Cell Membrane Lipid Peroxidation Research Articles

Impact of indirect bilirubin and uric acid on outcomes of sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (sAKI).

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the most frequent pathophysiologic disorders encountered in hospitalized patients, with sepsis frequently implicated in pathogenesis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) seem to have a significant contribution to sepsis-induced AKI. Proposed mechanisms include induction of cell membrane lipid peroxidation, protein denaturing, and direct DNA damage, all of which have deleterious effect. These changes constitute oxidative injury to the kidneys. To evaluate the antioxidant actions of indirect bilirubin and uric acid on outcomes of sepsis-associated AKI. Ninety-eight patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), at a large tertiary center, with sepsis and AKI were evaluated for serum levels of uric acid, bilirubin (primarily indirect), and procalcitonin. The primary endpoints studied were the need for hemodialysis and death. Thirty-two (33%) patients developed AKI requiring hemodialysis (HD). These patients had higher SOFA scores (p < 0.001) and lower levels of indirect bilirubin (p < 0.001) compared to those not requiring HD. There was no statistically significant difference in serum uric acid levels. Logistic regression analysis identified creatinine level, total and indirect bilirubin levels, and leukocyte count as significant predictors of patient death. Higher leukocyte counts and creatinine levels were independently associated with poor outcomes in ICU patients with sepsis. Additionally, lower indirect bilirubin levels were also noted to be associated with similar outcomes. The latter provides insights into oxidative stress as a major player in the pathogenesis of sepsis-induced AKI, with a potential protective role of indirect bilirubin.

Phomopsis longanae Chi causing the pulp breakdown of fresh longan fruit through affecting reactive oxygen species metabolism.

Phomopsis longanae Chi is a crucial pathogen causing fruit spoilage in postharvest fresh longan. The influence of P. longanae invasion with a suspension containing 1×104 P. longanae spores per mL on the breakdown occurrence and ROS metabolism in pulp of longan cv. Fuyan during storage at 28°C was explicated. Compared to control group, more severe development of pulp breakdown (PB), higher PB index, O2 -. generation rate, H2O2 and MDA content, but lower SOD, APX and CAT activities, GSH, AsA, flavonoid and total phenolics amounts, ability of scavenging DPPH radical, and reducing power were displayed in the pulp of P. longanae-infected fruit during days 0-5. In this context, P. longanae induced breakdown of longan pulp by reducing the scavenging ability of ROS and increasing the cumulation of ROS, thereby enhancing the structural collapse and lipid peroxidation of cell membrane, which were responsible for the PB of harvested longans.

IDF21-0029 Maternal separation aggravated pancreatic oxidative and inflammatory damage in chronic socially defeated adult male rats

Background: It is believed that psychosocial stress as one of the main sources of stress in humans may play an essential role in developing chronic degenerative metabolic diseases. Early life adverse experiences were supposed to affect the response to stress in later life. Aim: This research was done to test the effect of maternal separation on the metabolic response to chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) at young adulthood. In this respect, the possible contribution of oxidative stress and inflammatory damage to the pancreas along with insulin resistance in response to CSDS exposure in young adult male rats who experienced early life maternal separation was explored. Method: During the first 2 weeks of life, male Wistar rats were exposed to either maternal separation (MS) or left undisturbed with their mothers (Std). Starting on postnatal date 50, the animals of each group were either left undisturbed in the standard group housing (Con) or underwent chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) for 3 weeks. Thus, totally there were 4 groups (n=6/group). Then, fasting plasma corticosterone, insulin, and glucose levels were measured and insulin resistance was calculated. Pancreatic Catalase (CAT) activity, reduced Glutathione (GSH), Malondialdehyde (MDA) and interleukin-1 beta contents were measured. Results: In this study, MS-CSDS animals showed an elevated fasting plasma corticosterone and insulin levels along with insulin resistance in comparison with standard-reared controls (Std-Con); however, neither early nor adult life adversity affected fasting glucose levels. Likewise, CAT activity, MDA, and Il-1β contents of pancreatic tissue were increased only in MS-CSDS rats compared to Std-Cons. Discussion: The finding of this study shows that maternal separation intensifies vulnerability to develop HPA axis over-activation, insulin resistance, pancreatic oxidative and inflammatory damage associated with chronic exposure to social defeat stress in young adult male rats, which could play an important role in mediating the effects of chronic stress‐related risk of diabetes mellitus. Abnormal responses to stress in adults, who were exposed to stress in early life, almost occurred because of increasing basal tone of central CRFergic activity and coincident intensified HPA axis responsiveness. It may be secondary to facilitation of noradrenergic neurocircuits, central glucocorticoid resistance, and/or dampened regional GABAergic tone that have been observed to happen in response to maternal separation stress. Elevated levels of circulating glucocorticoid have been reported to influence the insulin signaling cascade at the level of insulin receptor and insulin-sensitive glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) functionality, which may contribute to insulin resistance. In the face of insulin resistance, the β cells adapt by increasing insulin secretion, leading to peripheral compensatory hyperinsulinemia as a protective measure to maintain normal glucose concentrations without hypoglycemia. Augmented pancreatic oxidative stress in MS-CSDS animals may exceeded the increased compensatory antioxidant mechanisms, as evidenced by excessive peroxidation of cell membrane lipids. Based on the central role of IL-1β in the destruction of pancreatic β cells, raised pancreatic IL-1β content could be related to oxidative stress-mediated β cell damage and development of diabetes in response to CSDS exposure in young adult rats who underwent early life maternal separation.

Total triterpene content, antioxidant activity and acute toxicity study of Securidaca longepedunculara Fresen

Plants are widely used in developing countries for traditional medicine. Knowledge of biological activities and phytochemistry is necessary for the safe use of these plants in traditional medicine. Securidaca longepedunculata is a medicinal plant whose roots are widely used in the treatment of several diseases. In this study the content of total triterpenes in leaf and root bark was assessed. The antioxidant activity by the ABTS method was evaluated as well as the effect of the extracts on lipid peroxidation of mice liver cell membranes. Acute toxicity was evaluated at the dose of 2000 mg / mL administered to the mouse. The results showed that the maximum values of the triterpenes contents of the leaves and of the root bark are 58 and 21 mg UAE / 100 mg respectively. Methanolic and chloroform extracts from leaves and root bark inhibited more than 50% of lipid peroxidation. The same extracts showed strong ABTS cation reduction activity. The leaf extract did not induce signs of acute toxicity in mice at a dose of 2000 mg / mL. The leaves of S. longepedunculata could be used in the management of pathologies associated with oxidative stress or which require biological properties relating to triterpene compounds.&#x0D; Keywords: Securidaca longepedunculata, triterpenes, peroxidation, toxicity

Anti-inflammatory role demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo models using nonsteroidal tetranortriterpenoid, Nimbin (N1) and its analogs (N2 and N3) that alleviate the domestication of alternative medicine.

Human health may benefit from the study of natural compounds and phytoconstituents that can protect from inflammation. We investigated Nimbin (N1), a member of the ring C Seco-tetranortriterpenoids family, and its semi-natural analog deacetyl Nimbin namely N2 and N3 for their anti-inflammatory properties. As key findings, N1, N2, and N3 were able to improve wound healing by cell proliferation in a period of 24 h and were able to reduce the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in Madin-Darby Canine Kidney cells which were screened using dichloro-dihydro fluorescein diacetate (DCF-DA) staining. When the zebrafish larvae were subjected to DCF-DA assay N1, N2, and N3 were able to substantially reduce the ROS levels in a dose-dependent manner. In zebrafish larvae, the cell death indicates the fluorescent intensity due to acridine orange staining that was found to be dramatically decreasing upon the treatment of N1, N2, and N3. The cell membrane lipid peroxidation levels were also reduced in a dose-dependent manner upon the treatment of Nimbin and its analogs indicating lesser blue fluorescent levels. Among the Nimbin and its analogs, N2 was subjected to have better activity. To confirm the activity of N1, N2, and N3, in silico characterization was performed using Density functional theory and molecular docking. As a result, N2 exhibited the lowest electronegative value and highest binding energy when docked with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant proteins CAT, COX, GP, IL-1, and MPO. Furthermore, the therapeutic potential of N2 must be explored at the molecular level as well as in clinical studies for the treatment of inflammation-associated diseases.

The transcription factor GmbHLH3 confers Cl−/salt tolerance to soybean by upregulating GmCLC1 expression for maintenance of anion homeostasis

Chloride channels (CLCs)-mediated anion homeostasis plays a crucial role for plants to adapt to Cl − /salt stress; however, the transcriptional regulation of CLCs gene expression in response to Cl − /salt stress is not understood to date. Here, a novel bHLH transcription factor, GmbHLH3, upstream of the GmCLC1 gene, was identified by gene co-expression network analysis. GmbHLH3 localizes to the nucleus and can bind to the G-box at position − 550 of GmCLC1 promoter to up-regulate its expression. GmbHLH3- overexpressed soybean hairy root-composite plants and transgenic Arabidopsis exhibited enhanced tolerance to Cl − /salt stress, which was reflected by plant growth phenotype, leaf dead cells, cell membrane damage and lipid peroxidation, and Arabidopsis seed germination. NaCl-treated GmbHLH3 -overexpressed soybean plants displayed up-regulated GmCLC1 expression, higher accumulation of Cl − and NO 3 − in roots for restricting the transport to shoots, and thus maintaining lower Cl − /NO 3 − ratio in whole plants. Similar effects of GmbHLH3 on the tissue distribution of Cl − and NO 3 − , and maintenance of anion homeostasis were further verified in transgenic Arabidopsis plants. These findings provide a valuable theoretical basis for further exploration of the transcriptional regulatory molecular networks of plant CLC family members in response to Cl − toxicity under salt stress, as well as seeking molecular genetic improvement approaches for Cl − /salt tolerance in soybean and other crops. • A novel GmCLC1 upstream transcription factor, GmbHLH3, was identified in soybean. • GmbHLH3 can activate GmCLC1 expression by binding to − 550 G-box of its promoter. • GmbHLH3 -overexpressed soybeans confer Cl − /salt tolerance by keeping anion homeostasis. • GmbHLH3 -transgenic Arabidopsis plants also display alleviated salt stress damage.

Antibacterial Effect of Oregano Essential Oil against Vibrio vulnificus and Its Mechanism.

Oregano essential oil (OEO) is an effective natural antibacterial agent, but its antibacterial activity against Vibrio vulnificus has not been widely studied. The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effect and germicidal activity of OEO on V. vulnificus and its possible inhibition mechanism. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) of OEO against four V. vulnificus strains (ATCC 27562 and three isolates from seafoods) were from 0.06 to 0.15 μL/mL. Compared with untreated bacteria, OEO reduced the concentration of intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP), hyperpolarized the cell membrane, increased the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and increased the concentration of intracellular malondialdehyde (MDA), but there was no obvious DNA damage at the OEO test concentration. It was indicated that OEO inactivated V. vulnificus by generating ROS which caused lipid peroxidation of cell membranes, thereby reducing the permeability and integrity of cell membranes and causing morphological changes to cells, but there was no obvious damage to DNA. In addition, OEO could effectively kill V. vulnificus in oysters at 25 °C, and the number of bacteria decreased by 48.2% after 0.09% OEO treatment for 10 h. The good inhibitory effect and bactericidal activity of OEO showed in this study, and the economy and security of OEO make it possible to apply OEO to control V. vulnificus contamination in oysters and other seafoods.

Bacterial meningitis in the practice of a primary care physician. Clinical and immunological efficacy of recombinant interleukin-2 in the complex therapy of bacterial meningitis

The article analyzes the pathogenetic features of bacterial meningitis and substantiates the scheme of complex therapy of the disease using the recombinant cytokine interleukin-2 (IL2). The clinical, immunological and microbiological efficacy of the complex therapy scheme has been revealed. It has been shown that the pleiotropic effects of recombinant IL-2, its effect on the activity of metabolic processes at the cellular and subcellular levels, the ability to stabilize the system of lipid peroxidation of cell membranes, the ability to influence the processes of clonal proliferation and differentiation of T- and B-lymphocytes, make its use justified in complex therapy of meningitis.

Effect of nano-silica coating combined with pressurized Ar treatment on postharvest quality and reactive oxygen species metabolism in sweet cherry fruit

The mechanisms of effect of nano-silica coating and pressurized Ar on regulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and scavenging in the senescence of sweet cherries remains unclear. The amounts of reactive oxygen species, hydrogen peroxide, non-enzymatic antioxidants and antioxidases, and cell membrane lipid peroxidation in sweet cherries were determined. Nano-silica coating, pressurized Ar, and the combination of these two treatments, all significantly delayed senescence by suppressing decay rate, and maintained good sensory quality. In additional, all treatments inhibited the generation and accumulation of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide, and mitigated the lipid peroxidation of cell membranes of sweet cherries. The combination of these two treatments maintained higher contents of ascorbic acid and glutathione, and enhanced the activities of antioxidases in sweet cherries. It is suggested that nano-silica coating and pressure Ar mediated the ROS metabolism, which might have a role in retaining the quality sweet cherries during cold storage.

Influence of nano CuO on uptake and translocation of bifenthrin in rape (Brassica napus L.)

The widely utilization of pesticides in agriculture may increase their residues in soil and vegetables. Nowadays, nanoparticles (NPs) could enter soil due to extensive usage. However, the influence of NPs on the translocation of pesticides from soil to vegetables and mechanisms involved are still uncertain. In this study, bifenthrin (200 μg/kg) and nano CuO (0, 10, 50 and 100 mg/kg) were simultaneously added into the soil to cultivate rape (Brassica napus L.) to determine the influence of nano CuO on the translocation of bifenthrin to the plant. The highest concentration of bifenthrin in rape root on day 40 reached 111.6 ng/g in treatment BF + CuO 100, which was 1.65 times of that in single bifenthrin treatment, indicating that high concentration of nano CuO (100 mg/kg) in soil promoted rape root to absorb bifenthrin. The higher accumulation of CuO in root resulted in cell membrane lipid peroxidation and increased MDA contents, and led to higher electrolytic leakage in root tissue and root damage. Therefore, extra bifenthrin may enter rape through the damaged root. Our findings highlight the need to consider plant physiology and mixture effects in studying accumulation of NPs and pesticides in plants.

Polyamine-activated carbonyl stress strategy for oxidative damage therapy

Oxidative damage, which mainly includes cell membrane lipid peroxidation (LPO) and DNA damage, plays a vital role in tumor therapy. Unfortunately, the overproduction of polyamines in tumor tissues inhibits cell membrane LPO and promotes DNA repair, leading to the limited oxidative damage efficacy. Herein, we propose an innovative polyamine-activated carbonyl stress strategy based on the MIL-100 @PAO@PVP (MPP) nanoplatform that successfully overcomes the drawbacks of oxidative damage therapy and achieves excellent chemodynamic therapy (CDT)-induced oxidative damage efficacy. Once endocytozed by tumor cells, the loaded plasma amine oxidase (PAO) on MPP can rapidly deplete polyamines at the tumor site to produce a large amount of highly toxic acrolein and H2O2. The produced H2O2 enhances the MIL-100-driven CDT efficiency to promote cell membrane and DNA damage. Furthermore, the depletion of polyamines further reduces the stability of the cell membrane and DNA. More importantly, the reactive product, acrolein, induces carbonyl stress to further increase DNA damage, inhibit the expression of GPx4 and DNA repair proteins, and significantly enhance CDT-induced oxidative damage. Overall, this strategy not only efficiently overcomes the drawbacks of oxidative damage but also provides a new strategy for tumor treatment.

Physiological insights into the role of temperature and light conditions on in vitro growth, membrane thermostability and antioxidative activity of Nardostachys jatamansi, an IUCN Red-listed critically endangered therapeutic plant

Habitat modifications induced by rapid climate change and anthropogenic activities over the years have led to the extinction or confinement of many plant species in their geographic ranges. Temperature and light are the major determinants in controlling plant growth; each plant species having specific temperature and light requirements for their development and proper functioning of the photosynthetic activity. An efficient in vitro propagation protocol via callus-mediated organogenesis from rhizome segments has been developed for Nardostachys jatamansi (D. Don) DC. or ‘Jatamansi’, an IUCN Red-listed critically endangered plant species of immense medicinal importance. To understand the temperature and light sensitivity, and oxidative stress response of this plant, the micro-shoots were raised in vitro in the culture room (24 ± 2 °C, 50 µmol m−2 s−1 PPFD) and growth chamber (13 ± 2 °C, 850 µmol m−2 s−1 PPFD) mimicking the natural habitats. Maximum shoot regeneration (84.5%) and number of shoots (16.8 ± 0.2) per explant were observed in MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l meta-Topolin and 0.5 mg/l indole acetic acid under low temperature and higher light intensity in the growth chamber. The genetic fidelity was assessed using flow cytometry and no major genetic abnormalities was observed among the regenerants. The activities of antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase under same culture conditions were also recorded to have increased which revealed their active involvement against oxidative stress. On the other hand, a significant decline in these enzyme activities was observed in cultures incubated in culture room indicating impaired detoxification which could be due to their inactivation at high temperature and low light intensity. It was also observed that prolonged culture of in vitro-grown shoots in the culture room led to increased cell membrane damage, lipid peroxidation and higher endogenous H2O2 accumulation with reduced level of photosynthetic pigment contents, exhibiting severe oxidative stress. The in vitro-grown shoots were better maintained under conditions mimicking the natural conditions of growth which substantiated the understanding of survival strategies of this critically endangered plant species.

Effect of exogenous microflora of the hepatobiliary system on the biochemical composition of bile and lipid peroxidation processes of somatic cell membranes in chronic opisthorchiasis

It has been epidemiologically established that the rate of primary cholangiocarcinomas increases greatly in the ObIrtysh basin which is hyperendemic for helminth Opisthorchis felineus in comparison with other regions where the population is not infested. In this connection chronic opisthorchiasis is considered as facultative liver precancer. The study of cholangiocarcinogenesis mechanisms will allow developing pathogenetic approaches to prevention of this tumor. Aim of the study was to investigate the significance of microbiota of the hepatobiliary tract of chronic opisthorchiasis patients in changing of biochemical composition of bile and investigation of its biological influence on somatic cells membrane. Material and methods. Objects of research: bacteria; inbred mice infected by opisthorchis; samples of bile, cultures of human embryo fibroblasts and splenocytes of inbred mice in vitro; blood plasma; standard primary and secondary bile acids. We studied: species of bacteria colonizing bile ducts; quantitative and qualitative composition of bile acids, and level of diene conjugates and malondialdehyde in duct bile samples; biological activity of bile on processes of lipid peroxidation of cell membranes in vitro; influence of bile and lipid peroxidation products on cytomembrane permeability; activity of antioxidant systems of the body. Results and discussion. It was found out, that bile of patients with chronic opisthorchiasis in majority of cases (77.0 %) was infected by different species of bacteria. In 30.0 % of cases certain types of intestinal bacteria (Proteus vulgaris, P. mirabilis, Citrobacter freundii, Bacteroides alcaligues faecalis, Clostridium, Streptococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli) change biochemical composition of duct bile – deconjugated primary and secondary bile acids and also high level of total bile acids are detected. Bile of the above biochemical composition, against the background of depletion of antioxidant system, induces activation of cell membrane lipid peroxidation processes and significantly increases their permeability to toxic components of bile. These processes are promotor in cholangiocarcinogenesis.

Comparative analysis of carbon and nitrogen metabolism, antioxidant indexes, polysaccharides and lobetyolin changes of different tissues from Codonopsis pilosula co-inoculated with Trichoderma

Codonopsis pilosula is a traditional Chinese herbal medicinal plant and contains various bioactive components, such as C. pilosula polysaccharides (CPPs) and lobetyolin (Lob). Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and nitric oxide (NO) are gaseous molecule and have been well known for their ability to relieve some adverse influences on plant from abiotic stress. Endophytic fungus is non-pathogenic plant-associated fungus that could play a significant role in improving plant tolerance by signal molecule. In this work, we determined how inoculation of Trichoderma strain RHTA01 with C. pilosula changed the plant's growth, metabolite accumulation, and related enzyme activity. Results demonstrated that application of Trichoderma strain RHTA01 significantly improved the growth of C. pilosula. Moreover, it noticeably decreased antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity in C. pilosula leaves, reduced the content of H2O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA), and weakened the peroxidation of cell membrane lipids, which reduced the damage of abiotic stress to C. pilosula. Research has shown that it had obvious effects on levels of nitrogen and carbon metabolic enzymes. For example, sucrose synthase (SS) and acid invertase (AI) levels in C. pilosula roots were nearly 1.43 and 1.7 times higher, respectively, than those in the control (CK) group. In addition, it was notable that the production of CPPs and Lob, the most significant secondary metabolites in C. pilosula, were influenced by Trichoderma strain RHTA01. The obtained results indicate that inoculating C. pilosula with Trichoderma stimulates the carbon and nitrogen metabolism of the plant, and helps to increase the content of CPPs and Lob in the root of the plant.

Morpho-physiological traits, antioxidant capacity and nutrient accumulation in hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) under varying levels of nitrogen nutrition

Optimization of nitrogen fertilizer application is an important means of improving hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) production and economic benefits with minimum environmental loss. The method of fertilization with hydroponic could precisely control the amount of nitrogen applied, to understand how nitrogen application can affect the growth and physiology of industrial hemp. A hydroponic experiment was conducted in 2017 to investigate the effects of different nitrogen treatments (0.30, 0.75, 1.50 and 12.00 mmol/L) on different regions and types, cultivars of hemp (“Wanma 1(WM1)”, “Bamahuoma (BM)’, “Ynuma 5 (YM5)” and “Yunma 7 (YM7)”). The main objective was to determine the effectiveness of nitrogen fertilizer application for improvement of the morpho-physiological traits, antioxidant capacity and nutrient accumulation of industrial hemp. In general, increasing N application rate positively impacts hemp total dry biomass, plant height and stem diameter. Total dry weight, stem diameter and plant height increased by 26.16%-238.94%, 11.43%-34.09% and 4.51%-54.73%, respectively, with the application of 1.50 mmol/L when comparing with the low N rate (0.30 mmol/L). Nitrogen deficiency leads to cell membrane lipid peroxidation (MDA) and increases in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. The activity of nitrate reductase (NR) in hemp leaves and the accumulation of nitrate nitrogen are related not only to the nitrogen supply but also to the form of nitrogen. In addition, increasing nitrogen supply has a significantly negative effect on the utilization efficiency of nitrogen and potassium, but positively on the phosphorus utilization efficiency. Nitrogen supply and cultivar proved to be relevant to the growth, physiology and nutrient accumulation in hemp under hydroponic conditions. Increasing nitrogen supply within a reasonable range is beneficial to hemp, whereas excessive nitrogen supply has an inhibitory effect, and the nutrient utilization efficiency significantly reduces.

Evaluation of mutant rice genotypes for tolerance to high temperature

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is planted in about a tenth of the arable area around the world and is the largest source of food energy for half of humanity. Climatic change with increasing frequency of severe and prolonged drought periods and significant increases in air temperature has affected global rice production. Therefore, generating mutant rice cultivars tolerant to high temperatures and low water supplies is of utmost importance. Advanced mutant rice lines which were derived from irradiated Amistad -82 and J-104 were evaluated in the field under high temperatures and low water supply conditions using Amistad-82 variety as control. The genotypes with the best and worst field performances were compared using physiological parameters such as cell membrane thermostability, pollen viability, lipid peroxidation, and peroxidase and catalase activity under high temperature conditions. Three mutant lines, 8852, 8552 and LP-12 showed high yielding under high temperatures and low water supplies conditions in the field and also showed better pollen viability, cell membrane thermo stability, lipid peroxidation and peroxidase than LP-16 mutant lines and the control cv. Amistad-82. These results show that the physical irradiation of seeds with protons followed by subsequent in vitro embryo culture using 2,4D may generate genetic variability for tolerance to high temperatures. The variation observed for the physiological and biochemical indicators evaluated could be used for the early selection of high temperature tolerant rice genotypes

Transcriptional Analysis of Microcystis aeruginosa Co-Cultured with Algicidal Bacteria Brevibacillus laterosporus.

Harmful algal blooms caused huge ecological damage and economic losses around the world. Controlling algal blooms by algicidal bacteria is expected to be an effective biological control method. The current study investigated the molecular mechanism of harmful cyanobacteria disrupted by algicidal bacteria. Microcystis aeruginosa was co-cultured with Brevibacillus laterosporus Bl-zj, and RNA-seq based transcriptomic analysis was performed compared to M. aeruginosa, which was cultivated separately. A total of 1706 differentially expressed genes were identified, which were mainly involved in carbohydrate metabolism, energy metabolism and amino acid metabolism. In the co-cultured group, the expression of genes mainly enriched in photosynthesis and oxidative phosphorylation were significantly inhibited. However, the expression of the genes related to fatty acid synthesis increased. In addition, the expression of the antioxidant enzymes, such as 2-Cys peroxiredoxin, was increased. These results suggested that B. laterosporus could block the electron transport by attacking the PSI system and complex I of M. aeruginosa, affecting the energy acquisition and causing oxidative damage. This further led to the lipid peroxidation of the microalgal cell membrane, resulting in algal death. The transcriptional analysis of algicidal bacteria in the interaction process can be combined to explain the algicidal mechanism in the future.

Sperm Motility, Oxidative Status, and Mitochondrial Activity: Exploring Correlation in Different Species.

Sperm quality assessment is the first step for evaluating male fertility and includes the estimation of sperm concentration, motility, and morphology. Nevertheless, other parameters can be assessed providing additional information on the male reproductive potential. This study aimed to evaluate and correlate the oxidative status, mitochondrial functionality, and motility in spermatozoa of two marine invertebrate (Ciona robusta and Mytilus galloprovincialis) and one mammalian (Bos taurus) species. By combining fluorescent staining and spectrofluorometer, sperm oxidative status was evaluated through intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and plasma membrane lipid peroxidation (LPO) analysis. Mitochondrial functionality was assessed through the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). In the three examined species, a negative correlation emerged between sperm motility vs ROS levels and LPO. Sperm motility positively correlated with MMP in bovine, whereas these parameters were not related in ascidian or even negatively related in mussel spermatozoa. MMP was negatively related to ROS and LPO levels in ascidians, only to LPO in bovine, and positively related in mussel spermatozoa. These results suggest that energy sources for sperm motility vary between species and that ROS causes a decline in sperm motility via oxidative damage of membrane lipids. Overall, this study validates the use of fluorescent probes in combination with spectrofluorometer as a simple and powerful methodology for supplementary evaluation of sperm quality shedding light on new potential quality markers and provided relevant information on sperm energetic metabolism.

Combination of cisplatin treatment and photodynamic therapy attenuates cisplatin-induced cell toxicity in A2780 and A2780-CP cervical cancer cell lines.

Cervical cancer is recognized as a serious worldwide health problem. Despite various achievements for cervical cancer treatment, there are still shortcomings that lead to severe side effects. Combination therapy is fast becoming a key and promising treatment strategy, diminishing chemotherapy-mediated side effects. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of combined cisplatin treatment and photodynamic therapy (PDT) on the cervical cancer recovery. In this study, A2780 and A2780-CP cell lines were cultured in the Dulbecco's modified eagle medium (DMEM) enriched with 10% FBS and 1% antibiotic. Both cell lines were treated with cisplatin, photodynamic light (laser with methylene blue as a photosensitizer agent), and the combination of cisplatin treatment and PDT. Half maximum inhibitory concentration (IC50) was calculated for each treatment by the use of tetrazolium salt assay. Both cell lines were examined for cell membrane lipid peroxidation rate. Our findings showed that combination of cisplatin treatment and photodynamic therapy leads to two-fold decreased cisplatin IC50. Results showed that cisplatin and photodynamic light combination could effectively reduce A2780 and A2780-CP cell viability (p-value < 0.0001). Moreover, combined cisplatin and photodynamic therapy results revealed significantly increased cancer cell membrane destruction through increased lipid peroxidation, resulting in surged MDA content. Our conclusion is that combination of cisplatin and photodynamic therapy can be used as an effective and convenient treatment strategy without considerable side effects.

Comet Parameters and Plasma 8-Iso-Prostaglandins F2α

Background: Major depression can be characterized by isolated episodes of disturbance in psychosomatic functions for a duration of at least two weeks along with intermediate non-symptomatic periods. The factors playing important role in the etiology of major depression were family history, genetic factors, decreased levels of serotonin and norepinephrine; increased levels of interleukins or any other medical illness having an increased cytokine production. The pathogenesis of major depression involves oxidative stress, which consists of synthesis of free radicals causing damage to nucleic acids, lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins present in the cells. Oxidative stress – induced DNA damage consists of numerous types of lesions which can be assessed by the comet assay method. Prostaglandin F2-alpha is produced because of oxidative stress-induced peroxidation of cell membrane lipids and has elevated plasma levels in patients with major depression. Fluoxetine is the drug of choice for major depression and found to have antioxidant properties. The present study was done to assess the correlation between plasma 8-iso-PGF2α levels and the comet parameters, namely comet length (CL), head diameter (HD), % of DNA in head (%DNA Head), tail length (TL) and % of DNA in tail (%DNA Tail), before starting and after finishing the eight-week fluoxetine therapy. Methodology: The prospective clinical study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy in collaboration at, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry. The study group consisted of drug naïve, newly diagnosed major depression patients belonging to age-group of ≥ 18 to 50 years and followed up after eight weeks of fluoxetine therapy. Results: The correlation was found to be positive between the levels of 8-iso-PGF2α in the plasma and all the comet parameters except %DNA Tail, which showed a negative (inverse) relationship with the levels of 8-iso-PGF2α in the plasma. Conclusion: The current study suggested the role of oxidative stress in causing DNA damage and lipid peroxidation in major depression patients and the antioxidant role of fluoxetine in causing decrease in the levels of parameters of oxidative stress and subsequent DNA repair.