Persian Speakers Research Articles

The Relation of Language Context and Religiosity to Trilemma Judgments

Utilitarian judgments maximize benefit for the most people, whereas deontological judgments are based on moral norms. Previous work shows that people tend to make more utilitarian judgments in their second compared to their native language, whereas higher religiosity is associated with more deontological judgments. However, it is not known whether the effect of language context is moderated by the religiosity of the individual. We hypothesized that more religious participants from all three languages would favor deontological choices irrespective of language context. In order to investigate this, we studied native speakers of Persian who either had Arabic or English as their second language, and all participants were given a standard measure of religiosity. Decision making was measured by the classic trolley trilemma in which a participant could “push” a person to save the lives of more people which is considered a utilitarian judgment. Alternatively, they could “switch” a track to save the lives of more people (“indirect”), or do nothing (“inaction”), both of which are considered deontological. Consistent with the literature showing more utilitarian judgments in the second language, English participants preferred the push option, whereas Persian participants favored the inaction option. L2 Arabic participants more often chose the indirect option. However, participants’ religiosity moderated this effect of language context. Although L2 Arabic participants’ choices were not influenced by religiosity, higher religiosity in the L2 English and L1 Persian groups was associated with more deontological choices.

Translation and Cross-cultural Adaptation of the Aphasia Check List in Persian Speakers With Aphasia.

Introduction:The Aphasia Check List (ACL) is a comprehensive, time-saving tool for language evaluation in aphasia, including a cognitive assessment part. This cross-sectional study aimed to translate ACL into Persian and analyze the psychometric features of the translated version. The original version of the ACL was translated and adapted from German; its psychometric features were then determined.Methods:Twenty People With Aphasia (PWA) and 50 age- and education-matched, cognitively healthy controls participated in this research. Possible floor and ceiling effects, discriminant validity, test-retest reliability, and internal consistency of the test were analyzed in addition to the evaluation of internal correlations between the test parts (language & cognition).Results:Regarding the performance of PWAs in the language section and the cognitive subtests assessing attention, memory, and reasoning, there were no floor and ceiling effects. Adequate discriminant validities for the language section of the test [i.e., total score: (Mann-Whitney U= 6.000, P<0.001); diagnostic subtests scores: (Mann-Whitney U= 3.000, P<0.001), and each subtest individually. Besides, the attention subtest of the cognition section (Mann-Whitney U= 16.500, P<0.001) was also observed. There was no difference between the control and patient groups in the subtests of memory (Mann-Whitney U= 497.500, P=0.973) and reasoning (Mann-Whitney U= 3.000, P= 308). The test-retest reliability was acceptable in all subtests (ICC agreement= 0.573–0.984). The ACL-P suggested appropriate internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha coefficient= 0.761 for test & retest scores). There were also significant correlations between language and cognition in the control and patient groups.Conclusion:The ACL-P test indicated sufficient reliability and validity for the evaluation of Persian-speaking PWAs and is suggested to be used in studies on this population.

Compound words are decomposed regardless of semantic transparency and grammatical class: An fMRI study in Persian

Processing of morphologically complex words in the brain is a sophisticated phenomenon. In this study, we asked whether the semantic transparency of compound words and their grammatical class played a role in their processing at the neural level in Persian, a language with a relatively productive system of morphological compounding. Twenty-eight native speakers of Persian performed an auditory task during fast-sparse fMRI. Combined univariate and multivariate analyses showed that all compound words were processed similarly regardless of their semantic transparency and grammatical class. Our findings partially support those approaches that claim semantic transparency is a property of processing, not representation. We contend that language-specific properties such as linguistic productivity and task-related manipulations are very important in modulating morphological processing.

Investigating Gender Differences in Iranian EFL Learners' Rounded Vowels

The present study investigated the gender differences in producing all English rounded vowels /u:/, /ɔ:/, /ʊ/ and /o/ in Iranian EFL learners' speech in comparison with native ones. Sixty Iranian EFL learners including 30 males and 30 females were selected as the participants of this study. Oxford proficiency test (OPT, 2001) was conducted in order to ensure the learners were truly homogenous with regard to their English proficiency level. All learners were right-handed, Persian monolingual native speakers with no brain injuries, hearing or visual problems that interfered with their performance in the test. Four words containing English round vowels with CVC syllable structure were selected and put inside the carrier sentence ''Say......please''. In fact, each learner uttered the carrier sentences separately. Via PRAAT software (win 64), the voices of the participants were recorded and analyzed for obtaining the first and the second formants (F1 and F2) of each vowel. The obtained data from male and female speeches were compared to each other to find their differences. The results showed in F2 values, there were gender differences considering the consonantal context. This study demonstrated that for males, the degree of backness of vowel /u:/ was less than that of vowel /ɔ:/, but for females it was vice versa. For both vowels, male's mean F1 was lower than female's mean F1 and male's mean F2 was higher than female's mean F2. The present study showed gender differences in producing English rounded vowels. So, the results can be used in classes which contain only one gender. The findings of this study can bring about some pedagogical implications for teaching English diphthongs, triphthongs and English rounded vowels.

The Language of the Xūz and the Fate of Elamite

Abstract This article discusses the language of the Xūz mentioned in Arabic sources, endorsing the view that it is the latest attestation of the Elamite language. Drawing on models from historical sociolinguistics, it also studies the problem of mutual acculturation between speakers of Elamite and Persian in antiquity.

A Cross-Cultural Study of Refusal Speech Act by Persian L2 Learners and American Native Speakers

Refusals are utterances spoken to perform the action of refusing. This face-threatening act has a significant function in societal interaction. This pragmatic study investigated Iranian English learners’ (IELs) behavior in realizing refusals on the basis of a cross-cultural comparison of American native speakers (ANSs) and Iranian Persian speakers (IPSs) in terms of production performance. Data came from 40 ANSs, 40 IPSs, and 40 IELs, elicited from a DCT varied with contextual factors of power and distance. Data were analyzed in terms of frequency and content of semantic formulas. Results indicated that, although all the groups employed a similar range of refusal strategies in responding to the refusals elicited by different initiation acts, cross-cultural variation was evident in the frequency and content of semantic formulas. In some cases, the IPSs and the IELs refused similarly in Persian and English, but differently from the ANSs, suggesting pragmatic transfer in the Persian groups. These differences in Persian and English refusals may cause pragmatic failure when Persian speakers rely on their L1 culture-specific refusal strategies in interacting with English native speakers. Thus, the development of L2 students’ pragmatic knowledge should become one of the priorities of the educational system.

Design and Implementation of the Voice Command Recognition and the Sound Source Localization System for Human–Robot Interaction

SUMMARYHuman–robot interaction (HRI) is becoming more important nowadays. In this paper, a low-cost communication system for HRI is designed and implemented on the Scout robot and a robotic face. A hidden Markov model-based voice command detection system is proposed and a non-native database has been collected by Persian speakers, which contains 10 desired English commands. The experimental results confirm that the proposed system is capable to recognize the voice commands, and properly performs the task or expresses the right answer. Comparing the system with a trained system on the Julius native database shows a better true detection (about 10%).

Is Everything a Challenge for Multiple Sclerosis patients? Nonverbal Semantic Memory Performance in Iranian Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Patients

Objectives: The objective of the current study was to evaluate the nonverbal semantic memory performance of MS patients and compare it with their healthy counterparts.&#x0D; Materials and methods: In this study, 70 patients with definite relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis(15 men and 55 women) and 70 healthy individuals of comparable demographics (age, gender, and education) from patients’ relatives and family members were selected based on convenient sampling. The patients recruited for this study were divided into two groups based on their Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores. The first group of patients (MS1) with MoCA scores of 18-25, and the MoCA scores of the second group (MS2) ranged from 10 -17. All of the participants were right-handed, originally born in Mashhad, Iran, and native speakers of Persian. To assess the nonverbal semantic memory performance of the participants, the picture version of The Camel and Cactus Test (CCT) was selected and administered from the Cambridge Semantic Memory battery test.&#x0D; Results: The results revealed that there was no significant difference between the MS1 and the Healthy Controls group in living and man-made variables, while MS 2 performed significantly different compared to other groups in these variables. The results also showed that all three groups of participants performed significantly different from each other in reaction time variable.&#x0D; Conclusion: The findings showed that cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis patients did not affect their nonverbal semantic memory performance, however, it had an impact on their reaction time.&#x0D; Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.20(2) 2021 p.390-395

Comparing the Phonological Awareness Skills Between Persian-speaking Monolingual Cochlear-implanted and Healthy Children

Background and Aim: Phonological awareness skills, as part of phonological processing abilities, can predict the extent of success in acquiring written and reading skills. Phonological awareness skills are of concern in children with severe and profound hearing loss, which has been less studied in this population. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate these skills in Cochlear-Implanted (CI) children and compare them with their healthy counterparts. Methods &amp; Materials: The study population included 25 CI children and 25 healthy children, aged 4-6 years, who were monolingual Persian speakers. The selected CI and healthy children were selected from the Rehabilitation Center of Naqmeh and the Kindergartens in Mashhad, City, Iran, respectively. After selecting each participant, the test of phonological awareness was administered. To compare the mean scores of each subtest, the obtained data were analyzed in SPSS v. 21 using the Mann-Whitney U test. Ethical Considerations: This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (Code: IR.MUMS.REC.1396.263). Results: The mean scores of CI children were significantly lower than that of their healthy peers in all phonological awareness subscales (P&lt;0.05). Conclusion: The obtained data suggested that healthy children presented better performance than the CI children in the phonological awareness test. Poor phonological awareness skills in CI children seem to be associated with hearing deprivation before cochlear implantation; thus, it requires to speed up surgery at an early age and the implementation of an effective rehabilitation program.

Hope under the shadow of fear and uncertainty : Resilience factors among working adolescents

Background &amp; Aim: Working adolescents need to cope with extreme situations they face, and it is important to identify what factors influence their resilience to better support their health and well-being. The purpose of this study was to explore resilience in working adolescents. Methods &amp; Materials: The directed content analysis approach based on the ecologicaltransactional resilience model was employed across five domains of resilience (Self, Family, Peers, School, and Community). Semi-structured interviews with a purposive sample of working adolescents were conducted. Inclusion criteria were being 12-18 years of age, Persian speaker, and direct experience of being forced to work for at least one year. Hsieh &amp; Shannon (2005) instruction was used for data analysis. Results: 17 participants were interviewed, 59% were male, 88% immigrants, and 41% had started working by age 6. Adolescents reported experience of significant adversity. A dichotomic range of resilience-related factors was identified within five domains, embedded with distinct themes. There was evidence of self-care, patience, empathy, and emotional insight within extremely difficult life circumstances. Peers and schools were identified as supporting resilience. Very few Family or Community resilience factors were identified; instead, adolescents reported hurt, alienation, and voicelessness within the family; and fear and insecurity in the community. Conclusion: Working adolescents in this study revealed some dichotomic strengths and vulnerabilities. Individual, peer, and school factors were more evident than family and community factors in fostering resilience among working adolescents.

Designing a Voice-controlled Wheelchair for Persian-speaking Users Using Deep Learning Networks with a Small Dataset

With the advancement of technology, the demand for improving the quality of life of the elderly and disabled has increased and their hope to overcome their problem is realized by using advanced technologies in the field of rehabilitation. Many existing electrical and electronic devices can be turned into more controllable and more functional devices using artificial intelligence. In every society, some spinal disabled people lack physical and motor abilities such as moving their limbs and they cannot use the normal wheelchair and need a wheelchair with voice control. The main challenge of this project is to identify the voice patterns of disabled people. Audio classification is one of the challenges in the field of pattern recognition. In this paper, a method of classifying ambient sounds based on the sound spectrogram, using deep neural networks is presented to classify Persian speakers sound for building a voice-controlled intelligent wheelchair. To do this, we used Inception-V3 as a convolutional neural network which is pretrained by the ImageNet dataset. In the next step, we trained the network with images that are generated using spectrogram images of the ambient sound of about 50 Persian speakers. The experimental results achieved a mean accuracy of 83.33%. In this plan, there is the ability to control the wheelchair by a third party (such as spouse, children or parents) by installing an application on their mobile phones. This wheelchair will be able to execute five commands such as stop, left, right, front and back.

ІРАНСЬКА КОМУНІКАТИВНА КУЛЬТУРА ЧЕРЕЗ ПРИЗМУ ТЕОРІЇ МОВЛЕННЄВИХ АКТІВ

This article explores the specifics of the application of the theory of Speech acts (SAs) in the context of the study of communicative behavior of Persian native speakers in general, and the Persian system of politeness ta'ārof in particular. The history of formation and development of this theory, the structure and classification of SAs, proposed by researchers, are briefly described. The particularities of the use of the SAs theory in the linguistic theory of politeness by P. Brown and S. Levinson are also highlighted. In their conception, based on the principle of ‘face-work' by E. Goffman, they propose to distinguish two types of face: ‘positive' and ‘negative'. The positive aspect of the face is the want of an individual to be accepted by a certain group of people, the negative one is his desire to feel free and prevent other people from violating his privacy. Immediately after the concept of dividing the face into positive and negative aspects had been announced it faced a flurry of criticism from researchers of Eastern politeness systems. They questioned the importance of the negative face for Eastern cultures, arguing that in the East in social interaction the public interests prevail over an individual's, unlike Western cultures, where individualism is a cultural value. The article also analyzes the system of SAs the researchers proposed, which poses a threat to the interlocutor's face (FTA), and the specifics of the application of this system for the study of Iranian communicative culture. The analysis allows concluding that some SAs identified by American researchers as face-threatening SAs are not the ones in terms of the Persian system of politeness. These are suggestions, invitations, compliments, apologies, thanks, and denials. It is concluded that such SAs are perceived by Persian speakers as an integral part of polite communication, and failure to comply with the appropriate rules may result in the speaker's losing face before the interlocutor. Therefore, we may assume that in the context of Iranian communicative culture, these SAs showing a brilliant ethnic specifics, might be qualified not as face-threatening ones, but as those that promote harmonious communication.

Native Language Interference in English L2 Word Recognition and Word Integration Skills

The current study was planned to investigate the interference of the native language in English word recognition and word integration skills in L1 speakers of French and Persian. The participants of the study were 48 intermediate and upper intermediate native Persian and French-speaking EFL learners studying in VUB and ULB universities in Brussels, Belgium. All in all, based on the results of ANCOVA, there was a strong and positive relationship between EFL learners' word recognition and word integration skills and their L1(first language). The RT (reaction time) resulting from the LDT (lexical decision task) showed that the Persian EFL participants were able to outperform French EFL participants, though Persian and English are orthographically and typologically distant languages. On the other hand, in a word integration task, French participants showed superiority over Persian participants in the direct object reading time that emphasized the positive aspect of L1 interference as facilitation.

‘Die’ and its different situation-bound utterances in Persian

Abstract In this paper, using the tenets of Situation-Bound Utterances (SBUs) (Kecskes 2000, 2010) and referring to Pragmatic Act Theory (PAT) (Mey 2001), the verb mordan (‘to die’ in English), and its different realisations are analysed among Persian speakers. Through the analysis of authentic talk in interaction, this study aims to ponder nonstandard (situation-derived) meanings of the term mordan and its different SBUs. The primary focus of the study is on strings of linguistic events as well as the “conventions of usage” (Morgan 1978) or cultural understanding that may lead to standard and nonstandard meanings considering mordan and its different SBUs. The findings suggest that the SBUs regarding mordan, a neglected sociolinguistic context, not only is affected by its actual situational characteristics but also by prior context encoded in utterances used, which manifests culture-specific ways of thinking (Capone 2018; Wong 2010). Overall, 19 SBUs and 7 generic categories were identified with regard to the verb mordan in Persian. This paper exhibits that mordan is a versatile verb, which, when combined with situational/contextual factors, conveys different nonstandard functions that fulfil social needs. This study will also refer to linguistic features underlying SBUs that are influential in assigning various distinct meanings to the verb mordan in Persian.

Confirmatory Factor Analysis, Reliability, and Validity of the Persian Version of the Coping Strategies Questionnaire for Iranian People With Nonspecific Chronic Neck Pain

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to assess the reliability and construct validity of, and perform confirmatory factor analysis of, the Persian version of the Coping Strategies Questionnaire (CSQ) for Iranian people with nonspecific chronic neck pain. MethodsWe performed psychometric testing of the Persian version of the Coping Strategies Questionnaire. Participants were 123 native Persian speakers with chronic neck pain lasting at least 3 months. They were between 18 and 55 years old. The CSQ was administered by self-report. After 5 to 7 days, 94 participants completed the questionnaire in the retest session. Confirmatory factor analysis was done to assess the model fit (χ2 test, comparative fit index, and root-mean-square error of approximation) of the 7-factor solution of the Persian version of the CSQ. The Cronbach α was used for internal consistency; intraclass correlation coefficient, standard error of measurement, and minimal detectable change for reliability; and nonparametric tests of group differences and correlations for construct validity. To assess the construct validity, we examined the ability of the CSQ to discriminate people based on sex, level of education, and physical activity. Correlations with the Short Form Health Survey (SF-12), Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia, visual analog scale, Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire, Pain Catastrophizing Scale, and Neck Disability Index were also determined to test the validity. ResultsConfirmatory factor analysis measures—χ2 test, comparative fit index, and root-mean-square error of approximation—were 1.72, 0.76, and 0.07, respectively. Internal consistency was excellent (0.85). All intraclass correlation coefficients were above the acceptable level of 0.70, with the highest reliability obtained for the Praying subscale in both test and retest sessions. The standard error of measurement for the CSQ total score was 2.26, and the minimal detectable change was 6.25. The Cronbach α for the total score and for the subscales ranged from 0.75 to 0.93. Scores of the subscales of the CSQ and other questionnaires showed low correlation except for the physical component of the SF-12. The Catastrophizing subscale had a positive correlation with the Pain Catastrophizing Scale, Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia, Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire, and Neck Disability Index, and a negative correlation with the SF-12. ConclusionThe CSQ has acceptable and good measurement properties to assess coping strategies in Iranian people with nonspecific chronic neck pain. It is a reliable measure, though, for validity only The Catastrophizing subscale showed significant correlation with other scales, but the findings should be interpreted with caution because of the limitations of the study.

Investigating the effectiveness of a digital game-based task on the acquisition of word knowledge

This study investigates the probable effect of a digital game-based vocabulary learning (DGBVL) task on the acquisition of some components of a word knowledge framework. In so doing, 124 Persian speakers (56 males and 68 females) were randomly assigned to either a control or an experimental group. The experimental group participants completed a DGBVL task for acquiring ten low-frequent inanimate object names, or lexical nouns, by playing a commercial adventure game. The control group participants practiced the same words in a fill-in-the-blank vocabulary acquisition exercise. In brief, first, all participants sat for a word-checklist and a proficiency test; next, they completed their tasks, and three weeks later, all participants sat for eight achievement tests. In the achievement test booklet, participants’ knowledge of receptive, productive, recognition, and recall dimensions and scopes of meaning, orthography, and association were evaluated. The results revealed 1) the efficiency of the DGBVL task in enhancing the acquisition of these components, 2) the precedence of productive knowledge acquisition by the experimental group participants, 3) strong associations among the components acquired through DGBVL task assistance, and 4) gains in the components that were not associated with others due to the efficiency of DGBVL.

A Systematic Review of Compliments among Iranian Persian Speakers: Past, Present, and Future Directions

Compliments (Cs) and compliment responses have been a prevailing topic of study in pragmatics due to their pivotal role in effective intercultural and transcultural interactions. This paper provides a comprehensive survey of research on compliments in the Persian language conducted over almost about the past four decades. It summarizes key findings of compliments in the Persian language used by Iranian speakers of Persian, discusses the significance of these findings, and speculates the future directions of research on complimenting studies on Persian language. An extensive bibliographical search on studies on this particular area yielded a database of nine studies on Persian Cs for this systematic review. After a brief exploration of the background of compliment studies done by prominent scholars in other languages, we provide a working definition of compliments. We then examine studies to date of complimenting behavior in Persian, highlighting similarities and differences, and any emerging trends. We provide a synthesis of the research conducted in this area, the theoretical frameworks, and the methodologies used in different studies, including data collection and data analysis. Based on the review of previous studies, we speculate on some possible directions for future research in this area.

Epenthetic Vowels and Phonemic Vowels: Same or Different?

PurposeThis study was designed to further investigate epenthetic vowels produced by Persian second language speakers of English. Specifically, the purpose was to compare epenthetic and phonemic vowels to determine if acoustic differences existed or if the epenthetic vowels were quantitative “copies” of their phonemic counterparts.MethodTwenty Persian speakers each produced 120 target words. The target words were composed of two different double cluster compositions (obstruent + glide and obstruent + liquid) as well as obstruent + liquid triple clusters and obstruent + glide triple cluster combinations. The target words occurred in a phonetic environment that was either preceded by a consonant /t/ or occurred in isolation. This resulted in 2400 tokens. The tokens underwent Linear Predictive Coding to determine the F1 and F2 formant measurements as well as the durations of the epenthetic and phonemic vowels. Formants are the resonance of the vocal tract. F1 is the lowest-frequency formant while F2 is the next highest (Kent &amp; Read, 2002). Linear Predictive Coding allows for the acoustic signal to be represented spectrally for analysis.ResultsA total of 236 epenthetic voamp'wels and their phonemic counterparts were acoustically analyzed. The phonemic vowels were found to be significantly longer than the epenthetic vowels. The epenthetic vowels were also found to have significantly lower F1 values. As a group, the mean F2 values were not significantly different from the F2 values of the phonemic vowels. However, significant differences in F2 values were found when specific vowel comparisons were made.ConclusionsThe data indicate that prothetic epenthetic vowels are not copies of the phonemic vowels that they precede. They differ quantitatively in terms of durations, F1, and F2 values. The findings of this study coincide with the findings of other researchers concerning the acoustic characteristics of anaptyctic epenthetic vowels. These results indicate similarities between prothetic and anaptyctic epenthetic vowels.

Mobile Health Applications for Osteoporosis Support Available on the Market: A Systematic Review

Introduction: The use of mobile applications (apps) become widespread and Provide many benefits especially in healthcare. According to the World Health Organization, osteoporosis is one of the most common diseases of elderly in the world. Like other chronic conditions, disease self-management can prove fruitful. Using a mobile application for Osteoporosis can improve patient care and self-management by encouraging patients to take a more active role in their health.Material and Methods: This study presents a systematic review of mHealth applications, available on Google Play Store, Bazaar market (as a local market) and also Apple App Store, for both the English and Persian speakers. The assessment criteria, including content, visual aids, reminders, health warnings, social and design of selected apps, were tested during July 2019.Results: Reviewing the 19 included applications showed that the most and least focus of apps content was on exercise with 84% repetition and the osteoporosis fracture that no program addressed this issue separately. Findings on reminders, health warnings, and visual aids were not very encouraging (available in 11% apps). Reminders were more common in English-speaking apps than Persian-speaking ones, and Visual aids, one of the benefits of mobile apps over paper logbooks, were provided only in2 apps. The opportunity to share data in social networks was available in 26% of apps, and in the design section, most of the apps have no significant flaws, but 74% of cases did not provide any clear instructions required for the elderly.Conclusion:The review shows that there are rather few products on offer and the ones that are available display low quality, poor performance, and evidence-based information is also insufficiently used. Further efforts are required to collect data that will support the design of validated evidence-based educational functions for mHealth apps.

Developing a Persian Version of the Checklist of Pragmatic Behaviors and Assessing Its Psychometric Properties: A Preliminary Study

Objective: Pragmatic assessment is critical because of its effective role in social and academic success. It can provide early intervention if the evaluations are made early in childhood. In this regard, an appropriate tool is necessary for the pragmatic evaluation of preschool children in Iran. The checklist of pragmatic behaviors (CPB) is an observational tool for assessing pragmatics in children aged 3-5 years. This study aims to develop a Persian version of the CPB and evaluate its psychometric properties. Materials &amp; Methods: This is a methodological study conducted in 2018. The participants were 63 children in three age groups of 3, 4, and 5 years selected from kindergartens in Isfahan City, Iran, using a cluster sampling technique. The inclusion criteria were being 3-5 years old and Persian speaker. This study was conducted in two steps; translation and localization of the CPB to Persian and evaluating the validity and reliability of the Persian CPB. The studied variables were 25 pragmatic behaviors mentioned in the CPB. The test-retest reliability was estimated using 15 children (5 from each age group) in a 2-week interval. Scoring was based on the presence (verbal, nonverbal) or absence of the behavior. The internal consistency was estimated using the Cronbach α coefficient; discriminant validity was assessed concerning age, and criterion validity by measuring the CPB’s correlation with the ages and stages questionnaire (personal-social subscale) and the behavioral problem questionnaire. Nonparametric tests were used for factor analysis and estimating inter-rater agreement and test-retest reliability. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS 21 and AMOS applications. Results: The Persian CPB’s total score significantly increased with the increase of age (P≤0.001). Factor analysis reported four factors for the Persian CPB. Criterion validity evaluation showed the moderate significant correlation of the CPB (r=0.58) with the personal-social subscale of age and stages questionnaire (ASQ), and its weak negative significant correlation (r=-0.28) with the behavior problem questionnaire. A Cronbach α of 0.83 was obtained for internal consistency, and a correlation coefficient of 0.665 (P=0.007) was reported for test-retest reliability. Conclusion: The Persian version of the CPB has acceptable psychometric properties. The differences in some items of this version compared to other versions may be because of differences in culture and language.