Permissive Parenting Style Research Articles

The effect of permissive parenting style and peer pressure on disruptive behavior: An explanatory study

This research aims to examine the influence of permissive parenting style and peer pressure on disruptive behavior of students at Muhammadiyah 2 Yogyakarta junior high school The research method used is a quantitative-correlational method with a prediction design. The population of this research is 498 students who were registered as 7th and 8th graders in the 2021/2022 academic year. The research subjects consist of 74 students, selected using purposive sampling technique, with the criteria that they perceive their parents as permissive and have been identified to have a tendency towards disruptive behavior. The measuring instruments used consist of the disruptive behavior scale, the permissive parenting style scale, and the peer pressure scale. The analysis technique used is multiple regression. The findings of this study indicate that there is a significant simultaneous effect of permissive parenting style and peer pressure on disruptive behavior. The effective contribution produced is 42%. Permissive parenting style partially does not have an influence on disruptive behavior, while peer pressure significantly affects the occurrence of disruptive behavior. The school is recommended to increase its awareness of peer pressure that triggers disruptive behavior in students. Parents are expected to adjust their parenting style to minimize the growth of disruptive behavior in children.

Pola Asuh Permisif dan Dampaknya Kepada Anak Usia Dini (Teori dan Problematika)

Basically every parent has the hope of having a child who is good, useful in terms of religion and education. This is of course inseparable from the parenting style adopted by parents, because the initial formation of character and children's education comes from the family environment. However, the current reality is that many parents do not understand their rights and obligations as parents, one of which is not upgrading knowledge about proper parenting or child development, causing parents to lack understanding of how to apply good parenting styles for children. This study aims to obtain information about permissive parenting and its impact on early childhood. The type of research used is descriptive qualitative research with data collection techniques in the form of observation, interviews and documentation. The source of data in this study is parents who are the object of research. The results of the study show that parenting styles in each family are different, this is caused by several factors, namely: parental education, economy, culture and environment. The parenting style applied in this study is permissive parenting. The permissive parenting style applied by parents has a great impact on children, causing children to be difficult to advise and teach good things, selfish, have no manners and manners, have no respect for parents, often fight and yell at parents in daily interactions, being lazy and impatient. This is due to the parenting style applied by parents and the lack of giving a good example or example to children. The characteristics of parents practicing permissive parenting are: 1. There are no clear rules; 2. Not consistent in giving punishments; 3. Giving excessive gifts; 4. Lack of involvement; 5. Does not provide clear consequences; 6. Avoid conflict; 7. Do not limit access to dangerous things; 8. Become a friend rather than an authority.
 
 Keywords: Permissive Parenting, Early Childhood.

Factors Predicting to Violent Behavior of Youth in Muang District, Trang Province

Nowadays, it is found that the age of offenders due to violence has been gradually decreasing until it becomes an issue that needs to be addressed as urgently as possible because violent behavior is the source of many problems. Therefore, there is an interest in studying the factors predicting the violent behavior of youth in Muang District, Trang Province. The sample size was 379 youths living in Muang District, Trang Province. The research instrument was a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using statistical methods; Stepwise multiple regression analysis. The results found that the factors predicting the violent behavior of youth were: overall attitude to violence, permissive parenting style, attitudes towards verbal violence behavior, having a mother who works as a farmer, educational status, and uninvolved parenting style. The most influencing factor in violent behavior was the overall attitude to violence.

ANALISIS POLA ASUH ORANG TUA PADA KEMANDIRIAN ANAK USIA DINI

Early Childhood (AUD) is a golden age where the process of growth and development runs rapidly. Now, the role of parents in raising children has a different impact, one of which is in terms of children's independence. This study had aim to analyze parenting patterns of early childhood independence. There are 3 types of parenting styles studied, namely authoritarian, democratic, and permissive parenting styles. Researchers used a quantitative approach through survey methods. Data were collected using a questionnaire and analyzed statistically descriptively. The instrument contains 15 indicators representing the three parenting styles on the child's independence aspect. The research subjects consisted of 50 respondents who had early childhood. The results showed that more than 60% of parents used an authoritarian parenting style, 30% adhered to a democratic style and the rest used a permissive style. Of the three patterns, the pattern that gave high value to children's independence was the democratic pattern. With the results of this study, it was hoped that future researchers will be able to dig deeper into childhood independence and parenting styles.

Child attachment in Dual Career Family

Attachment is a strong relationship between a child and his mother or caregiver that makes both of them feel satisfaction and pleasure. Experience of establishing attachment continuously will determine how children interact with their environment in the future and tend to persist throughout their life span. Attachment is formed starting from the family environment. This research aims to describe the attachment of children in dual-career families. The method in this research is descriptive qualitative. The data collection was carried out by observing and interviewing parents and caregivers in dual-career families. The material obtained was analyzed with thematic analysis technique. The results have shown that there were differences in the attachments of children in dual-career families, including secure attachment, ambivalent attachment, and avoidant attachment. Different attachment patterns are shown because of the varied sample characteristics, where the samples have different parenting styles and family backgrounds. Children who make their mother an attached figure with a democratic parenting style can build a secure attachment for the child. Meanwhile, children who make someone other than their mother as attachment figure with a permissive and authoritarian parenting style causes the build of insecure attachments, namely ambivalent and avoidant attachments

General Perception: Multiple Influential Factors of Violent Crimes

This paper provides a general view of factors contributing to violent crimes and possible detection and prevention measures. Based on the published papers, the significant number of crimes and extraordinarily negative social impacts worldwide make the potential reasons worthwhile and necessary to explore. In this paper, four main aspects biological factors (genes, etc.), personality disorders, parenting styles (permissive parenting styles, etc.), and social or environmental influences (income level, etc.) are summarized and discussed respectively. Although factors are discussed separately, a combination of several variants should usually be counted when analyzing aggressive behavior. Based on the known factors, specific early detection methods, such as family crime history or detecting dysfunction of specific brain structure, and preventive measures, such as counseling, are suggested and able to implement in the future to lower the rate of crimes and minimize costs of crimes, whether for the victims or the society.

Impact of Parenting Style on Child's Behavior and Caries Experience in 3-6-year-old Children: A Cross-sectional Study.

The aim of the study is to evaluate the impact of parenting style on a child's behavior and caries experience in 3-6-year-old children. This cross-sectional study included 1,216 parent-child pairs of 3-6-year-old preschool children. Parenting style was determined using Parenting Style and Dimensions Questionnaire (PSDQ). Child behavior was assessed using Frankl's behavior rating scale, and caries experience was recorded using the decayed, extracted and filled deciduous teeth surfaces index. Out of the 1,216 parents, the authoritative parenting style is seen in 70%, authoritarian in 20%, and permissive parenting style in 9.5%. Children with a permissive type of parenting style have shown more negative behavior. Children of authoritative parents had 4.1 times higher odds of exhibiting definitely positive behavior, which is statistically significant (p = 0.004). Children of positive child behavior had 2.4 times higher odds of avoiding caries which is statistically significant (p = 0.0001). Children of authoritarian parents had 1.45 times higher odds of exhibiting caries than children of permissive parents; however, this difference is not statistically significant. Children of authoritative parents demonstrated low caries experience and desirable behavior in the dental office. On the contrary, children of permissive parents exhibited undesirable dental behavior, and children of authoritarian parents had high caries experience. Twenty-first-century parents are less controlling and are more permissive leading to problematic child behavior in the dental office. Parenting styles have an impact on the effectiveness of behavior management as well as dental treatment. Pediatric dentists should identify different parenting styles and anticipate the child's behavior. This study emphasizes the effect of different parenting styles on a child's behavior and dental caries experience. Shalini K, Uloopi KS, Vinay C, et al. Impact of Parenting Style on Child's Behavior and Caries Experience in 3-6-year-old Children: A Cross-sectional Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(2):276-279.

The level of adaptation to learning among first-graders brought up in families with different types of child-parent relationships

The subject of the study is the relationship between child–parent relations and the effectiveness of adaptation of first-graders.The purpose of the study is to determine the level of adaptation to learning among first-graders brought up in families with different types of child-parent relationships. The importance for a child of child-parent relations in a difficult period for him at the beginning of school education is emphasized by many authors. Often, the reason for difficulties in adapting to school lies in the lack of formation of personal forms of communication between a younger student and his parents, in the inability of parents to build communication with a child according to the type of "child – adult as equal", in the habit of a parent to communicate with an already grown-up child according to the stereotype formed in preschool childhood. The study was conducted on the basis of the municipal autonomous educational institution "Secondary School No. 19 named after A.V. Sedelnikov" of the city of Krasnoyarsk. 30 parents (mothers of first-graders) and 30 children aged 7 years were diagnosed. There is a direct relationship between child-parent relations and the adaptation of first-graders to school. Students who are brought up in families with a democratic type of upbringing are characterized by successful, full adaptation. Schoolchildren from families in which permissive and authoritarian parenting styles are the predominant types of child-parent relationships, incomplete adaptation and maladaptation prevail. The conducted research makes it possible to develop psychological programs to increase the level of adaptation of first-graders to education for parents with an authoritarian parenting style and for parents with a permissive parenting style.

Authoritarian Parenting and Bullying Behavior in Adolescents in Bali

Introduction: Bullying in adolescents harms all parties involved, the victims, perpetrators, bystanders present during the bullying event, and even the institution or schools. One important factor related to bullying among adolescents is parenting style.
 Methods: This study was a survey study involving the population of adolescents in Bali. A total of 783 eligible students recruited by consecutive sampling technique were participated in the study. Data was collected using a Google form questionnaire that was distributed through a Whatsapp group. Data were analyzed using the simple logistic regression analysis to discover the relationship between authoritarian parenting style and bullying behavior among adolescents.
 Results: Findings revealed that adolescents with authoritarian parenting styles posed a risk of being bullies by 3.87 higher than adolescents who received permissive and democratic parenting styles (95% CI:1.75 – 8.57) with a significance value of 0.001.
 Conclusion: This study showed that adolescents with authoritarian parenting have a 3.87 times higher risk of becoming bullies than adolescents who received permissive and democratic parenting.

THE CORRELATION BETWEEN PARENTING STYLE AND STUDENT DEF-T INDEX

ABSTRACTBackground: Children at primary school age have a special phase in their oral cavity, namely transition phase which is marked by the change of deciduous teeth to permanent teeth. Damage that occurs during this period can affect the condition of the oral cavity and cause various diseases in the future. One of the diseases that often occurs is caries. Based on Riskesdas, the prevalence of caries in Indonesia on 2018 is 57.6% and 59.6% in South Kalimantan. The incidence of caries in children cannot be separated from the parenting provided by parents. Parenting styles are divided into authoritative, authoritarian, and permissive parenting styles. Purpose: To analyze the relationship between parenting style and def-t index of students at SDN Kebun Bunga 4 Banjarmasin. Material and Method: This study used an analytical observational method with a cross-sectional approach. The research sample was 33 students in grades 1-3rd at SDN Kebun Bunga 4 Banjarmasin. Data collection included primary data obtained through direct examination of the students' oral cavity and filling out the PSDQ (Parenting style and Dimensional Questionnaire) to determine parenting styles. The data then processed and analyzed using the SPSS application with Spearman test. Results: The results showed that most parents practice authoritative parenting. The def-t index of students is 6.3 in high category, and there are no parents with authoritarian parenting. Spearman's correlation test showed there was no relationship between parenting style and students' def-t index (p value = 0.371). Conclusion: There is no relationship between parenting styles and students' def-t index.Keywords : Authoritarian, authoritative, parenting style, permissive, student def-t index

Parenting styles and disruptive behaviors in children in times of pandemic

The objective of this investigation was to determine the factors involved in the development of disruptive behaviors in children related to the parenting styles of their parents during confinement, among 96 students from 5th - 6th grade and their caregivers, through a systematic review, to obtain statistical data, the Family Educational Practices Identification Scale (PEF) and the Positive Parenting Scale (e2p). It is evident how the confinement due to COVID-19 generated high levels of intrafamily conflicts due to the alteration of parenting styles in the family circle and the psychosocial factors immersed in them, such as daily life and social isolation. Finally, results were evidenced that show a preponderance of an authoritarian and permissive parenting style, which are significant for the development of disruptive behaviors. The confinement generated difficulties such as situations of stress, anxietyand intra-family conflicts, making it impossible for the family to fully develop, improving their daily routines and communication.

DETERMINANTS OF PARENTING STYLES ADOPTED BY MOTHERS OF PRE-SCHOOL CHILDREN ACCORDING TO CHILD AND MOTHERS VARIABLES

The parent- child relationship has a major influence on most aspects of child development. The present study is conducted to know the Determinants of Parenting Styles adopted by fathers according to Child variables. Sample consists of 220 mothers of pre-school age children selected from Thirupati and Hyderabad. Multi stage systematic random sampling technique was used to select sample. Sample mothers were administered with Parental Attitude towards their Own Upbringing Scale andParenting Styles Questionnaire.The results of linear regression analysis revealed that the major determinants of child variables for adoption of parenting styles adopted by mother, birth order of the child showed significant contribution towards adoption of authoritarian and authoritative parenting style. Only birth order showed significant contribution towards permissive parenting style. Age of the mother, education of the mother, occupation of the mother and attitude of the mother were contributing significantly towards authoritarian and permissive parenting styles adopted by mothers of pre-school children.

The Analysis of Parenting Patterns in Instilling Morals of Early Childhood

This study aims to determine the parenting style of parents in instilling morals in children from an early age. The research method used is a qualitative and descriptive analysis approach. Observation, interviews, and questionnaires were used to collect data. And data analysis techniques such as data reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results found indicate that there is a diversity of parenting styles carried out by student parents in instilling morals in children from an early age; among these parenting styles are democratic, permissive, and authoritarian parenting styles. The democratic parenting pattern shows the greatest level of acceptance compared to the permissive and authoritarian types. So, it can be concluded that, based on the existing research data, parents have a tendency to instill morals at an early age by using democratic parenting.

Permissive and Authoritarian Parenting Styles as Predictors of Moral Behaviour Among Secondary School Adolescents in Obio/Akpor Local Government Area of Rivers State, Southern Nigeria

The study investigated parenting styles, emotional support and moral behaviour among secondary school adolescents in Obio-Akpor Local Government Area of Rivers state. A sample of 800 students from a population of 15,337 junior secondary school students was used for the study. Simple random and proportionate stratified sampling techniques were used to compose the sample. Six research questions were answered while six corresponding null hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. Three instruments were used for the study. They are the Moral Behaviour Questionnaire (MBQ), the Parenting Styles Survey (PSS), and the Parental Emotional Support Questionnaire (PESQ). The instruments were validated by the researcher’s supervisor and three experts in Psychological Measurement and Evaluation. The reliabilities of the instruments were tested using Cronbach alpha reliability method of internal consistency. Reliability coefficient of the items in the authoritative parenting style at 0.66; authoritarian parenting style at 0.61; permissive parenting style at 0.73; uninvolved parenting style at 0.74; parental emotional support at 0.77; and the moral behaviour at 0.65 were high enough to guarantee their use for the study. Research questions 1 to 5 were answered using simple regression while their corresponding null hypotheses were tested using t-test associated with regression. Research question 6 was answered using multiple regression while its corresponding null hypothesis was tested with Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The results of the study are that parenting styles and parental emotional support predict moral behaviours of students. Based on the findings, some recommendations were made, one of which is that parents, especially mothers should be more intentional in spending time and getting involved with their children so as t enhance the development of their children’s moral behaviour. This study has established empirically that the parenting styles predict moral behaviour.

Structural Relationships Between Assertiveness and Parenting Styles With Mediating Self-esteem and Anxiety of Singleton Children

Objectives: This study aimed to develop an explanatory model of assertiveness based on parenting styles mediated by anxiety and self-esteem. Methods: This study is descriptive-correlational modeling with partial least squares. The statistical population included singleton children of the sixth grade of the elementary school in the 3rd District of Tehran in the academic year 2017-18. The sampling method was multi-stage sampling; eight schools (four all-boys and four all-girls) were randomly selected from all primary schools in the 3rd District of Tehran, then, a sixth-grade class was randomly selected in each school. The singleton students of those classes participated in the present study as the study sample. The sample size was 118 students (81 girls and 37 boys). The instruments of this research included the Persian forms of adaptive and aggressive assertiveness scales (AAA-S), the Baumrind parenting scale, Beck anxiety inventory (BAI), and Rosenberg self-esteem scale (RSES). To analyze the data, the SPSS software, version 26. Results: The results indicated that authoritative and permissive parenting styles had a significant effect on assertiveness among the parenting styles. The total effects indicated that authoritative and permissive parenting styles explained 0.22 and 0.20 of the variances of assertiveness. The results also showed that the authoritarian parenting style had no significant effect on assertiveness. Discussion: The suggested model was acceptably fit, according to the results of the study. Permissive and authoritative parenting styles had impact on assertiveness.

Parenting Styles, Family Characteristics, and Teacher-Reported Behavioral Outcomes in Kindergarten.

It is well established that parenting influences child behavior at home, but less is known about the associations between parenting and teacher reports of child behavior at school, an environment more distal from the home context. This study investigated the presence of authoritarian, authoritative, permissive, and uninvolved parenting styles (PS) in a community sample of 321 parents with kindergarteners (Mage = 5.45 years) in the Northwestern United States. This study analyzed (1) which PS were present, (2) if PS was associated with family characteristics, (3) if teacher reported behavior problems in spring of children's kindergarten year varied by PS, and (4) whether associations between PS and child behaviors were moderated by parenting stress. Study hypotheses were that PS would be associated with family characteristics, that teacher reported child behaviors would differ by PS, and that parenting stress would moderate the relationship between PS and behavior problems at school. Results indicated all PS were present. Chi-squares and ANOVA's identified that PS were significantly associated with parenting stress and child problem behaviors. ANOVAs determined differences in parenting stress and problem behaviors depending on PS. ANOVAs revealed parenting stress moderated the relation between PS and child problem behavior. Few studies to date have analyzed the presence of all four PS among kindergarteners and the relationship this has with teacher-reported classroom behavioral concerns. This study sought to fill this gap as results have implications for targeted parenting prevention interventions to promote children's social and behavioral adjustment during the transition to elementary school.

Accuracy of Sexual and Reproductive Health Information among Adolescent Girls: A Cross-Sectional Study

BackgroundThe leading cause of death for girls aged 15-19 years globally is complications from pregnancy and childbirth. Girls have poor access to sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services, including information. Study ObjectiveTo describe the accuracy of SRH information (SRHI) and its associated factors among adolescent girls in Uganda MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study among girls aged 13-19 years in an urban district and a rural district. The accuracy of SRHI was assessed using a set of 13 questions covering “sex and reproduction,” “condom use,” and “HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases.” Accuracy was categorized as low (≤7 items correct), moderate (8-11 items correct), and high accuracy (≥12 items) according to the number of correct answers. Poisson regression analysis was used to determine factors associated with accurate SRHI using STATA version 14. ResultsOf the 600 girls (mean age: 16.9 years; SD = 3.84), 75.3% were in school. The mean SRHI knowledge score was 9.9. The SRHI accuracy score was low among 6.3% of adolescents, moderate among 80.7%, and high among 13%. Parents with permissive parenting styles had adolescents with low SRHI accuracy compared with disciplinarian/authoritarian parents (IRR = 0.93 [0.885-0.987]; P = .004), whereas parents talking about sex with their adolescents was associated with accurate SRHI (IRR = 1.1 [1.051-1.153]; P < .001). Adolescents who had ever been pregnant had low SRHI accuracy (0.98 [0.911-0.989]; P = .019). There was no difference in SRHI accuracy between the urban and rural districts (P = .45). ConclusionThe low accuracy of SRHI calls for interventions aimed at engaging and training parents, who are considered to be the first in line to provide accurate information to adolescents irrespective of their location. The interventions and training should be culturally appropriate, and parents need to be supported with skills aimed at demystifying SRHI.

Relationship between Permissive Parenting Style and Juvenile Delinquency in Senior High Schools

This study aims to determine the relationship between permissive parenting and juvenile delinquency at SMA Negeri 1 Mojosari. The variables in this study are permissive parenting as the dependent and juvenile delinquency as the independent. This study uses the Stratifed Sampling population in this study was 1,220 students and the sample used was 275 students. The measuring instrument of this study used the permissive parenting style scale and the juvenile delinquency scale. The reliability of the delinquency scale of permissive parenting is 0.817 and the juvenile delinquency scale is 0.865. Data analysis was carried out using descriptive analysis with a quantitative approach with the assistance of JASP. The results in this study indicate a correlation coefficient of Pearson's r= 0.69 with a significance value of &lt; 0.001. It can be concluded that there is a positive relationship between permissive parenting and juvenile delinquency in SMA Negeri 1 Mojosari. This means that the higher the permissive parenting pattern, the higher the juvenile delinquency and vice versa, the lower the permissive parenting pattern, the lower the juvenile delinquency.

Relationship between parenting style with adolescent identity development in Karangploso district, Malang regency Indonesia

Introduction: Adolescents with mental health criteria can form a positive self-identity. One of the developments of self-identity can be influenced by parenting factors. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between democratic, authoritarian, and permissive parenting on the formation of adolescent self-identity in Karangploso District, Malang Regency. Methods: The research design was a cross-sectional study; data were collected using the Parental Authority Questionnaire (PAQ) and the Adolescent Self-Identity Scale. The sample in this study was 80 respondents; the sample selection criteria used a purposive sampling technique and then statistically tested using Spearman rank. This research has obtained ethical approval with the number No.E.5.a/261/KEPK-UMM/XII/2021. Results: The crosstab analysis showed that the most frequently used form of parenting was democratic, with the formation of adolescent self-identity at a moderate level (53.6%). Meanwhile, the bivariate analysis results with Spearman rank showed that the authoritarian, democratic, and permissive parenting styles all had a relationship with adolescent self-identity with a P value of &lt;0.05. Conclusions: The majority of parents apply democratic parenting to form adolescent self-identity; this is because, at this age, adolescents enter a phase of self-discovery with the characteristics of having the ability to think conceptually and want to be appreciated so that the application of this democratic parenting pattern can accommodate the formation of self-identity towards moderate and high.

Is the Effect of Parenting on Substance Use among Adolescents and Young Adults Context Dependent? Evidence from Ten Countries of Southeastern Europe

Related to some inconsistent evidence in the literature, the current study tested the links between three parenting styles and four measures of substance use in samples of adolescents and young adults from ten, socio-economically diverse countries in Southeastern Europe (N = 10,909, 50.3% males, Mage = 21.70, SD = 4.5); it also tested whether these links were moderated by a measure of social progress. Results indicated that only authoritative parenting style was negatively associated with substance use; both authoritarian and permissive parenting styles were positively associated with substance use. The country-level effect on substance use was modest, yet significant; it explained between 1% and 4% of the total variance. Findings also provided some evidence of a moderation effects by social progress. Exploratory follow-up HLM analyses also provided evidence of significant country level social progress effects on alcohol use, soft drug use, and hard drug use; however, no significant cross-level interactions effects were found. Key study implications include positive effects by both authoritarian and permissive parenting on young adult substance use, but importantly, negative ones by authoritative parenting. Findings have important implications for potential intervention and prevention efforts, in addition to addressing potential country-level differences.