Peroxidation Of Linoleic Acid Emulsion Research Articles

Antioxidant activity of caffeic acid (3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid)

Caffeic acid (3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid) is among the major hydroxycinnamic acids present in wine; sinapic acid, which is a potent antioxidant. It has also been identified as one of the active antioxidant. In the present study, the antioxidant properties of the caffeic acid were evaluated by using different in vitro antioxidant assays such as 2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl free radical (DPPH ) scavenging, total antioxidant activity by ferric thiocyanate method, total reductive capability using the potassium ferricyanide reduction method, superoxide anion radical scavenging and metal chelating activities. α-Tocopherol, trolox, a water-soluble analogue of tocopherol, butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) were used as the reference antioxidant compounds. At the concentrations of 10 and 30 μg/mL, caffeic acid showed 68.2 and 75.8% inhibition on lipid peroxidation of linoleic acid emulsion, respectively. On the other hand, 20 μg/mL of standard antioxidant such as BHA, BHT, α-tocopherol and trolox indicated an inhibition of 74.4, 71.2, 54.7 and 20.1% on peroxidation of linoleic acid emulsion, respectively. In addition, caffeic acid is an effective ABTS + scavenging, DPPH scavenging, superoxide anion radical scavenging, total reducing power and metal chelating on ferrous ions activities.

Screening of antiradical and antioxidant activity of monodesmosides and crude extract from Leontice smirnowii tuber

Leontice smirnowii is a member of the Berberidaceae family. In the current study we investigated the possible antiradical and antioxidant activity of the monodesmosides (MLS) and crude extract (CELS) of Leontice smirnowii using different antioxidant tests: 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging, scavenging of superoxide anion radical-generated non-enzymatic system, ferric thiocyanate (FTC) method, reducing power, hydrogen peroxide scavenging and metal chelating activities. Experiment revealed that MLS and CELS have an antioxidant effect concentration-dependently. Total antioxidant activity was performed according to FTC method. At the 30mug/ml concentration, the inhibition effects of MLS and CELS on peroxidation of linoleic acid emulsion were found to be 95.3% and 95.6%, respectively. On the other hand, percentage inhibition of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), alpha-tocopherol and trolox were found to be 98.2%, 98.5%, 84.0% and 87.9% inhibition of peroxidation of linoleic acid emulsion, respectively, at the same concentration. In addition, MLS and CELS had effective DPPH radical scavenging, superoxide anion radical scavenging, hydrogen peroxide scavenging, reducing power and metal chelating activities. Also, these various antioxidant activities were compared with BHA, BHT, alpha-tocopherol and trolox which were accepted as references antioxidants.

Antiradical and antioxidant activity of total anthocyanins from Perilla pankinensis decne

The purpose of this work comprise the assessment of the antioxidant activity of total anthocyanins from Perilla pankinensis samples (TAPP) by different analytical methods: 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH ) free radical scavenging, total antioxidant activity, total reducing activity, superoxide anion radical scavenging, hydrogen peroxide scavenging and metal chelating activities. Total antioxidant activity was measured according to ferric thiocyanate method. α-Tocopherol and trolox, which water-soluble analogue of tocopherol were used as references antioxidant compounds. At the concentrations of 30 and 45 μg/mL, TAPP showed 91.9 and 96.4% inhibition on lipid peroxidation of linoleic acid emulsion, respectively. In comparison, 45 μg/mL of standard antioxidant such as α-tocopherol and trolox exhibited 88.8 and 86.2% inhibition on peroxidation of linoleic acid emulsion, respectively. In addition, TAPP have found effective on DPPH scavenging, superoxide anion radical and hydrogen peroxide scavenging, total reducing power and metal chelating on ferrous ions activities. Also, these various antioxidant effects were compared to α-tocopherol and trolox.

Evaluation of antioxidant activity of cornelian cherry (Cornus Mas L.)

In present study, water extract of cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) (WECM) was studied for antioxidant properties. The antioxidant properties of WECM were evaluated using different antioxidant tests, including reducing power, free radical scavenging, superoxide anion radical scavenging, hydrogen peroxide scavenging, and metal chelating activities. These properties may be the major reason for the inhibition of lipid peroxidation. The concentration of 20, 40 and 60 µg ml-1 of WECM showed 75.8, 93.4 and 97.5% inhibition on peroxidation of linoleic acid emulsion, respectively. On the other hand, 60 µg ml-1 of standard antioxidants such as BHA, BHT and a-tocopherol exhibited 96.5, 99.2 and 61.1% inhibition on peroxidation of linoleic acid emulsion, respectively. In addition, the WECM had effective reducing power, free radical scavenging, superoxide anion radical scavenging, hydrogen peroxide scavenging, and metal chelating activities at the same concentrations (20, 40, and 60 µg ml-1). Those various antioxidan...

The antioxidant and radical scavenging activities of black pepper (Piper nigrum) seeds

Water and ethanol crude extracts from black pepper (Piper nigrum) were investigated for their antioxidant and radical scavenging activities in six different assay, namely, total antioxidant activity, reducing power, 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging, superoxide anion radical scavenging, hydrogen peroxide scavenging, and metal chelating activities. Both water extract (WEBP) and ethanol extract (EEBP) of black pepper exhibited strong total antioxidant activity. The 75 µg/ml concentration of WEBP and EEBP showed 95.5% and 93.3% inhibition on peroxidation of linoleic acid emulsion, respectively. On the other hand, at the same concentration, standard antioxidants such as butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and α-tocopherol exhibited 92.1%, 95.0%, and 70.4% inhibition on peroxidation of linoleic acid emulsion, respectively. Also, total phenolic content in both WEBP and EEBP were determined as gallic acid equivalents. The total phenolics content of water and ethanol extracts were determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu procedure and 54.3 and 42.8 µg gallic acid equivalent of phenols was detected in 1 mg WEBP and EEBP.

Determination of in Vitro Antioxidant and Radical Scavenging Activities of Propofol

Propofol (2,6-diisopropylphenol) is a hypnotic intravenous agent with in vivo antioxidant properties. This study was undertaken to examine the in vitro antioxidant activity of propofol using different antioxidant tests including by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH.) radical scavenging, metal chelating, hydrogen peroxide scavenging, superoxide anion radical scavenging, reducing power and total antioxidant activities. At the concentrations of 25, 50, and 75 microg/ml, propofol exhibited 97.7, 98.6 and 100% inhibition on peroxidation of linoleic acid emulsion, respectively. On the other hand, at the 75 microg/ml concentration of standard antioxidants such as butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and alpha-tocopherol exhibited 88.7, 94.5, and 70.4% inhibition on peroxidation of linoleic acid emulsion, respectively. In addition, at same concentrations, propofol was shown that it had effective reducing power, DPPH. free radical scavenging, superoxide anion radical scavenging, hydrogen peroxide scavenging and metal chelating activities. These various antioxidant activities were compared to standard antioxidants such as BHA, BHT and alpha-tocopherol. These results indicate that propofol prevents lipid peroxidation and radicalic chain reactions. At the same time, propofol revealed more effective antioxidant capacity than BHA, BHT and alpha-tocopherol.

Determination of Antioxidant Activity of Marshmallow Flower (Althaea officinalis L.)

The antioxidant properties of marshmallow (Althaea officinalis L., Fam. Malvaceae) ethanolic extract was evaluated using different antioxidant tests, including reducing power, free radical scavenging, superoxide anion radical scavenging, and metal chelating activities. The extract of marshmallow (A. officinalis L.) exhibited strong total antioxidant activity. The concentration of 50, 100, and 250 µg/mL of ethanol extract of marshmallow (A. officinalis L.) showed 85.5%, 91.2%, and 96.4% inhibition on peroxidation of linoleic acid emulsion, respectively. On the other hand, 100 µg/mL of standard antioxidant such as butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), and α‐tocopherol exhibited 94.5%, 99.1%, and 80% inhibition on peroxidation of linoleic acid emulsion, respectively. The extract of marshmallow (A. officinalis L.) had effective reducing power, free radical scavenging, superoxide anion radical scavenging, and metal chelating activities at same concentration (50, 100, and 250 µg/mL). Those various antioxidant activities were compared with standard antioxidants such as BHA, BHT, and α‐tocopherol.

Screening of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Caesalpinia bonducella Flem., leaves (Caesalpiniaceae)

The study was aimed at evaluating the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of methanol extract of Caesalpinia bonducella leaves (MECB) (Family: Caesalpiniaceae). The effect of MECB on antioxidant activity, reducing power, free radical scavenging (DPPH radical, nitric oxide radical, superoxide anion radical, hydroxyl radical and hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging), total phenolic content and antimicrobial activities were studied. The antioxidant activity of MECB increased in a dose dependent manner. About 50, 100, 250 and 500 g of MECB showed 53.4, 61.2, 69.1 and 76.2 % inhibition respectively on peroxidation of linoleic acid emulsion. Like antioxidant activity, the effect of MECB on reducing power increased in a dose dependent manner. The free radical scavenging activity of MECB was determined by DPPH radical scavenging method. The potency of this activity was increased with increased amount of extract. MECB was found to inhibit the nitric oxide radicals generated from sodium nitroprusside <TEX>$(IC_{50}\;=\;102.8\;g/ml)$</TEX> whereas the <TEX>$IC_{50}$</TEX> value of curcumin was 20.4 g/ml. Moreover, the MECB was found to scavenge the superoxide generated by photoreduction of Riboflavin. MECB was also found to inhibit the hydroxyl radical generated by Fenton reaction, where the <TEX>$IC_{50}$</TEX> value is 104.17 g/ml compared with catechin 5 g/ml, which indicates the antioxidant activity of MECB. The MECB capable of scavenging hydrogen peroxide in a concentration-dependent manner. The amounts of total phenolic compounds were also determined. Antimicrobial activities of MECB were carried out using disc diffusion methods with five Gram positive, four Gram negative and four fungal species. The results obtained in the present study indicate that MECB leaves are potential source of natural antioxidant and antimicrobial agents.

Antioxidant activity of saponins isolated from ivy: alpha-hederin, hederasaponin-C, hederacolchiside-E and hederacolchiside-F.

The antioxidant activities of alpha-hederin and hederasaponin-C from Hedera helix, and hederacolchisides-E and -F from Hedera colchica were investigated, in this study. The antioxidant properties of the saponins were evaluated using different antioxidant tests: 1,1-di-phenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH.) free radical scavenging, total antioxidant activity, reducing power, superoxide anion radical scavenging, hydrogen peroxide scavenging, and metal chelating activities. Alpha-hederin, hederasaponin-C, as well as hederacolchisides-E and -F exhibited a strong total antioxidant activity. At the concentration of 75 pg/mL, these saponins showed 94, 86, 88 and 75% inhibition on lipid peroxidation of linoleic acid emulsion,respectively. These various antioxidant activities were compared with model antioxidants such as a-tocopherol, butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT).

Comparison of antioxidant activity of clove ( Eugenia caryophylata Thunb) buds and lavender ( Lavandula stoechas L.)

The antioxidant activity of water and ethanol extracts of clove ( Eugenia carophyllata) buds and lavender ( Lavandula stoechas L.) was studied. The antioxidant properties of both extracts of clove and lavender were evaluated using different antioxidant tests; reductive potential, free radical scavenging, superoxide anion radical scavenging and metal chelating activities. The both extracts of clove and lavender exhibited strong total antioxidant activity. At the concentrations of 20, 40, and 60 μg/ml, water extract of clove and lavender showed 93.3%, 95.5%, 97.9%, 86.9%, 92.3%, and 94.8% inhibition on lipid peroxidation of linoleic acid emulsion, respectively. At the same concentrations, ethanol extract of clove and lavender exhibited 94.9%, 95.5%, 98.2%, 92.5%, 93.8%, and 96.5%, respectively. Comparable, 60 μg/ml of standard antioxidant such as butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), and α-tocopherol exhibited 96.5%, 99.2%, and 61.1% inhibition on peroxidation of linoleic acid emulsion, respectively. The both extracts of clove and lavender had effective reductive potential, free radical scavenging, superoxide anion radical scavenging, and metal chelating activities at all tested concentrations (20, 40, and 60 μg/ml). Those various antioxidant activities were compared to standard antioxidants such as BHA, BHT, and α-tocopherol. In addition, total phenolic compounds in the both extracts of clove and lavender were determined as gallic acid equivalent.

Antioxidant and Free Radical Scavenging Activities of Ervatamia coronaria Stapf. leaves

The present study was carried out to evaluate the antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of methanolic extract of Ervatamia coronaria leaves (Apocynaceae) in various systems. DPPH radical, superoxide anion radical, nitric oxide radical and hydroxyl radical scavenging assays were carried out to evaluate the antioxidant potential of the extract. The antioxidant activity of methanolic extract increased in a dose dependent manner. About 50, 100, 250 and 500 µg of methanol extract of Ervatamia coronaria (MEEC) showed 61.33, 66.21, 72.04 and 76.83% inhibition respectively on peroxidation of linoleic acid emulsion. Like antioxidant activity, the effect of MEEC on reducing power increases in a dose dependent manner. In DPPH radical scavenging assay the IC50 value of the extract was found to be 167.09 µg/ml. MEEC was found to inhibit the nitric oxide radicals generated from sodium nitroprusside. The IC50 value was found to be 83.375 µg/ml, whereas the IC50 value of curcumin was 20.4 µg/ml. Moreover, the MEEC was found to scavenge the superoxide generated by PMS/NADH-NBTsyst em. MEEC was also found to inhibit the hydroxyl radical generated by Fenton's reaction, where the IC50 value of MEEC was found to be more than 1000 µg/ml and for catechin the IC50 value was found to be 5 µg/ml, which indicates the prooxidant activity of MEEC. The amounts of total phenolic compounds were also determined in this study. The results obtained in the present study indicate that the MEEC can be a potential source of natural antioxidant.

Antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiulcer and analgesic activities of nettle ( Urtica dioica L.)

In this study, water extract of nettle (Urtica dioica L.) (WEN) was studied for antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiulcer and analgesic properties. The antioxidant properties of WEN were evaluated using different antioxidant tests, including reducing power, free radical scavenging, superoxide anion radical scavenging, hydrogen peroxide scavenging, and metal chelating activities. WEN had powerful antioxidant activity. The 50, 100 and 250 μg amounts of WEN showed 39, 66 and 98% inhibition on peroxidation of linoleic acid emulsion, respectively, while 60 μg/ml of α-tocopherol, exhibited only 30% inhibition. Moreover, WEN had effective reducing power, free radical scavenging, superoxide anion radical scavenging, hydrogen peroxide scavenging, and metal chelating activities at the same concentrations. Those various antioxidant activities were compared to standard antioxidants such as butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), quercetin, and α-tocopherol. In addition, total phenolic compounds in the WEN were determined as pyrocatechol equivalent. WEN also showed antimicrobial activity against nine microorganisms, antiulcer activity against ethanol-induced ulcerogenesis and analgesic effect on acetic acid-induced stretching.

In vitro antioxidant properties of morphine

Morphine is implicated in diverse functions, from development to immune modulation in the central and peripheral nervous systems. It has also been used extensively in the clinical management of pain due to its potent analgesic effect. This study was designed to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant capacity of morphine using different antioxidant tests, including total antioxidant activity, reducing power, free radical scavenging, superoxide anion radical scavenging, hydrogen peroxide scavenging and metal chelating activities. Morphine exhibited strong total antioxidant activity. The concentrations of 25, 50 and 75 μg ml −1 of morphine showed 79.1, 84.3 and 92.3% inhibition on peroxidation of linoleic acid emulsion, respectively. On the other hand, at 75 μg ml −1 concentration of standard antioxidant, such as butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and α-tocopherol, exhibited 88.7, 94.5 and 70.4% inhibition on peroxidation of linoleic acid emulsion, respectively. In addition, morphine had effective reducing power, free radical scavenging, superoxide anion radical scavenging, hydrogen peroxide scavenging and metal chelating activities at the same concentrations (25, 50 and 75 μg ml −1). These various antioxidant activities were compared to standard antioxidants such as BHA, BHT and α-tocopherol.

Antioxidant and analgesic activities of turpentine of Pinus nigra Arn. subsp. pallsiana (Lamb.) Holmboe

The aim of this study is to examine possible antioxidant and analgesic activities of turpentine exudes from Pinus nigra Arn. subsp. pallsiana (Lamb.) Holmboe (TPN). Total antioxidant activity, reducing power, superoxide anion radical scavenging, free radical scavenging, metal chelating, and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activities were studied. The total antioxidant activity increased with the increasing amount of extracts (100, 300, and 500 μg) added to linoleic acid emulsion. All of the doses of TPN showed higher antioxidant activity than α-tocopherol. The samples showed 49, 70, and 91% inhibition on peroxidation of linoleic acid emulsion, respectively. On the other hand, the 300 μg of α-tocopherol showed 40% inhibition on peroxidation of linoleic acid emulsion. There is correlation between antioxidant activity and the reducing power, superoxide anion radical scavenging, free radical scavenging, metal chelating, and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activities. Like antioxidant activity, the reducing power, superoxide anion radical scavenging, free radical scavenging, metal chelating, and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activities of TPN depending on concentration and increasing with increased concentration of TPN. These properties may be the major reasons for the inhibition of lipid peroxidation. The results obtained in the present study indicate that the TPN has a potential source of natural antioxidant. In addition, analgesic effect of TPN was investigated in present study and TPN had strong analgesic effect. The analgesic effect of TPN compared with metamizol as a standard analgesic compound.