Permissive Attitudes Research Articles

Parenting attitudes, career adaptability, and bicultural acceptance perceived by multicultural youth

AbstractThis study explores whether the development of career adjustment and biculturalism among multicultural adolescents in Korean society changes over a three‐year longitudinal period. To this end, a latent growth model (LGM) was adopted to examine the development of career adjustment and biculturalism among such adolescents. This study determines how the parenting attitudes in multicultural families affect the career adjustment and bicultural acceptance of multicultural children in a society with high educational expectations. This study tracks how permissive and authoritarian parents' attitudes change over time in terms of their relationship with their multicultural children, the networks of education and social stability that they establish for multicultural youths, and how they improve parental awareness of their children. For this purpose, taking into account the characteristics of the variables identified in the panel data, parenting attitudes are divided into two types: uninvolved and authoritarian. This study used the data from 2014 to 2016 of the Multicultural Adolescents Panel Study included indicators for bicultural acceptance, career adaptability, and parental nurturing attitudes. The results are as follows: First, this study found that authoritarian parenting attitudes and bicultural acceptance attitudes have positive outcomes, and permissive parenting attitudes, bicultural acceptance attitudes, and career adaptability showed no relationship. Second, career adaptability and bicultural acceptance had a positive (+) effect on career adaptability based on parenting attitudes and a negative (−) one on bicultural acceptance. In addition, authoritarian parental attitudes had a negative (−) impact on career adaptability. Third, authoritarian parental attitudes demonstrated significance for bicultural acceptance, and the rate of change in bicultural acceptance was negative (−) over time.

The Relationship between Adolescent Self-Control and Casual Sexual Behavior

Introduction: Currently, teenagers have a permissive attitude towards unrestricted sexual behavior, this is due to the possibility of dating which facilitates this behavior, so good self-control is needed to prevent promiscuous sexual behavior. This study aims to determine the relationship between adolescent self-control and casual sexual behavior at SMKN 6 Pekanbaru. Method: This research uses a descriptive correlation design with a cross sectional approach. The research sample was 100 respondents taken based on inclusion criteria using probability sampling techniques with a simple random sampling method. This research uses a Likert questionnaire which is valid and reliable. The analysis used is univariate and bivariate analysis using the chi-square test. Results: The majority of respondents had high self-control as many as 58 respondents (58.0%) and high levels of promiscuous sexual behavior as many as 63 respondents (63.0%). The results of statistical tests show that there is no relationship between adolescent self-control and casual sexual behavior with p value (0.987) alpha (0.05). Conclusion: Adolescent self-control does not have a significant relationship with casual sexual behavior. Recommendation: Education and evaluation is needed for students at SMKN 6 Pekanbaru about the negative impacts that can occur if they do not control themselves towards promiscuous sexual behavior.

The impact of Internet pornography on children and adolescents: A systematic review

ObjectivesYoung people's exposure to online pornographic material has increased in the past years. Its impact is a complex topic but an important issue due to growing concerns. Therefore, we reviewed the literature on Internet pornography consumption and its impact on children and adolescents. Furthermore, we examined young people's thoughts about pornography and their reasons for consumption. MethodWe performed a systematic literature search in the online databases ERIC, PsycARTICLES, PsycINFO, and PSYNDEX for peer-reviewed articles in English, published between 2000 and 2022 and additionally identified secondary references. ResultsWe could determine associations between pornography consumption and demographic variables (e.g., age, gender), personal characteristics (e.g., [sexual] sensation seeking, sexual interest and experience, general risk behavior), environmental variables (e.g., peers, family), attitudes (e.g., gender role attitudes, permissive sexual attitudes), behavior (e.g. sexual risk behaviour, sexting) and sexual aggression (e.g., sexual cybervictimization, grooming). Moreover, we found that girls have a more negative attitude towards pornography than boys who have an ambivalent opinion on the subject. Most adolescents are aware that the majority of pornographic material is exaggerated and unrealistic. Furthermore, pornography is not only watched out of curiosity and for sexual arousal but also used as a source of sexual information, especially by minority groups. DiscussionMany effects that impair children's development have been documented. The results found in this review are often contradictory. Therefore, further replication studies are needed. In addition, we propose several preventive measures, e.g., sexual health education at schools for both heterosexuals and LGBT (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender) people.

Cyber bullying and victims among adolescents depending on perceived parental attitudes

Being a cyberbully and being a cyber victim is a common problem that negatively affects the lives and psychological well-being of children and young people. This situation arises with the increase in internet usage. Being a cyber bully and being a cyber victim negatively affects the psychosocial development of children and adolescents. Family environment, parental behavioral attitudes and various factors play an important role in adolescents' involvement in cyber aggression and cyber victimization. Aim: This study aimed to examine the relationships between perceived parental attitudes (democratic, authoritarian, protective and permissive) and cyber bullying (cyber aggression-victimization) in adolescents. These relationships were investigated by taking into account demographic variables such as gender, age, grade level, and own internet usage time. Materials and Methods: The sample of the research consists of 125 high school students between the ages of 14-18 studying at a private high school in Istanbul. Data were collected from students in the classroom using the survey method. As a data collection tool in the research; Personal Information Form, Parental Attitudes Scale and Cyberbullying Scale were used. IBM SPSS Statistic Base 25.0 was used to analyze the data collected in the study. The following analyses, respectively; descriptive, reliability, normality and Pearson Correlation were performed. Conclusion: According to the findings of the research, it was determined that there was a positive and moderate relationship between the characteristics of parents having a permissive attitude (r: 0.365 p: 0.000) and having an authoritarian attitude and the students' exposure to cyber bullying (r: 0.334 p: 0.000). However, it was determined that there was a negative and moderate relationship (r: -0.552 p: 0.000) between parents' democratic attitudes and students' exposure to cyberbullying. Results: According to the results of the research, students' exposure to cyberbullying behavior will increase when they are faced with authoritarian and permissive parental attitudes, and the exposure to cyberbullying behavior will decrease in children of parents whose internet usage time is controlled and who have democratic attitudes.

Attitudes and Laws About Abortion Are Linked to Extrinsic Mortality Risk: A Life-History Perspective on Variability in Reproductive Rights

Abortion policy is conventionally viewed as a political matter with religious overtones. This article offers a different view. From the perspective of evolutionary biology, abortion at a young age can represent prioritization of long-term development over immediate reproduction, a pattern established in other animal species as resulting from stable ecologies with low mortality risk. We examine whether laws and moral beliefs about abortions are linked to local mortality rates. Data from 50 U.S. states, 202 world societies, 2,596 adult individuals in 363 U.S. counties, and 147,260 respondents across the globe suggest that lower levels of mortality risk are associated with more permissive laws and attitudes toward abortion. Those associations were observed when we controlled for religiosity, political ideology, wealth, education, and industrialization. Integrating evolutionary and cultural perspectives offers an explanation as to why moral beliefs and legal norms about reproduction may be sensitive to levels of ecological adversity.

Impacts of Religiosity and Spirituality on Attitudes towards Sexuality Education among Adolescents

The efficacy of school-based sexuality education (SBSE) is associated with adolescents’ attitudes towards sexuality and SBSE. Adolescents are in stage of development during which religiosity and spirituality become a source of influence on their sexual attitudes, which in turn affects their views on SBSE. Western literature suggested that higher levels of religiosity and spirituality are related to conservative sexual attitudes and negative attitude towards comprehensive SBSE. This study examined if Western findings on religiosity and spirituality were applicable to Hong Kong where the society is dominated by values of Chinese culture. A total of 818 secondary school students were recruited for this study via convenience sampling. A questionnaire containing items on demographic characteristics and measuring instruments was developed for data collection. The data revealed that students participated in this study were low in religiosity but relatively high in spirituality. Consistent with Western findings, religious affiliations were association with conservative sexual attitudes, which was accounted for by the mediation of religiosity. Lower levels of religiosity and spirituality were associated with more liberal sexual attitudes. Male students generally hold more permissive attitudes towards sexuality than female students, but female students were more liberal on issues such as abortion, contraception, and homosexuality. As reported in the West, secondary school students in Hong Kong also showed great support for SBSE. Inconsistent with Western findings, students with more conservative sexual attitudes were more supportive of SBSE. Higher levels of religiosity and spirituality were associated more positive attitudes towards SBSE. Furthermore, female students were more supportive of SBSE than male students. These incongruent findings were discussed with reference to the social context of Hong Kong.

Investigation of The Effectiveness of Positive Psychotherapy Based 0-6 Age Family Education Program

In this study, the effect of the 0-6 Age Family Education Program based on Positive Psychotherapy, which was developed for parents with children between the ages of 0-6, on knowledge and awareness levels, parent competencies, parental stress and parental attitudes was examined. 
 The sample of the study consisted of 34 parents with children between the ages of 0-6 who participated from various provinces of Turkey. Data collection was carried out in the spring semester of the 2020-2021 academic year. Positive Psychotherapy Based 0-6 Age Family Education Program consisting of 4 sessions was applied online to the participants. Before the training, the Parental Competence Scale, The Mother-Father Stress Scale, the Parental Attitude Scale, the Personal Information Form created by the researcher to collect the demographic information of the participants, and the Program Evaluation Questionnaire created by the researcher to determine the knowledge and awareness levels of the participants has been applied. After the training, in addition to the forms and scales applied before the training, the End of Program Evaluation Form created by the researcher was applied in order to get the subjective opinions of the participants about the training and the research data were obtained.
 In data analysis studies, t test for the analysis of quantitative data, frequency and percentage analysis, content analysis for qualitative data were used.
 As a result of all these analyzes, it was determined that the Positive Psychotherapy Based 0-6 Age Family Education Program applied to the participants positively increased the knowledge and awareness levels and parental competencies of the participants, and reduced parental stress, authoritarian and protective parental attitudes. It was observed that there was no significant difference on democratic and permissive parental attitudes.

OKUL ÖNCESİ DÖNEMDE ZİHİNSEL YETERSİZLİĞİ OLAN VE OLMAYAN ÇOCUKLARIN EBEVEYNLERİNDE EBEVEYN TUTUMLARININ KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI

Introduction: Child-rearing attitudes of parents have great importance in developing a positive personality structure. Positive child-rearing attitudes contribute to children being beneficial individuals. This study aims to determine and compare the factors affecting the parenting attitudes of the parents of children with and without intellectual disability. 
 Methods: This study was planned with a descriptive design. The data were collected from the mothers of the children using the Parenting Attitude Scale.
 Results: In the comparison of the parenting attitudes of the mothers of the children with and without intellectual disability, there was a statistically significant difference between the Permissive Attitude subscale scores of the mothers. 
 Discussion: Pediatric nurses know about the different parenting attitudes that may change based on family characteristics will be important in evaluating children and their families.

Permissive Attitude towards Premarital Sex Among University Students in Malaysia - Does Childhood Abuse Play A Role?

Introduction: Despite it being culturally forbidden, youth are voluntarily engaging in premarital sex which could lead to poor sexual behaviour in adult life. This nationwide study aimed to determine the prevalence of permissive attitude towards premarital sex among young university students and its associated factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from June 2021 to December 2021 among students attending higher education institutions in Malaysia using stratified random sampling. A self-administered online questionnaire was used that captured participants’ sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge of sexual health, childhood abuse, and attitudes toward premarital sex. Data were analysed using SPSS 27. Results: Out of 1171 respondents, 42.4% have demonstrated permissive attitude towards premarital sex. Half had adequate knowledge on sexual health (50.2%). Among the four types of childhood abuse, only emotional abuse (p=0.02) was found more likely (AOR: 2.01; 95% CI: 1.30-3.12, p=0.02) to have permissive attitude towards premarital sex. Being a Muslim (p<.001) and living in urban area (p=0.03) were protective factors against having permissive attitude towards premarital sex. Participants who have and adequate knowledge on sexual health (p<.001), smoke or vape (p=0.05) and consume alcohol (p<0.001) were more likely to have permissive attitude towards premarital sex. Conclusion: Childhood abuse, especially emotional abuse, should not be underestimated. Permissiveness regarding premarital sex is of great concern. Permissiveness can lead to risky sexual behaviour. Preventive measures should be taken to promote positive attitudes toward premarital sex and to raise awareness about childhood abuse.

Jesus on Marriage, Divorce and Remarriage: A Reflection on Matthew 19:3-12 and Mark 10:2-12 from an Akan Perspective

Marriage, as depicted in both the Old and New Testaments, is considered a sacred institution created by God. However, this sacred institution has been under attack over the centuries and has resulted in a high divorce rate, particularly among Christians. While this might seem discouraging, it does not suggest that there is no hope for this divine institution. That means that Christianity today must help in formulating a truly Biblical view or principles for Christian marriage to reduce the prevalence of divorce. In the Gospels, Jesus spoke about marriage, divorce, and remarriage, condemning the Jewish leaders’ permissive attitude towards divorce. He highlights several principles to emphasize the uniqueness and permanency of marriage that Christians can use as a template for their marriage. This paper thus examined Jesus’ perspective on these topics in Matthew 19:3-12 and Mark 10:2-12 through a literary analysis using related materials. It first explored the context of the selected passages. It also examined four main principles that Jesus presents in the above passage regarding the institution of marriage by analyzing some key Greek words that Jesus used, which are relevant to the topic. These are kataleipō, proskollaō, suzeugnumi, and chōrizetō. The study concluded that the principles highlighted by Christ remain as pertinent in today’s world as they were during his era. Also when believers adhere to Christ’s teachings, Christian marriages can be enhanced and rejuvenated. This write-up adds to the existing literature on the marriage institution. Keywords: Chōrizetō, Divorce, Kataleipō, Marriage, Proskollaō, Suzeugnumi

대학생들의 창의성에 영향을 미치는 요인

Objectives This study was conducted to identify parental authority, bias against creativity, scientific attitude, and creativity of 152 college students in one city, and to identify the factors influencing their creativity.
 Methods The collected data were analyzed using the SPSS 22.0 program and descriptive statistics, independent t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation coefficients. As a result, creativity was positively correlated with fa-ther's permissive parental authority, democratic parental authority, and mother's permissive parenting attitude, Authoritative parental authority, democratic parental authority, and scientific attitude.
 Results The factors influencing creativity were gender, mother's authoritative parental authority, and scientific at-titude, and their explanatory power was 34.7%.
 Conclusions Based on the results of this study, creativity can be cultivated by enhancing scientific attitudes by using various teaching methods in major classes.

Sexual Identity–Behavior Discordant Heterosexuals in Britain: Findings from the National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyle 2010–2012 (Natsal-3)

This study delves into heterosexual identity–behavior discordance, exploring the interaction between sexual identification and behavior in the UK. Analyzing representative 2010 data from the British population (N = 12,472), this research categorizes participants into different groups: nonheterosexual, concordant heterosexual, and three discordant heterosexual categories (closeted, experimenters, and desisters). These groups were compared in terms of sociodemographics, attitudes toward sexuality, risk behaviors, and health indicators. Discordance was associated with permissive social attitudes, including behaviors such as adultery and one-night stands, and with increased substance abuse and risky sexual behaviors, especially among the closeted. Surprisingly, the physical and mental health of discordant heterosexuals was similar to concordant heterosexuals, in contrast to the poorer health of nonheterosexuals. Due to the significant variations in lifestyles and health indicators among different groups, this study highlights the importance of providing targeted services and interventions.

Analysis of the Attitudes towards Sexuality in People with Intellectual Disabilities: A Cross-Sectional Study.

The barriers faced by people with intellectual disabilities are many. One of the areas in which many problems have been identified is the sexual domain. This descriptive study aims to analyze the attitudes of the family environment, professional carers, and the general population toward their sexuality. A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out between 2022 and 2023, using convenience sampling among family members and carers from different centers working with people with intellectual disabilities in Spain, and among the general population not related to people with intellectual disabilities. A total of 583 responses were received and significant differences were found for all variables, with the variables related to family or work proximity being those that provided the most significant and relevant results. It was observed that the male sex has a more paternalistic attitude and that in rural areas there is a more permissive attitude towards the sexuality of people with intellectual disabilities. People who work with people with disabilities have more positive attitudes towards this group, while direct relatives have more paternalistic attitudes. Nursing care in the community and specialized centers should be based on an adequate therapeutic relationship and personalized care.

Young Adults’ Acceptance of Later-Life Sexuality Is Predicted by Their General Sexual Attitudes and Viewing Sex as Leisure

Ageism is entrenched in the contemporary Western society, rendering later-life sexuality negligible and limiting intergenerational understanding of lifespan sexual well-being. This cross-sectional study (1) measured young adults’ extent of knowledge and attitudes toward later-life sexuality, general sexual attitudes, and sex as leisure views and (2) tested whether knowledge about elderly sexuality, gender, sexual attitudes, and sex as leisure views explain/predict attitudes toward later-life sexuality. Data were collected using survey methodology (N = 270; 55.2% women) and analyzed with descriptive statistics and multiple regression. Young adults reported medium knowledge levels and relatively tolerant/permissive attitudes toward later-life sexuality. They also tended to have permissive general sexual attitudes and to view sex as leisure. In turn, young adults’ general sexual attitudes and viewing sex as leisure predicted their acceptance of later-live sexuality, while gender and knowledge levels did not. These findings address meaningful knowledge gaps and contribute to sexual health education combating ageism.

The Effectiveness of a Novel Public Health Campaign to Reduce Parental Provision of Alcohol

Abstract Background Parental provision of alcohol to children is common despite being associated with negative outcomes, including earlier initiation of alcohol use and riskier drinking behaviours. Parental provision can be particularly problematic because it suggests to children that their parents have permissive attitudes to underage alcohol use. This study evaluated the ‘I need you to say no’ mass media public health campaign implemented by the Mental Health Commission in Western Australia (Nov 2018 - Feb 2022). The campaign adopted a novel approach by depicting adolescent children asking their parents to say ‘no’ if they ask for alcohol, alongside information challenging beliefs that provision behaviours are safe and commonplace. Methods Parents in Western Australia (n = 297) were surveyed in March 2022 to examine campaign recognition, perceptions of the campaign, and behaviours enacted due to seeing the campaign. Descriptive analyses were conducted. Two generalised linear models were also run to identify variables associated with positive campaign perceptions and behaviours enacted due to the campaign. Results The campaign was recognised by 4 in 5 parents and was rated by 70+% as being clear, memorable, and believable. Two-thirds of parents reported that the campaign made them concerned about underage drinking and less likely to supply alcohol to minors. Half the sample reported talking to their children about alcohol as a result of seeing the campaign. Perceptions of the campaign did not differ according to demographic characteristics, suggesting the campaign achieved widespread approval across demographic subgroups. Positive perceptions of the campaign were associated with enacting more of the examined harm reduction behaviours (B = .43, p = .002). Conclusions A novel campaign discouraging parental provision of alcohol resonated with parents and motivated harm reduction behaviours. Such campaigns have the potential to reduce alcohol-related harms among underage people. Key messages • A campaign advising parents to not provide alcohol to children was well received. • Such campaigns can challenge permissive attitudes to parental alcohol provision and promote harm-reduction behaviours.

Exploration of Javanese Children's Knowledge and Attitudes about Puberty and Reproductive Health

Every year, adolescent pregnancy cases in Javanese society become challenging. Reproductive health education must be provided before the child enters puberty despite experiencing cultural barriers in its delivery. This study aims to explore children’s knowledge and attitudes about puberty and reproductive health to analyze the need for reproductive health education for children living in Javanese culture. This cross-sectional study sampled 174 children aged 9-11 years in the capital city of Central Java. Children in this study are female (54.6%) and male (45.4%), and 20.1% of them have already experienced puberty. As many as 48.9% of children have low knowledge, especially about puberty signs and menstruation. Most children have good attitudes about reproductive health, but 6.9% are permissive. There is no significant relationship between knowledge and attitudes (p-value=0.606). Puberty status is also unrelated to children’s knowledge (p-value=0.678) and attitudes (p-value=0.291). Permissive attitudes regarding adolescent pregnancy need to be highlighted. This is potentially harmful to children, especially if the child does not immediately engage in proper reproductive health education. The reproductive health educational model does not need to separate children’s classes based on their puberty status. The Ministry of Health and Education needs to improve children’s reproductive health knowledge by considering the character of Javanese society, which is still taboo.

The Analysis of the Juvenile Delinquency Trigger Factors and the Handling Efforts

Transitional period development emerges significant changes in psychological aspects. These changes often lead to values and norms conflict. Juvenile delinquency is caused by unresolved conflicts in childhood during the transitional period. This study aims to: 1) determine the factors that trigger juvenile delinquency; 2) discover juvenile delinquency solution, 3) find out the inhibiting factors for tackling juvenile delinquency. This research uses literature analysis with the data from related literature as analytical material. Data analysis uses descriptive qualitative and exploratory analysis. The results showed, 1) there are internal and external trigger factors for juvenile delinquency; 2) Efforts to overcome the occurrence of juvenile delinquency are through parenting and attention to adolescents, including psycho-education; 3) Inhibiting factors in efforts to overcome juvenile delinquency such as negative peer influence, uncontrolled use of social media, lack of parental attention, and permissive attitude. This research provides information about the juvenile delinquency cause and prevention.

Moderating Role of Sexual Attitudes in the Association between Online Sexual Activity and Problematic Pornography Use: Evidence from the Chinese Community and Help-Seeking Men

Objectives This study aimed to investigate the moderating role of sexual attitudes in the association between online sexual activity (OSA) and problematic pornography use (PPU) in the Chinese context. Specifically, we examined whether incongruence stemming from attitudes (i.e., disapproval of nonmarital and casual sex but engaging in OSA) amplifies the perception of PPU. Methods We recruited two samples of Chinese men, one from the community (N 1 = 525) and the other comprising help-seeking individuals (N 2 = 578). Results Sexual attitudes moderate the relationship between OSA and PPU in both samples, with the predictive influence of OSA on PPU weakening among individuals with a relatively permissive attitude (scored one SD above the mean of sexual attitudes), and strengthened among individuals with a relatively conservative attitude (scored one SD below the mean of sexual attitudes). Conclusions In the conservative sexual cultural context of China, a relatively conservative sexual attitude might strengthen the association between OSA and PPU.

Moroccan Youth and Sexuality: An Empirical Assessment of Visual Media Contribution

Despite the advent of myriads of channels of visual communication, such as social networking sites, the medium of television has managed not only to survive but has rather transcended both time and space to be more readily accessible, be it synchronously or asynchronously and to reach larger audiences in remote and rather disadvantaged areas. However, many critics of televised mediated communication claim that TV offers stereotypical representations of family models gender relations and, at times, inflames racial and ethnic attitudes (Essani, 2007; Makboul, 2007; Marzouk, 2007; & Shalabih, 2007). Many programs aired on Arab satellite television, such as soap operas, sit-coms, and serials, are accused of disseminating illicit practices and allegedly ‘deviant’ sexual orientations. The purpose of this paper, then, is to examine the extent to which heavy viewing of imported television programs lead Moroccan university students to endorse permissive attitudes regarding premarital sex and same-sex sexual practices. One hypothesis was put forth to test these relationships, and a survey was used to collect data from the participants in the study. Results of the statistical analysis moderately corroborate the proposed postulate, and thus the findings generally do lend support to the cultivation theory. The paper closes by outlining key recommendations and suggesting directions for future research.

Changing The Mindset of The Indigenous Dayak Community in West Kalimantan Towards Indigenous Forests as A Result of Palm Oil Plantations

Since the opening of oil palm plantations in 1980 in West Kalimantan, which since 1982 has been managed under the People’s Nucleus Plantation (PIR-Bun) pattern, slowly but surely changing the mindset of indigenous Dayak people towards jungle forests or ulayat lands. Its influence is increasingly felt in the behavior and social life of the local community. The Dayak community has experienced a change in their “world view” of the forest. Those who have been friendly with nature since ancient times and uphold traditional principles, now in their lives, on the one hand, are leaving their ancestral traditions and following the trend of oil palm plantations, but on the other hand, their lives are increasingly cornered by the existence of oil palm plantations. The permissive attitude and pragmatism of those in power have resulted in a change in the “world view” of the local community. They no longer respect nature or forests as “sacred lands”. Society is also increasingly pragmatic, hedonic and consumptive. Local customs and wisdom in the form of family values, mutual cooperation, loyalty to the community, humility, sincerity, respect for nature and each other are increasingly fading. The jungle forest and “tembawang forest” as customary rights have mostly been just stories.