Personal Property Research Articles

Ensuring information security and stability: The application of blockchain in naming system

In recent years, network information security and stability problems have emerged one after another, and people's personal privacy and property security are being threatened. A large part of these problems are caused by two major characteristics of traditional DNSinsecurity and instability. Therefore, this article aims to explore a new internet naming system the Blockchain Naming Systemto address the current issues of internet information security and stabilityespecially the problems caused by the traditional DNS system. This article adopts scientific research methods such as literature survey, comparative research, experimental exploration, analogy research, and model building. By analyzing the current situation, studying the feasibility of the blockchain naming system, and comparing its advantages and disadvantages with the traditional DNS system, it is not difficult to conclude that this new blockchain naming system has huge potential. It can not only ensure stability and security but also contribute to other fields.

임원배상책임보험의 통지조항 - 기업보험성 및 설명의무와 관련하여

D&O insurance goes beyond covering the risk of lawsuits against directors’ personal property and has become an essential element for the sustainable management of companies. The D&O insurance subscription rate of listed companies in Korea has increased to about 75% as of 2023, but the number of claims in 2022 is 122 and the loss ratio is only 9.6%. The reason why D&O insurance is not activated in Korea is due to the problem of corporate governance in which diectors are not effectively held accountable, as well as the English terms and conditions of the United States, which are based on American corporate law, which is different from Korea’s. The terms and conditions have been written, and the Korean terms and the US English terms and conditions are used as is, resulting in unclear or unreasonable interpretations. In particular, the notice provision, which is the essence of claims-made policy, is the most confusing part in practice and rulings. The notice provision makes immediate notification of a claim a condition precedent for policy and includes the obligation to consent in advance to settlement or defense costs. Since D&O insurance is a corporate insurance, the principle of prohibition of disadvantageous changes in Article 663 of the Commercial Act does not apply, and the duty to explain should be exempted or relieved. If the obligation to notify the occurrence of an insurance accident is not complied with and prior consent for defense costs is not obtained, the insurance shall not be paid. Even if the insurer is in breach of the duty to explain, it should be solved by the interpretation of terms and conditions, and the insurer’s reponsibility for damages.

Peculiarities of Individual Reactivity in the Formation of EmotionalStress Reaction`

Man as a person is a unique, purely individual integral integrity of biogenic, psychogenic and sociogenic elements. His reaction to extreme impacts, assessment and perception of this impact as harmful are determined not so much by innate, biologically fixed mechanisms, as by the whole complex of stable properties of the individual, formed in a particular social environment. The type of individual-psychological reactivity of a given person under conditions of psychological stress depends on these personality properties. Extreme stimuli represent extreme values of those elements of the situation that create an optimal background for activity or at least do not cause a feeling of discomfort.

A psychoanalytic portrait of Sigmund Freud’s personality

The translation of one of the most content-rich chapters of the fundamental work of the British biographer Ernest Jones “The Life and Work of Sigmund Freud” (1955) offered to the general public of Ukrainian intellectuals is a multi-worded, multi-colored mosaic of events, detailed in nuances and details, a psychoanalytic portrayal of the undoubtedly brilliant and outstanding personality of the creator of classical psychoanalysis as an original direction of psychological cognition of the unconscious and inner reality of man, and as a psychodynamic approach to understanding and describing the developmental circulation of psychic energy (mainly libido) in the human brain, and as a therapeutic technique of systemic psychological analysis and integration of components and mechanisms of action, symbolic and linguistic manifestations of the client’s psychic unconscious for the sake of their realization and, consequently, their mental recovery, and even as a separate worldview that explains personal, cultural, and social phenomena of human, psychic, life in an original psychosophical way. The author’s psychological picture of the famous figure panoramically and multifacetedly reproduces the psycho-spiritual image of this giant of creative thought in a harmonious network of personal traits, characteristic properties, thought-intentional tendencies, and self-conscious existentials. The attributive features of this patterned lace are “a lively, non-repetitive mind,” simplicity and accessibility, fundamental honesty and active love of justice, a calm manner of contact and established dignity, “tolerance and general ease of communication”, passion for clear and direct truthfulness, indescribable value of one’s own discoveries, “oscillation of the internal pendulum between excessive trust and distrust of others”, freedom and independence as a source of decent living in everyday life, a certain distrust of outside help, deep love to his mother, “pronounced bisexuality,” old-fashioned attitudes towards women, inspiring others to trust in themselves, inspiring others to devotion and “in the last resort trust only in oneself,” and constant self-analysis and progress through positive self-realization. The outlined mosaic of traits, qualities, properties, and psychic tendencies indicate Freud as a rich and complex, somewhat contradictory, but mentally complete personality who stands out among other researchers for his exceptional “passion to get to the truth with the utmost certainty,” unbreakable courage and perseverance combined with unwavering honesty, amazing intellectual fearlessness when faced with the dark unknown, his own “acceptance of the unbelievable and unexpected” and love for the harsh truth and factual reality of psychological knowledge, realism, a rational style of thinking, an original worldview, fundamental benevolence, self-respect and self-criticism, directness and absolute honesty, a subtle sense of humor, although with a slight probability of being an offensive and intolerant choleric. The detailed psycho-existential portrait of Sigmund Freud sheds additional light of truth not only on his unique creative personality, but also on hidden subjective sources, personal themes-priorities, and numerous consciously innovated conceptual and categorical means of psychoanalysis itself as one of the most powerful trends in modern psychological science.

FROM THE CONCEPT OF THE DRAFT POLICE CHARTER OF THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE TO ITS STRUCTURE AND CONTENT: VIEWS OF MEMBERS OF THE COMMISSION OF SENATOR A.A. MAKAROV (1906-1917) PART 7. PREVENTION AND SUPPRESSION BY THE POLICE OF THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE OF FIGHTS, VIOLENCE, ACCIDENTS, FIRES. MEASURES TO ASSIST VICTIMS, REGISTRATION OF THE POPULATION FOR THE PURPOSE OF TIMELY DETECTION OF

The responsibilities of the police to suppress fights between civilians are briefly outlined, the specifics of fights among officers and the peculiarities of the implementation of police measures are noted, and means of preventing accidents in public places and on communications routes are provided. It is noted that the activities of the general police on the tracks belonging to the Ministry of Railways were carried out in the absence of supervisory authorities of the said department or when railway police officials were replaced. Measures are revealed to provide police assistance to victims of criminal acts, accidents, people who become ill in public places, and to transport them to medical institutions. When forming a position in the draft charter, the organizers hoped that city public administrations would create special ambulance crews, which already existed in some medical institutions in large urban settlements. It is indicated that the adoption by police officials of various efforts to resolve situations related to accidents was combined with conducting an inquiry and issuing a copy of the report to the victims, at their request. The article shows the struggle of the police against neglect: the transfer of abandoned babies, orphans, lost children to trustworthy citizens, to educational homes, charitable institutions of city and zemstvo institutions; transport to public hospitals. As an area of police activity, measures to prevent fires are shown, the role of the police in managing their extinguishing, ensuring the protection of personal property, and the work of the police during floods, shipwrecks, and railway accidents. Monitoring the registration of residents in residential premises, daily control over sanitary order in houses, entrances, streets, and squares are independently presented.

Theoretical approaches to improving the terminological apparatus of psychodiagnostic research in the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine

The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the basic concepts and terms used in the field of psychological diagnostics. The scientific approaches to the formation of terms and conceptual apparatus by which this branch of psychological science describes its subject of study are considered. It is emphasised that the development of science is determined primarily by the formation of terminology, that is, its language as a system of general and specific concepts that are reflected in certain terms and signs. It is stated that the language of psychodiagnostics is a complex, multilevel, integral system, the elements of which are categories, concepts, terms, symbols. It is shown that in the course of the development of psychology, the conceptual apparatus is continuously being improved, definitions are being clarified, and the terminological vocabulary is being enriched. The current state of development of psychodiagnostics, the formation of promising theories of assessment and measurement of individual characteristics have necessitated the clarification of its terminological apparatus, a significant number of concepts, definitions, which are often contradictory, through the use of various approaches and terminological elements. It is emphasised that the conceptual and terminological apparatus of psychodiagnostics should be developed on the basis of modern realities, abandoning outdated approaches to the definition of certain concepts, and that work towards clarifying and unifying terms requires special care and validity. With a view to improving the terminology, the author provides clarifications of some common definitions. Thus, it is proposed to distinguish between the concepts of “qualities” and “traits”, since “quality” corresponds to the Kettellian term “superficial” or “primary” trait and the Allportian term “secondary” or “secondary” disposition, and the concept of “trait” is more generalised, it summarises the existence of a significant number of qualities. It is proposed to understand individual (individual psychological) properties as generalised characteristics of temperament, character, abilities, orientation, i.e. stable mental phenomena which influence human activity, characterise a personality from the psychological and social aspects and are implemented in society. In addition, it is proposed to clearly distinguish between the concepts of “qualities”, “traits”, “features”, to introduce the terms “individual and personal properties and traits”, and to differentiate psychodiagnostic tools for the study of constitutional, individual and personal traits.

Communicative skills of a teacher-choreographer as a means of students forming emotional and aesthetic experience

Importance. Changes in society entail the presentation of new requirements for the teacher as a specialist and personality. Today, teaching Internet-dependent students who require little communication is a specialized skill that demands emotionally intense communicative skills from teachers aimed at engaging them in a productive educational process. The communicative skills of the choreographer-teacher should contribute to the emotional and aesthetic experience formation of students. This experience is formed in the interaction process between a teacher and a student, subject to correction of age-related, individual socially conditioned deformations of the students’ personality. The purpose of the study is to establish the need for developing the communicative skills of a choreographer teacher as an effective way to enhance the emotional and aesthetic development of students.Research Methods. The following methods are used: analysis of psychological and pedagogical literature, systematization and comparison, generalization of the author’s experience, observation, which enabled the substantiation of the emotionally and aesthetically saturated communicative component of the teacher’s activity as a leader in the process of forming the emotional and aesthetic experience of students and a dance group. On the basis of the main provisions of the systemic, cultural, activity-centered, personality-focused approaches, the development of interrelated blocks of personality qualities and properties in the emotionally saturated communicative learning process is shown: cognitive, psychological-dynamic and morally significant.Results and Discussion. It is proved that the teacher’s communicative skill are the key to achieving high educational and outcomes through the varied methods’ use of interaction with students. These skills are essential for effectively addressing their socio-psychological and personal issues. The direct correlation between the learning process results and the teacher's competence level in emotional and aesthetic communication with students has been established. A specialized course has been designed for choreographers to enhance their emotional and aesthetic component of communicative skills, which encompasses psychological, dynamic, and moral aspects of personality development.Conclusion. Based on the results of theoretical and empirical research, the structure of an emotionally saturated, aesthetic communicative aspect of the pedagogical skill of a choreographer teacher has been developed. Success in the formation of the modern students’ emotional and aesthetic experience is achievable provided that there is a high level of communicative skills of the teacher, the formation of which is facilitated by the developed special course “Enhancing the communicative skills of a choreographer teacher”.

Penerapan Kompensasi Terhadap Korban Kejahatan Tindak Pidana Terorisme Studi Kasus Bom Bali

The bombing incident that occurred in Bali in 2002 was a tragedy that attracted world attention, with victims reaching 202 deaths and more than 200 people injured. This tragedy occurred after the hijacked plane crashed into the World Trade Center towers in America in 2001, which increasingly increased global attention to the issue of terrorism. The aim of this research is to examine compensation for victims of terrorist crimes. This research method uses a descriptive qualitative research method with a normative juridical approach using secondary data in the form of documents and books regarding the object of this research, then this research uses 3 types of legal materials in the form of primary legal materials, secondary legal materials and tertiary legal materials. The findings of this research show that in Law Number 31 of 2014 concerning Amendments to Law Number 13 of 2006 concerning Protection of Witnesses and Victims, victims of criminal acts of terrorism also receive protection for their personal security, family and property, and are free from threats. relating to testimony that will be, is being, or has been given and participating in the process of selecting and determining forms of security protection and support as well as providing information without pressure. Protection for victims of criminal acts of terrorism implemented in Indonesia is based on the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia and Law Number 15 of 2003 concerning the Eradication of Criminal Acts of Terrorism. Bali bombing victims have the right to receive legal protection and compensation from the state for the acts of terrorism that occurred. They also receive protection for their personal security, family and property, and are free from threats related to the testimony they will, are giving, or have given.

Внутренняя конфликтность личности и ее связь с показателями сформированности профессионального «Я» в структуре индивидуальности у студентов психологических специальностей

Introduction. The article presents the results of an empirical study aimed at identifying the peculiarities of the connection between the severity of internal conflict and a complex of psychological and socio-psychological characteristics of an individual in the structure of individuality as a subject of professional socialization. Theoretical analysis. The analysis of research results in the scientific literature revealed the presence of conflicting data regarding the connection between internal conflict and the productivity of professional activities, including representatives of helping professions. Empirical analysis. Correlation connections have been identified that allow us to draw a conclusion about the role of the severity of an individual’s internal conflict in the formation of professionally significant personal and socio-psychological properties in the structure of individuality, ensuring the success of mastering and implementing professional activities by future psychologists. Conclusion. Internal conflict in future psychologists can be combined with low levels of self-regulation and volitional efforts, difficulties in demonstrating the “Adult” ego-position in conditions of interpersonal interaction, but at the same time, internal conflict does not prevent the manifestation of responsiveness and sincerity in conditions of contact interaction as professionally significant qualities formed in the conditions of professional socialization.

Legal Mechanisms for the Protection of Personal Information in Public Surveillance

How public surveillance balances the relationship between preventing and combating crime and protecting citizens' personal information is a social issue of common concern to the people. With the advent of the digital age and the unprecedented development of Internet technology, public surveillance has spread to all corners of people's lives. Although big data technology brings a lot of convenience to people's daily work and life, it is also prone to cause personal information security problems. For example, the leakage of personal information and the release of personal information have had a great impact on the personal property and mental aspects of citizens. Lack of protection of citizens' right to personal information in public areas, exposing citizens to surveillance as if they were transparent. A strong sense of being monitored and controlled seriously affects the happiness index of citizens. Therefore, the question of how to use public surveillance to safeguard the public interest without infringing on individual privacy is particularly important.

Investigation of flame-retardant characteristics of a polyaryl ether containing phthalazinone moiety

The aerospace, automotive and other industries require very safe specialty engineered plastics that can be used for long times at high temperatures and produce few harmful fumes during combustion in the event of a safety accident, which is essential for protecting personal life and property in a confined environment. The twisted noncoplanar structures give poly (phthalazinone ether) resins excellent temperature resistance and solubility, but clarifying the flame retardancies of the resins is the key to broader application. Herein, a comprehensive comparison has been made between poly (phthalazinone ether) resins and the specialty engineered plastic polysulfone (PSF) based on flame resistance. In vertical burning test, the poly (phthalazinone ether) resin showed a very short flame self-extinguishing time (within 1 s), furthermore, the light transmittance of poly (phthalazinone ether) resin was 100 % at 300 s in the smoke density test, whereas, this value was 10 % for PSF. And the thermal decomposition process and flame retardancy mechanism were investigated by microscale combustion calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and thermogravimetric-infrared spectra mass spectrometry. The results indicated that the introduction of phthalazinone moiety not only enhanced the glass transition temperature of the polyaryl ether, but also delayed the smoke generation. This work deepens our understanding of the effects of the molecular structure on the flame retardancy of polyaryl ether resins and provides useful guidance for the design and preparation of polyaryl ether resins with excellent comprehensive properties.

Имущественные правоотношения граждан России в браке: исторический аспект

The evolution of property relations within marriages reflects broader societal changes and the evolving understanding of individual rights and responsibilities within the family unit. This article examines the history of property relations of Russian citizens entering into, being in, and having the opportunity to terminate marriage. The analysis of the expired normative acts of the Russian Empire, the USSR and the RSFSR, as well as the current normative legal acts of the Russian Federation, is carried out in order to identify historical changes in this area of law. It is noted that joint property of spouses did not always exist and is an achievement of family legislation of the Soviet period aimed at emphasizing the equality of all citizens, including spouses, among themselves. The pre-revolutionary period was characterized by an emphasis on personal property of participants in family relations, as well as the regulation of inheritance rights. The post-Soviet period of regulation of property relations of Russian citizens in marriage can be considered as continuous with respect to the previous one. A dissonance is introduced into legislative acts by the introduction of the concept of a marriage contract, which implies the fixation of spouses' positions on property even at the stage before entering into marriage. Overall, property relations within the family unit have become increasingly complex over time, allowing for the observation of the dynamism of the development of family legislation in Russia. By tracing the historical development of these relations, we can better understand the dynamics of family law and its impact on individuals and society. Moving forward, it is essential to continue examining and adapting legal frameworks to ensure equity and justice within family relationships.

Exploring the Socioeconomic Dynamics and Technological Adaptation among Farmers: Implications for Sustainable Agricultural Development and Rural Livelihoods in Jaipur, India

The research was conducted in Jaipur district of Rajasthan. There are 23 AAO departments under the jurisdiction of Deputy Commissioner of Agriculture, Jothwara (Jaipur). Among these, 4 AAO departments viz. Hingonia, Jobner, Boraj and Bichun were deliberately chosen for this study because the AAO circle is next to SKNAU, Jobner is within a radius of 20 km, researchers from the school respectively many people are making technological improvements in nearby villages and farmers are also active. A total of 120 participants were selected from these four AAO circles. Judging from the entire health history of farmers benefiting from Nongtang, the majority of farmers benefiting from Nongtang are middle-aged (35 to 51 years old) (58.33%). Primary school graduates (20.00%), farmers are union members (37.50%), their share of average annual income (77.50%) is Rs. 1,26,781 to Rs. 4,72,303 and farmers share small land. category (38.33%). Moreover, most of the beneficiary farmers (44.17%) have moderate farming experience ranging from 15 to 31 years, (23.19%) farmers use PM Kisan application, (70.00%) farmers use information technology, (68%) 34) consider agriculture as the main business. job. The relationship between income and technological change shows that there is a positive relationship between education level, social participation, annual income, insured land, agriculture, agricultural practice and knowledge. The beneficiary's social profile indicates education, community involvement, annual income, land ownership, farm practice use, and data-effective and relevant job creation and annual income. The correlation between the profile of the beneficiaries and their social variables shows a positive relationship between the level of education, social participation, and annual income. There is a significant relationship between the use of agricultural practices and the change in personal property and the education level of family members. Agricultural knowledge and information are important and positively related to changes in household members' education levels and ownership of agricultural equipment.

Features of copyright inheritance

The article examines the provisions of the current legislation of Ukraine concerning the inheritance of copyright, and considers specific property copyrights as an object of inheritance. The content and essence of personal non-property and property copyrights under current Ukrainian legislation are clarified. It is stated that intellectual property rights may be transferred from one person to another, and therefore they may be the subject of inheritance relations. The author emphasises that transfer of such rights by inheritance is one of the non-contractual ways of disposing of intellectual property rights. Based on the study conducted, the author finds out that, as a general rule, only proprietary copyrights are transferred to heirs by inheritance. Thus, the author has found out that the heirs may inherit the right to use a work, the exclusive right to allow or prohibit the use of a work, and the right to prevent unlawful use of a work. At the same time, it is proved that some non-property copyrights in a truncated form may also be inherited, but their scope and nature remain controversial in science. It is determined that the author’s heirs have the right to protect the author’s personal non-property rights, in particular, to counteract the distortion, misrepresentation or other alteration of the work, as well as any other encroachment on the work which may harm the author’s honour and reputation. It is also determined that in the event of the author’s death, the author’s heirs, interested parties, or a person authorised by the author may protect the inviolability of the work. In addition, the author analyses a number of specific copyrights which do not have provisions on inheritance in the legislation, and based on the opinions of scholars, draws conclusions about the possibility of their transfer by way of inheritance. Thus, the author identifies the problematic issues regarding the possibility of transferring the right to participate in the implementation of projects of works of architecture, urban planning, and landscape gardening by way of inheritance. The author also finds out that the right of access to a work of fine art, although it has a property content, cannot be inherited due to the close connection with the personality of the creator-author. The author proves that the right of imitation is inherited and is valid for the same term as property copyrights, but it cannot be alienated to other persons, either by the author or his/her heirs.

Social Inclusion and Justice for the Internally Displaced by the Herdsmen-Farmers Conflict in Benue State, Nigeria

Executive Summary Herdsmen-farmers conflict has displaced 1.5 million residents of Benue State, Nigeria, according to government officials. Internally displaced persons (IDPs) have lost livelihoods, farms, personal property and community infrastructure. The paper highlights the social challenges they have experienced and the response by government and international humanitarian agencies (IHAs) to their situations. Based on interviews with 12 IDPs belonging to the displaced population from Guma Local Government Area of Benue State and interviews with seven humanitarian workers, the paper finds that the IDPs: • Have lost family members, neighbors, farms, churches, health centers, and means of mobility. • Cannot safely return home or access their ancestral lands. • Cannot support themselves. • Cannot attend public school or progress to a university. • Lack access to quality health care. • Live with multiple families in insecure shelters. • Cannot reliably obtain birth registration and replace other destroyed documents. • Can register their names, family relations, and former villages, but not their losses, which might lead to compensation and help them to rebuild their lives. The paper makes the following recommendations. • Registration, Effective Remedies and Access to Justice: The Benue State Emergency Management Agency (BSEMA), Federal Ministry of Humanitarian Affairs (FMHA) and United Nations High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR) should document personal and community socio-economic losses to ascertain the extent of damage to IDPs in order to facilitate effective remedies. The Ministries of Justice, the National Human Rights Commission, and UNHCR should support the IDPs by providing them with information and procedures that allow them to secure full compensation for their losses, and with safe, permanent solutions to their situations, including full integration into their host communities, safe and voluntary return home, or resettlement in a third community. • Engage IDPs as Stakeholders: The Benue State Government should ensure that BSEMA communicates to IDPs the possibilities for voluntary and dignified safe return. If return is not immediately foreseeable, BSEMA should offer IDPs the means to relocate and resettle elsewhere. • Provision of Sustainable Social Amenities: BSEMA, the FMHA, and international humanitarian agencies (IHAs) should provide sustainable healthcare, shelter, education in IDP camps, financial assistance and the means to access services outside of IDP camps. • Peace through Establishment of Ranches: Benue State Government’s Peace Commission should resolve the herdsmen-farmer conflict and restore peace by promoting peaceful co-existence between the conflicting parties. Herdsmen should be educated on the procedures for legal land acquisition for ranching, and farmers should be able to seek legal redress when their farms are damaged by grazing cattle. BSEMA and the Federal Ministry of Humanitarian Affairs should also facilitate voluntary, safe and dignified return of IDPs or their resettlement in another community. • Safeguard IDP Camps: BSEMA and the Nigeria security agencies should safeguard official and unofficial IDP camps. • Inclusive Policy Implementation: The FMHA in collaboration with the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) should develop humanitarian response plans that are beneficial to all IDPs in Nigeria irrespective of the cause of their displacement.

Compliance and assessment outcomes in the personal property tax

AbstractPersonal property taxpayers must decide the sort and quality of property information to report to assessors. Differences in the extent of compliance across personal property owners may result in assessors over‐ or underassessing noncompliers relative to compliers, which has policy implications for assessment equity and noncompliance penalties. Using nonparametric matching on a panel of restaurants from Dallas County, Texas from 2008 through 2022, I find consistent evidence that noncompliers are underassessed relative to compliers. Results suggest that Texas's statutory penalty rate for noncompliance should be almost twice as much for the rational property owner to be indifferent to compliance.

INDIVIDUAL AND AGE PROPERTIES OF BEGINNING SINGERS AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON THE PROCESS OF VOCAL SKILLS’ FORMATION

The article examines the influence of individual and personal properties of junior and teenage pupils, which significantly affect the ontogenesis of musical abilities and their singing training. It was noted that taking these factors into account should lay the foundation for teaching singing to pupils of different ages. In teaching singing to elementary school students, attention is focused on the fact that, due to the adverse influence of the musical environment, a significant proportion of children develop a so-called «partial brake», which becomes an obstacle to the spontaneous and natural mastery of the skills of repeating the simplest melodies, and with it, to the development of pitch hearing, harmonic sense, musical memory and internal auditory images. The internal and external factors of these inhibitory processes are characterized, which include the peculiarities of children’s temperament and behavioral tendencies and their combination with habits that are formed in them as a result of pedagogical mistakes and family circumstances that negatively affect the process of realizing their speech and intonation potentials. Two types of temperament and the peculiarities of their manifestation in the process of teaching singing students are distinguished, namely: choleric temperament with a preference for the excitatory state of the nervous system and melancholic temperament with a characteristically weak type of nervous system and a preference for inhibitory processes. These properties often lead to the emergence of problems in the individual at the initial stage of musical development and negatively affect their condition throughout life. The external signs of their manifestation are the condition of the muscular body, the peculiarities of speech and communication, tending to the corresponding behavioral style. In the first case, the student’s excessive activity, general muscle stiffness, the need to quickly switch attention and the inability to concentrate it on the performance of tasks, the inability to act on the advice (instructions) of an adult are characteristic. For children with impaired tone of the nervous system, an overly relaxed, «flabby» muscle state is typical, which negatively affects the lack of support in the process of sound production and sound conduction, increased fatigue, slow formation of conditioned reflexes, which are the basis of the motor-singing skills formation. Keywords: individual and age psychological properties; development of musical abilities; singing lessons; vocal skills; students of different ages.

Exponential growth of private coastal infrastructure influenced by geography and race in South Carolina, USA

Homeowners in coastal environments often augment their access to estuarine ecosystems by building private docks on their personal property. Despite the commonality of docks, particularly in the Southeastern United States, few works have investigated their historical development, their distribution across the landscape, or the environmental justice dimensions of this distribution. In this study, we used historic aerial photography to track the abundance and size of docks across six South Carolina counties from the 1950s to 2016. Across our roughly 60-year study period, dock abundance grew by two orders of magnitude, mean length of newly constructed docks doubled, and the cumulative length of docks ballooned from 34 to 560 km. Additionally, we drew on census data interpolated into consistent 2010 tract boundaries to analyze the racial and economic distribution of docks in 1994, 1999, 2011, and 2016. Racial composition, measured as the percentage of a tract’s population that was White, positively correlated with dock abundance in each year. Median household income and dock abundance were only correlated in 2011. Taken together, these metrics indicate the growing desire for direct estuary access, however, that access does not appear to be equally spread across racial groups. Because docks enhance estuarine access and demarcate private property, our study provides longitudinal insights into environmental justice concerns related to disparate private property ownership. We found a persistent correlation between the racial characteristics of an area and dock abundance, strongly indicating that White South Carolinians have had disproportionately greater private water access for the past two decades.

FACTORS AFFECTING THE PSYCHOLOGICAL TRAINING OF YOUNG SWIMMERS

Psychological preparation of swimmers for competitions. One of the specific features of sports activity is that it is well known to the athlete and studied by him in advance. In few sports, the athlete encounters completely unexpected, sudden stimuli. But even in such cases, he tries to predict the course of sports wrestling. Often, in all types of sports, at competitions, athletes cannot show their best results: they cannot lift a weight that was easily lifted in training; mistakes are made in the technique of gymnastic exercises; cannot run as fast as possible, etc. And all this is because the athlete cannot always demonstrate and mobilize his mental functions at the level necessary to achieve the maximum result. In this regard, psychological training acquires special importance, the purpose of which is the formation and improvement of personal properties significant for sports by changing the system of the athlete's relationship to the process of activity, to himself and others. The formation and consolidation of appropriate relations is created through the integral influence on the athlete of the family, university, sports team, organizations that perform educational functions, the coach, and other persons, as well as through self-education. Of particular interest are fluctuations in the level of qualities characteristic of everyone during different periods of preparation. For example, we observe that with appropriate psychological preparation on the eve of a competition, it is possible to reduce the level of anxiety, increase the level of competitiveness, and volitional control, thereby facilitating successful performance.

Numerical study on performance of submerged permeable breakwater under impacts of multi-directional focused wave groups

Multi-directional waves focusing is considered a crucial method for generating extreme waves, posing a significant threat to coastal infrastructure and personal property. In recent years, there has been widespread construction of permeable submerged breakwaters as a preventive measure against extreme wave damage. Therefore, this study aims to assess the attenuation of multi-directional focused waves by both permeable and impermeable submerged breakwaters based on nonhydrostatic numerical wave model (NHWAVE). Effects of several key parameters are carefully examined. According to research findings, permeable submerged breakwaters offer significant benefits in reducing the wave amplitude, flow velocity, water elevation, and energy flux of multi-directional focused wave groups, while also effectively inhibiting the transfer of wave energy to higher frequencies. Additionally, we observe alternating positive and negative vortices occur at the boundary of the permeable submerged breakwater. The findings of this study are expected to advance the investigation into the hydrodynamic characteristics of submerged permeable breakwaters subjected to focused waves.