progress” an entire epoch passes away, in which, as it seemed, war is no longer possible, but finally the war sweeps away the achievements of civilization with a fiery whirlwind. All the consequences M.O. Gershenzon’s statement that the main reason for this process is the loss of the individual (including personal search for truth), its transformation into a value in culture, are analyzed in the article. It is concluded that the World War I undermined faith in progress as a multiplication of values in culture; it was comprehended as a consequence of the violation of the organic “complexity of a whole life”, the alienation of a value that was personal in origin.

Correction to: Person search via class activation map transferring

Correction to: Person search via class activation map transferring

Personalized Search Using User Preferences on Social Media

In contrast to traditional web search, personalized search provides search results that take into account the user’s preferences. However, the existing personalized search methods have limitations in providing appropriate search results for the individual’s preferences, because they do not consider the user’s recent preferences or the preferences of other users. In this paper, we propose a new search method considering the user’s recent preferences and similar users’ preferences on social media analysis. Since the user expresses personal opinions on social media, it is possible to grasp the user preferences when analyzing the records of social media activities. The proposed method collects user social activity records and determines keywords of interest using TF-IDF. Since user preferences change continuously over time, we assign time weights to keywords of interest, giving many high values to state-of-the-art user preferences. We identify users with similar preferences to extend the search results to be provided to users because considering only user preferences in personalized searches can provide narrow search results. The proposed method provides personalized search results considering social characteristics by applying a ranking algorithm that considers similar user preferences as well as user preferences. It is shown through various performance evaluations that the proposed personalized search method outperforms the existing methods.