Peroxide Nanoparticles Research Articles

Radially Electrospun Fibrous Membrane Incorporated with Copper Peroxide Nanodots Capable of Self-Catalyzed Chemodynamic Therapy for Angiogenesis and Healing Acceleration of Diabetic Wounds.

Vascular dysfunction severely hinders the healing process of diabetic wounds. Therefore, a radially structured fibrous membrane was fabricated through electrospinning by using a polycaprolactone (PCL) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) mixed solution containing copper peroxide nanoparticles (CPs) as the chemodynamic therapy (CDT) agents, aiming to simultaneously accelerate tissue regeneration and angiogenesis. The fabricated membrane allowed for the in situ H2O2 generation activated by the acidic diabetic microenvironment and the subsequent Fenton-type reactions to realize 99.4% elimination against Staphylococcus aureus. Besides, the released Cu2+ ions significantly enhanced the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and they showed enhanced in vitro angiogenesis. Interestingly, the CP-embedded membrane also guided cell spreading and orientated migration of L929 fibroblasts along the fiber distribution through the radially aligned topology. The in vivo implantation indicated that the raidally structured membrane modified by CPs not only dramatically accelerated wound healing of diabetic Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats in 14 days but also promoted angiogenesis in wound sites. The combination of the in situ CDT with the radially structured morphology of the functional membrane is highly promising in applications to promote diabetic wound healing through anti-infection and revascularization.

Electrochemical Sensing of Zinc Oxide and Peroxide Nanoparticles: Modification with Meso-tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl) Porphyrin

An electrochemical method was developed to investigate the redox properties of zinc oxide (ZnO), zinc peroxide (ZnO2), and sodium-doped zinc peroxide (Na-ZnO2) nanoparticles. The intention was to distinguish the identity of these nanoparticles among themselves, and from other transition metal oxide nanoparticles (TMONPs). Analysis of 3 mM sodium metabisulfite by cyclic voltammetry (CV) produced anodic/cathodic peak currents that are linearly related to the mass of deposited nanoparticles. A graphite working electrode was essential to the oxidation of metabisulfite. ZnO nanoparticles were crucial to the enhancement of metabisulfite oxidation current, and PPy coating could suppress the current enhancement by covering all nanoparticle surfaces. Furthermore, meso-tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl) porphyrin was demonstrated to be a good chemical reagent that facilitates the differentiation of ZnO from ZnO2 and nanoparticles by CV analysis.

Equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamics studies for adsorption of tartaric acid by calcium peroxide nanoparticles

Equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamics studies for adsorption of tartaric acid by calcium peroxide nanoparticles

Development of the Cu/ZIF-8 MOF Acid-Sensitive Nanocatalytic Platform Capable of Chemo/Chemodynamic Therapy with Improved Anti-Tumor Efficacy.

Recently, the combination of chemotherapy and chemodynamic therapy (CDT) has become a desirable strategy in the treatment of cancer. However, a satisfactory therapeutic outcome is often difficult to achieve due to the deficiency of endogenous H2O2 and O2 in the tumor microenvironment. In this study, a CaO2@DOX@Cu/ZIF-8 nanocomposite was prepared as a novel nanocatalytic platform to enable the combination of chemotherapy and CDT in cancer cells. The anticancer drug doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) was loaded onto calcium peroxide (CaO2) nanoparticles (NPs) to form CaO2@DOX, which was then encapsulated in a copper zeolitic imidazole ester MOF (Cu/ZIF-8) to form CaO2@DOX@Cu/ZIF-8 NPs. In the mildly acidic tumor microenvironment, CaO2@DOX@Cu/ZIF-8 NPs rapidly disintegrated, releasing CaO2, which reacted with water to generate H2O2 and O2 in the tumor microenvironment. The ability of CaO2@DOX@Cu/ZIF-8 NPs to combine chemotherapy and CDT was assessed by conducting cytotoxicity, living dead staining, cellular uptakes, H&E staining, and TUNEL assays in vitro and in vivo. The combination of chemotherapy and CDT of CaO2@DOX@Cu/ZIF-8 NPs had a more favorable tumor suppression effect than the nanomaterial precursors, which were not capable of the combined chemotherapy/CDT.

In Situ Fabrication of Silver Peroxide Hybrid Ultrathin Co-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks for Enhanced Chemodynamic Antibacterial Therapy.

Bacterial-induced infectious diseases have always caused an unavoidable problem and lead to an increasing threat to human health. Hence, there is an urgent need for effective antibacterial strategies to treat infectious diseases. Current methods are often ineffective and require large amounts of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), with harmful effects on normal healthy tissue. Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) provides an ideal infection microenvironment (IME)-activated paradigm to tackle bacterial-related diseases. To take full advantage of the specificity of IME and enhanced CDT for wounds with bacterial infection, we have designed an intelligent antibacterial system that exploits nanocatalytic ZIF-67@Ag2O2 nanosheets. In this system, silver peroxide nanoparticles (Ag2O2 NPs) were grown on ultrathin zeolitic imidazolate framework-67 (ZIF-67) nanosheets by in situ oxidation, and then, ZIF-67@Ag2O2 nanosheets with the ability to self-generate H2O2 were triggered by the mildly acidic environment of IME. Lamellar ZIF-67 nanosheets were shown to rapidly degrade and release Co2+, allowing the conversion of less reactive H2O2 into the highly toxic reactive oxygen species hydroxyl radicals (•OH) for enhanced CDT antibacterial properties. In vivo results revealed that the ZIF-67@Ag2O2 nanosheet system exhibits excellent antibacterial performance against both Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria. The proposed hybrid strategy demonstrates a promising therapeutic strategy to enable antibacterial agents with IME-responsive nanocatalytic activity to circumvent antibiotic resistance against bacterial infections.

Taxonomic and functional diversity of bacterial communities of agriculture soil exposed to zinc peroxide nanoparticles (nZnO2)

Zinc peroxide nanoparticles (nZnO2) have interesting physicochemical properties for multiple industrial applications. Due to their wide use, their direct or indirect release and accumulation in soil represent a potential risk for microbial communities, among others. However, no reports have been found on their potential ecological risks in their soil-fate environment. Thus, this study evaluates the effect of nZnO2 on taxonomic and functional diversity of bacterial communities (BC) of agriculture soil. For this purpose, the soil was exposed to three concentrations of nZnO2 (10, 100 and 1000 mg/kg of soil) in microcosms that were evaluated after 15 and 30 days. The taxonomic and functional diversity of the BC was determined using amplicon sequencing (16S rRNA), physiological profiles (CLPP) and enzymatic activity. Exposure to low concentrations of nZnO2 (up to 100 mg/kg soil) on days 15 and 30 led to an increase of taxonomic diversity, while at 1000 mg/kg nZnO2, taxonomic and functional diversity were reduced in both exposure times. At day 30 (1000 mg/kg nZnO2), a significant impact on taxonomic diversity was manifested by (i) reduction in relative abundance of approximately 40 taxonomic groups, mainly from Rhizobiales, Azospirillales (Pseudomonadota, synonym: Proteobacteria) and increase in relative abundance of Lachnospirales (Bacillota, synonym: Firmicutes), Bacteroidales (Bacteroidota, synomym: Bacteroidetes) and others; (ii) reduction in metabolism of amino acids and amines/amides; and (iii) increase in dehydrogenase and urease activities with respect to the controls. These findings may indicate that the accumulation of large concentrations of nZnO2 in soil would negatively affect the soil biological functions, due to changes in the taxonomic and functional diversity of its BC, whereas low concentrations would likely promote them.

Abstract 6408: Anti-tumor immunity evolved by novel titanium peroxide nanoparticles (TiOxNPs) as a radiosensitizer and PD-1 blockade

Abstract Abstract: Release and presentation of tumor antigens are the preconditions of cellular immune response. Radiotherapy have been reported to release endogenous tumor antigens and enhanced the adjuvanticity from dying cancer cells via endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, known as immunogenic cell death. We developed a novel radiotherapy using radiosensitizer (TiOxNPs) that could drive effective anti-tumor responses. The TiOxNPs were robustly radiation-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. This burst therapy could enhance to release and presentation of endogenous tumor antigens, subsequently cross-presentation of antigens by Dendritic cells (DCs) for T-cell activation in secondary lymphoid organs (SLO). Methods: B16-F10 murine melanoma cells (5 × 105) were subcutaneously injected into the right flank of C57BL/6J respectively. Mice were divided into five treatment groups: 1) untreated; 2) XRT; 3) XRT+ TiOxNPs; 4) XRT+anti-PD-1Ab; and 5) XRT+ TiOxNPs +anti-PD-1Ab. B16-F10 tumors were intratumorally injected with TiOxNPs (8mg/kg) on days 10 and received 5Gy or 10Gy X-ray radiation approximately 1 hour after the injection. Anti-PD-1 antibody (200µg) intraperitoneally administered to the mice on the first day of X-ray irradiation, days 13 and 16. The tumor volume were assessed every 2-3 days after treatment. Mice were sacrificed after days 17 and isolated spleen and tumor. Results: TiOxNPs acted as a potent radiosensitizer, which enhanced cytotoxic ROS-mediated cell death. This combination effect could not only a local treatment that directly kills cancer cells but also could enhance the adjuvanticity from dying cancer cells by DAMPs, and significantly upregulate expression of MHC class I on tumor cells. Treatment of B16-F10 melanoma tumor model with burst therapy resulted in tumor shrinkage and extended overall survival. Burst therapy facilitated the recruitment and maturation of DCs into SLO, and improved antigen presentation to naive T cells. Infiltration into the tumor site of CTL were correlated with increasing of migration DCs into SLO. Conclusion: A novel radiotherapy combining with TiOxNPs played an important role in release of endogenous tumor antigens and DAMPs. The upregulation of MHC class I expression on tumor cells after X-ray irradiation facilitated the recognition of the tumor cells by T cells, leading to significantly enhanced antitumor immune response compared to exisiting immunoradiotherapy. This novel nanoparticles exposed to X-ray irradiation could trigger of antigen-specific immune responses and transform a tumor into a site for activation of antitumor immune response. Citation Format: Yoshiko Fujita, Hikaru Kubota, Chiaki Ogino, Ryohei Sasaki. Anti-tumor immunity evolved by novel titanium peroxide nanoparticles (TiOxNPs) as a radiosensitizer and PD-1 blockade [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 6408.

Abstract 2837: A novel radiosensitizer of titanium peroxide nanoparticles (TiOxNPs) through continuous ROS generation

Abstract Background: Metal nanoparticles have been proposed as potential radiosensitizers. Among those, titanium nanoparticles are attractive candidates for application as radiosensitizers. We have newly established and evaluated titanium peroxide nanoparticles (TiOxNPs). The TiOxNPs are generated from titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs), manufactured via direct reaction of TiO2NPs with hydrogen peroxide. Distinguished characteristics of the TiOxNPs are continuous generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by X-ray irradiation. Bio-availabilities and safety was previously reported (Nanoparticles, 2020; 10(6): 1125). Materials and Methods: Characteristics of TiOxNPs were determined following experiments. Dynamic light scattering analysis was used to measure the diameter and Z-potential of the NPs. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) observation revealed the detailed topology of the NPs. X-ray irradiation was performed using the X-ray generator at a voltage of 150 kV and a current of 5 mA with a 1-mm thick aluminum filter in vitro and in vivo. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was evaluated using human pancreatic cancer cells, named MIAPaCa-2. The cells were stained with 50 μM carboxy-20,70-dichlorofluorescein (C-H2DCF) incubated for 45 min, and then stained with Hoechst for nuclear staining. The degree of fluorescence of C-H2DCF was detected using the fluorescence microscope. To evaluate cytotoxic effects of TiOxNPs, a colony-formation assay was performed. For xenograft experiments, the MIAPaCa-2 cells (2 x 106 cells) were injected subcutaneously into the hind legs of the BALB/cAJcl nude mice. Once the tumor volume reached 100-200 mm3, mice were randomly assigned into six groups: the control group, TiOxNPs alone, 5 Gy alone, and TiOxNPs combined with 5 Gy. Tumor size, body weight, and health condition of all mice were followed every two to three days for 55 days post-treatment. Results: Primary particles smaller than 10 nm gathered and formed secondary particles that were approximately 50 nm in diameter, and their Z-potential was -30 mV. TEM observation revealed the detailed topology of the NPs. The TiOxNPs enhanced H2O2 production more than 7-folds compared to X-ray irradiation alone in MIA PaCa-2 cells. In xenografts, combination effects of the TiOxNPs and X-ray irradiation were significantly greater than X-ray irradiation (5 Gy) alone. Conclusions: The TiOxNPs revealed to be powerful radiosensitizers in pancreatic cancer model. Clinical tests are warranted to clarify the application of TiOxNPs in the nearest future. Citation Format: Ryohei Sasaki, Hiroaki Akasaka, Masao Nakayama, Yoshiko Fujita, Hikaru Kubota, Kenta Morita, Mennaallah Hassan, Mohammed Salah, Yuya Nishimura, Naritoshi Mukumoto, Takeaki Ishihara, Daisuke Miyawaki, Chiaki Ogino. A novel radiosensitizer of titanium peroxide nanoparticles (TiOxNPs) through continuous ROS generation [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 2837.

Application prospect of calcium peroxide nanoparticles in biomedical field

Abstract In recent years, calcium peroxide (CaO2) has attracted widespread attention in the medical community due to its excellent antitumor and antibacterial properties, and has gradually become a hot research topic in the biomedical field. CaO2 reacts with water (H2O) to produce calcium ion (Ca2+), oxygen (O2), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), where Ca2+ is suitable for calcium death caused by calcium overload, O2 is suitable for O2-dependent anticancer therapy, and H2O2 is suitable for H2O2-dependent anticancer therapy. In addition, H2O2 can also be used in the antibacterial field to treat bacterial infections. All these make the CaO2 to become a kind of excellent antitumor and antibacterial drug. This study mainly reviews the preparation and surface modification of CaO2, probes into the latest progress about CaO2 nanoparticles in the field of tumor treatment and antimicrobial therapy. Finally, the challenges that CaO2 still faces in the future research field are clarified, and its prospects are forecasted.

Synthesis of Calcium Peroxide Nanoparticles with Starch as a Stabilizer for the Degradation of Organic Dye in an Aqueous Solution

One of the most significant environmental problems in the world is the massive release of dye wastewater from the dyeing industry. Therefore, the treatment of dyes effluents has received significant attention from researchers in recent years. Calcium peroxide (CP) from the group of alkaline earth metal peroxides acts as an oxidizing agent for the degradation of organic dyes in water. It is known that the commercially available CP has a relatively large particle size, which makes the reaction rate for pollution degradation relatively slow. Therefore, in this study, starch, a non-toxic, biodegradable and biocompatible biopolymer, was used as a stabilizer for synthesizing calcium peroxide nanoparticles (Starch@CPnps). The Starch@CPnps were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET), dynamic light scattering (DLS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The degradation of organic dyes, methylene blue (MB), using Starch@CPnps as a novel oxidant was studied using three different parameters: initial pH of the MB solution, calcium peroxide initial dosage and contact time. The degradation of the MB dye was carried out via a Fenton reaction, and the degradation efficiency of Starch@CPnps was successfully achieved up to 99%. This study shows that the potential application of starch as a stabilizer can reduce the size of the nanoparticles as it prevents the agglomeration of the nanoparticles during synthesis.

Ultrasound activatable microneedles for bilaterally augmented sono-chemodynamic and sonothermal antibacterial therapy.

Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) employs Fenton catalysts to kill bacteria by converting hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) into toxic hydroxyl radical (•OH). Among them, Fenton-type metal peroxide nanoparticles fascinate nanomaterials with intriguing physiochemical properties, but research on this antibacterial agent is still in its infancy. Herein, a distinct CuO2/TiO2 heterostructure constituted of ultrasmall copper peroxide (CuO2) nanoclusters and sonosensitized ultrathin oxygen vacancy-rich porous titanium oxide (OV-TiO2) nanosheets was developed and was incorporated into microneedles for bilaterally augmented sono-chemodynamic and sonothermal antibacterial therapy. Engineering CuO2 nanoclusters on the surface of TiO2 nanosheets not only endows the Fenton catalytic activity for sono-chemodynamic therapy (SCDT), but also improves the sonodynamic and sonothermal performance of TiO2 by narrowing the bandgap of TiO2 and suppressing the recombination of electron-hole pairs. The high efficacy of this CuO2/TiO2 integrated microneedle (CTMN) patch was systematically demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo with the eliminating rate >99.9999% against multidrug resistant (MDR) pathogens in 5min as well as accelerated wound tissue healing. This work highlights a promisingly new and efficient strategy for the development of sonosensitive and chemoreactive nanomedicine for non-antibiotic therapies. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Feton-type metal peroxides, a novel nanomaterial with self-supplied oxygen and hydrogen peroxide, can achieve effective antimicrobial activity in vitro. However, there is a lack of effective nanomaterial delivery systems and suitable means for in vivo activation/enhancement of antimicrobial activity during bacterial infected skin wound treatment. In this study, we designed and prepared efficient ultrasound activable microneedles that effectively addressed the deficiencies mentioned above and established a new paradigm for efficient utilization of metal peroxide nanomaterials and ultrasound based strategies. Noticeably, copper peroxide nanoclusters/oxygen vacancy-rich porous titanium oxide nanosheets (CuO2/TiO2) integrated microneedle (CTMN) patch combines advantages of both sono-chemodynamic and sonothermal antibacterial therapy, achieving one of the most instant and effective antibacterial efficacy (>99.9999% in 5min) in vivo reported till now.

Antibacterial and Anti-Acne Activity of Benzoyl Peroxide Nanoparticles Incorporated in Lemongrass Oil Nanoemulgel.

The goal of this study was to make Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO) nanoemulgel to improve its ability to kill bacteria. BPO has trouble getting into the skin, being absorbed by the skin, staying stable, and being spread out. A BPO nanoemulgel formulation was prepared by combining BPO nanoemulsion with Carbopol hydrogel. The drug was tested for solubility in various oils and surfactants in order to select the best oil and surfactant for the drug, and then the drug nanoemulsion formulation was prepared using a self-nano-emulsifying technique with Tween 80, Span 80, and lemongrass oil. The drug nanoemulgel was looked at in terms of its particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), rheological behavior, drug release, and antimicrobial activity. Based on the solubility test results, lemongrass oil was the best solubilizing oil for drugs, while Tween 80 and Span 80 demonstrated the highest solubilizing ability for drugs among the surfactants. The optimum self-nano-emulsifying formulation had particle sizes of less than 200 nm and a PDI of close to zero. The results showed that incorporating the SNEDDS formulation of the drug with Carbopol at various concentrations did not cause a significant change in the particle size and PDI of the drug. The zeta potential results for drug nanoemulgel were negative, with more than 30 mV. All nanoemulgel formulations exhibited pseudo-plastic behavior, with 0.4% Carbopol exhibiting the highest release pattern. The drug nanoemulgel formulation worked better against bacteria and acne than the product on the market. Nanoemulgel is a promising way to deliver BPO because it makes the drug more stable and increases its ability to kill bacteria.

Effective Removal of Glyphosate from Aqueous Systems Using Synthesized PEG-Coated Calcium Peroxide Nanoparticles: Kinetics Study, H2O2 Release Performance and Degradation Pathways.

Glyphosate (N-phosphonomethyl glycine) is a non-selective, broad-spectrum organophosphate herbicide. Its omnipresent application with large quantity has made glyphosate as a problematic contaminant in water. Therefore, an effective technology is urgently required to remove glyphosate and its metabolites from water. In this study, calcium peroxide nanoparticles (nCPs) were functioned as an oxidant to produce sufficient hydroxyl free radicals (·OH) with the presence of Fe2+ as a catalyst using a Fenton-based system. The nCPs with small particle size (40.88 nm) and high surface area (28.09 m2/g) were successfully synthesized via a co-precipitation method. The synthesized nCPs were characterized using transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis (BET), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) techniques. Under the given conditions (pH = 3.0, initial nCPs dosage = 0.2 g, Ca2+/Fe2+ molar ratio = 6, the initial glyphosate concentration = 50 mg/L, RT), 99.60% total phosphorus (TP) removal and 75.10% chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal were achieved within 75 min. The degradation process fitted with the Behnajady-Modirshahla-Ghanbery (BMG) kinetics model. The H2O2 release performance and proposed degradation pathways were also reported. The results demonstrated that calcium peroxide nanoparticles are an efficient oxidant for glyphosate removal from aqueous systems.

Sprayed PAA-CaO2 nanoparticles combined with calcium ions and reactive oxygen species for antibacterial and wound healing.

The most common socioeconomic healthcare issues in clinical are burns, surgical incisions and other skin injuries. Skin lesion healing can be achieved with nanomedicines and other drug application techniques. This study developed a nano-spray based on cross-linked amorphous calcium peroxide (CaO2) nanoparticles of polyacrylic acid (PAA) for treating skin wounds (PAA-CaO2 nanoparticles). CaO2 serves as a 'drug' precursor, steadily and continuously releasing calcium ions (Ca2+) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) under mildly acidic conditions, while PAA-CaO2 nanoparticles exhibited good spray behavior in aqueous form. Tests demonstrated that PAA-CaO2 nanoparticles exhibited low cytotoxicity and allowed L929 cells proliferation and migration in vitro. The effectiveness of PAA-CaO2 nanoparticles in promoting wound healing and inhibiting bacterial growth in vivo was assessed in SD rats using full-thickness skin defect and Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus)-infected wound models based thereon. The results revealed that PAA-CaO2 nanoparticles demonstrated significant advantages in both aspects. Notably, the infected rats' skin defects healed in 12 days. The benefits are linked to the functional role of Ca2+ coalesces with H2O2 as known antibacterial and healing-promoted agents. Therefore, we developed nanoscale PAA-CaO2 sprays to prevent bacterial development and heal skin lesions.

Electrospun Nano‐CaO2/Polycaprolactone/Gelatin Nanofibers and Their Wound Healing Application through In Situ Supplying H2O2

AbstractSkin is highly susceptible to foreign pathogens when damaged. Infections usually lead to serious damage to wounds and hinder wound healing, which results in nonhealing and inflammation of the wounds. Herein, a kind of fibrous membrane incorporated with calcium peroxide nanoparticles (n‐CaO2) is fabricated by electrospinning the polymer blend solution of polycaprolactone and gelatin. The obtained membranes show a randomly distributed nanofibrous structure with n‐CaO2 particles embedded in each fiber. Such a structure endows the membranes with medium hydrophilicity and improves blood clotting in comparison with the commonly used gauze, while the loading of n‐CaO2 achieves the in situ generation and rapid release of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), enabling FM‐10 to display a robust bacteria inhibition of over 90% elimination to E. coli. The in vitro cytocompatibility experiment on the fibrous membranes demonstrates low cytotoxicity to L929 fibroblasts. The in vivo assessment indicates that the fibrous membranes can distinctly accelerate the wound healing, of which FM‐5 exhibits the highest wound closure rate (>95%) after 14 days. This study provides a versatile approach, simply by varying the loading dosage of n‐CaO2 into fiber matrix, to fulfill different functions to meet the multiple needs of wound care.

Tumor extracellular matrix-targeted nanoscavengers reverse suppressive microenvironment for cocktail therapy

Extracellular matrix (ECM) is not only a natural bulwark to shield solid tumor cells from therapeutic agents and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), but also one of the key factors that cause tumor hypoxic environment, severely hindering photodynamic reactions and immune responses. In this work, multifunctional nanoscavengers (ECMT NS) consisting of digestive enzyme chymotrypsin, catalase, calcium peroxide nanoparticles, photosensitizer chlorin e6, and tumor ECM-targeting CLT1 peptide are rationally designed with several benefits for enhanced cocktail calcium ion/photodynamic/immune therapy. The scavengers can effectively “clear” tumor ECM via digestive proteolytic enzyme- and reactive oxygen species-mediated pathways, deepening tumor penetration of the scavengers and CTLs. Thanks to the ECM destruction and oxygen self-supply capability of ECMT NS, the hypoxia in tumors is attenuated, thus improving photodynamic therapeutic efficiency and downregulating immunosuppressive factors. Moreover, the combination of calcium ion overload and photodynamic therapy enriches damage-associated molecular patterns, which promotes CTL activation to inhibit abscopal tumor growth and lung metastasis. The presented ECM destruction strategy provides a solution to overcome the tumor suppressive microenvironment.

Sorafenib-Loaded Copper Peroxide Nanoparticles with Redox Balance Disrupting Capacity for Enhanced Chemodynamic Therapy against Tumor Cells

Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) is a promising hydroxyl radical (•OH)-mediated tumor therapeutic method with desirable tumor specificity and minimal side effects. However, the efficiency of CDT is restricted by the pH condition, insufficient H2O2 level, and overexpressed reductive glutathione (GSH), making it challenging to solve these problems simultaneously to improve the efficacy of CDT. Herein, a kind of polyvinylpyrrolidone-stabilized, sorafenib-loaded copper peroxide (CuO2-PVP-SRF) nanoparticle (NPs) was designed and developed for enhanced CDT against tumor cells through the synergetic pH-independent Fenton-like, H2O2 self-supplying, and GSH depletion strategy. The prepared CuO2-PVP-SRF NPs can be uptaken by 4T1 cells to specifically release Cu2+, H2O2, and SRF under acidic conditions. The intracellular GSH can be depleted by SRF-induced system xc- dysfunction and Cu2+-participated redox reaction, causing the inactivation of GPX4 and generating Cu+. A great amount of •OH was produced in this reducing capacity-disrupted condition by the Cu+-mediated Fenton-like reaction, causing cell apoptosis and lipid hydroperoxide accumulation-induced ferroptosis. They display an excellent 4T1 cell killing outcome through the improved •OH production capacity. The CuO2-PVP-SRF NPs display elevated therapeutic efficiency of CDT and show good promise in further tumor treatment applications.

Synthesis of Controlled-Release Calcium Peroxide Nanoparticles Coated with Dextran for Removal of Doxycycline from Aqueous System.

Nanoscale calcium peroxide (nCP) has turned out to be one of the effective and environmentally friendly approaches for wastewater remediation purposes. The rapid hydrolysis of nCPs and burst oxygen release caused by the high surface-to-volume ratio of nCPs could surpass the appropriate demand for oxygenation and pollutant degradation in the aqueous system. Thus, coated oxidants (COs) have been prepared using polymeric materials to ensure long-term efficacy and slow-release capability. Therefore, the nCPs were first prepared using dextran as a stabilizer to prevent irreversible agglomeration by the chemical precipitation method and had an average mean size of 2.33 ± 0.81 nm. The synthesized nCPs were then coated with dextran to produce dextran-coated nCPs. Their characteristics and effectiveness in doxycycline (DOX) degradation were assessed. The characterization of nCPs and dextran-coated nCPs was performed using X-ray diffractometry (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Brunauer, Emmett and Teller analysis (BET), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) techniques. This work suggests that dextran-coated nCPs are beneficial in wastewater treatment practice in terms of the long-term efficacy of DOX degradation potential.

Hyaluronic acid coated mesoporous carbon-copper peroxide for H2O2 self-supplying and near-infrared responsive multi-mode breast cancer oncotherapy

It is challenging to develop the synergistic intelligent therapeutic nanoplatform to cure cancer. In the present study, a novel nanotherapeutic platform was constructed for H2O2 self-supplying and multimodal breast cancer therapy. In which, copper peroxide nanoparticles (CP NPs) were adsorbed on the surface of mesoporous carbon nanospheres (MCN) through electrostatic attraction, followed by loading doxorubicin (DOX) into the nanocomposite (MCN-CP) and coating hyaluronic acid (HA) on the surface, the DOX/MCN-CP-HA nanoplatform was obtained. In the system, the MCN not only possessed a high DOX loading capacity, but produced excellent photothermal therapy (PTT) effect. Importantly, the ultra-small CP NPs as the Fenton agent not only could selectively self-supplying H2O2 in acidic condition, but simultaneously release Cu2+ to catalyze the production of ·OH in the presence of H2O2. Meantime, the resulting Cu2+ possessed GSH-elimination property, which afforded enhanced chemodynamic therapy (CDT). Furthermore, the outer layer HA targeted to CD44 and achieved breast cancer cell targeting. The elevated temperature from PTT and acidic tumor microenvironment accelerated the release of DOX, which enabled DOX/MCN-CP-HA as an intelligent CDT-PTT-chemotherapy synergistic nanoplatform. In vitro and in vivo pharmacodynamic evaluations confirmed the potential of the nanoplatform for CDT-PTT-chemotherapy synergistic oncotherapy of breast cancer.

Antifungal Activity Changes of Zinc Oxide and Zinc Peroxide Nanoparticles

Antifungal Activity Changes of Zinc Oxide and Zinc Peroxide Nanoparticles