Permeability Of Erythrocyte Membrane Research Articles

Endogenous intoxication syndrome in rats consuming drinking water with different phosphate contents

Abstract. Endogenous intoxication plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of many diseases. The erythrocyte intoxication index and molecular weight medium are informative indicators for its research. The goal is to establish the degree of expression of endogenous intoxication syndrome in white rats against the background of drinking water with different phosphate content for 30 days. Materials and methods. The study was conducted on 36 white purebred male rats weighing 180-200 g, divided into six groups, which for 30 days consumed: the control group – settled water from the city waterworks, the animals of five experimental groups - water with the addition of sodium monophosphate in doses of 100.0; 10.0; 1.0; 0.1; 0.01; mg/dm3 in terms of elemental phosphorus. The level of endogenous intoxication was estimated by the content of molecular weight medium in blood serum at wavelengths λ = 254 and 280 nm and the level of erythrocyte intoxication index, which was determined using the method of A. A. Togaibaev, et al., which is based on the ability of the erythrocyte membrane to absorb methylene blue. Results. It was established that the content of molecular weight medium 254 in the blood serum of experimental animals significantly increased in the 1st group by 65 % (p < 0.05), the content of molecular weight medium 280 in the 1st group by 154 % (p < 0.05), in the 2nd – by 138 % (p < 0.05) and the 3rd – by 64 % (p < 0.05). Consumption of drinking water with added phosphates leads to a significant increase of erythrocyte intoxication index in the 1st group – by 186 % (p < 0.05), in the 2nd – by 142 % (p < 0.05) compared to the control. Conclusions. Consumption of drinking water with different phosphate content for 30 days causes an increase in the level of endogenous intoxication in the body of experimental rats, as indicated by an increase in the permeability of erythrocyte membranes and an increase in the erythrocyte intoxication index and molecular weight medium content, most pronounced at a concentration of 100.0 mg/dm3.

Variant spectrum of PIEZO1 and KCNN4 in Japanese patients with dehydrated hereditary stomatocytosis

Hereditary stomatocytosis (HSt) is a type of congenital hemolytic anemia caused by abnormally increased cation permeability of erythrocyte membranes. Dehydrated HSt (DHSt) is the most common subtype of HSt and is diagnosed based on clinical and laboratory findings related to erythrocytes. PIEZO1 and KCNN4 have been recognized as causative genes, and many related variants have been reported. We analyzed the genomic background of 23 patients from 20 Japanese families suspected of having DHSt using a target capture sequence and identified pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants of PIEZO1 or KCNN4 in 12 families.

Assessment of the Risk of Hypoxia During Pregnancy by Analyzing the Permeability of Erythrocyte Membranes

Assessment of the Risk of Hypoxia During Pregnancy by Analyzing the Permeability of Erythrocyte Membranes

Development of endogenic intoxication in rats under nitrite tobacco toxicosis after carboline application

Summary. Today, more and more attention of researchers is paid to the combined pathologies that may be due to the action of several toxic factors on the body. Interest in elucidating the mechanisms of action of nitrites and nitrates on the body is due to their widespread use in industry, agriculture and medicine. Smoking is a socio-economic phenomenon and one of the most important health problems in Ukraine and around the world, as it is accessible to all and therefore widespread. Intake of exogenous toxicants is accompanied by the development of oxidative stress and the accumulation of toxic products in various organs, the deepening of endogenous intoxication, to eliminate which modern enterosorbents are used. The aim of the study – to determine the degree of endogenous intoxication in rats of different ages under conditions of nitrite-tobacco toxicosis after application of the enterosorbent carboline. Materials and Methods. The experiments were performed on white male rats of different ages that were exposed to tobacco smoke for 45 days and received sodium nitrite 24 hours and 72 hours before the end of the study. One of the groups of rats on the background of toxic poisoning was administered enterosorbent carboline at a dose of 400 mg/kg of body weight. Animals were removed from the experiment on the 30th and 45th day of tobacco intoxication (and after 24 and 72 hours of sodium nitrite poisoning). Results. A study of the content of MetHb in the blood of rats affected by sodium nitrite on the background of tobacco intoxication, showed a progressive increase in all age groups during the experiment. The most pronounced increase in the permeability of erythrocyte membranes was observed in immature rats during the experiment. In the last period of the experiment, this figure increased by 55.6 % in this group of animals. The indicators in senile animals were almost at the same level. The enterosorbent carboline was effective in methemoglobin and erythrocyte intoxication index, reducing these rates in poisoned animals compared to rats that did not receive it. In the experiment, after poisoning of rats of different ages with sodium nitrite on the background of tobacco intoxication in the serum, an increase in the content of MMM of both fractions – MM1 and MM2. Immature rats were more sensitive to the content of endogenous toxins. Throughout the experiment, they had the highest content of medium weight molecules in the serum compared to adult and senile rats. The 30-day use of carboline was effective for all age groups. Conclusions. Under conditions of nitrite-tobacco toxicosis in animals of different ages deepens endogenous intoxication, manifested by increased methemoglobin and erythrocyte membrane permeability, as well as increased content of medium weight molecules in the serum of rats during 45 days of intoxication with tobacco poisoning. Immature rats were the most sensitive to toxicants. The enterosorbent carboline used under these conditions probably reduced all indicators of endogenous intoxication in rats of all ages

Efficient Screening Tests and Gene Mutation Spectrum for Hereditary Stomatocytosis in Japan

Background: Hereditary stomatocytosis (HSt) is a group of congenital hemolytic anemia caused by abnormally increased cation permeability of erythrocyte membranes. The most common subtype is dehydrated HSt (DHSt), and heterozygous mutations of the mechanosensitive calcium channel gene PIEZO1 have been associated with it most frequently. DHSt is suspected by screening tests such as erythrocyte morphology, cation concentration measurements inside and outside the erythrocyte membrane, or osmotic gradient ektacytometry; target-captured sequencing (TCS) is used for definitive diagnosis. We have shown that an increase in the residual red cells (%RRC) in a quantitative osmotic fragility test using a flow cytometer (FCM-OF) is useful as a screening test for DHSt.Purpose: We report the clinical findings and mutation spectrum of Japanese patients with DHSt confirmed by genetic testing.Methods: From April 2015 to June 2021, 27 patients who had a clinical diagnosis of DHSt and provided written consent were genetically tested. The clinical indications were hemolytic anemia with stomatocytes, accompanied by hemochromatosis, a family history, perinatal edema, and severe jaundice. Laboratory tests showed increased MCV, and subjects with an increased %RRC in FCM-OF were analyzed. TCS was performed using a hemolytic anemia-related gene panel.Results: Of the 27 patients, 14 had PIEZO1 variants, 3 had KCNN4 variants, and 2 had ABCB6 variants, for a total of 19 cases diagnosed as HSt. There was 1 SPTB mutation, 1 GCLC mutation, and 6 cases without mutations in genes known to be related to hemolytic anemia. There were 12 previously reported mutations (KCNN4: R352H, PIEZO1: V598M, T2014I, R2488Q, E2496ELE) and 5 novel mutations (KCNN4: P204R, A279T, PIEZO1: 427_428ins9AA, A1457V, K2323T).Notably, 5 E2496ELE mutations were found in unrelated individuals. There were no differences in age at diagnosis and severity of anemia between the E2496ELE mutation and other PIEZO1 mutations, but jaundice was more severe in patients with the E2496ELE mutation (p=0.007).The median age at diagnosis of the DHSt patients was 28 years (range: 2 months to 89 years); there were 6 men and 11 women. Three patients underwent splenectomy, and 2 patients with PIEZO1 mutations had postoperative thrombosis; 1 KCNN4 mutation had no complications, but no improvement in hemolytic anemia. Six patients had gallstones, 3 had fetal ascites, and 11 received red blood cell transfusions. Laboratory test results showed median Hb 10.4 g/dL (6.9-15.6), median MCV 99.7 fL (85-127.4), median MCHC 35.6% (33-39), and median T-Bil 3.4 mg/dL (0.5-37.9). The median ferritin level was 569.3 ng/mL (87.1-3895); of the 14 patients whose ferritin was measured at the time of diagnosis, 6 had already exceeded 1,000 ng/mL. The FCM-OF showed high values in all 16 cases tested.Discussion: Genetic testing was performed on cases in which DHSt was suspected based on clinical findings, smears, and FCM-OF; the diagnosis of DHSt was confirmed at a high percentage. As previously reported, the severity of hemolytic anemia was wide-ranging, and many cases of hemochromatosis were observed. The PIEZO1 mutation is the most common in the Japanese population, and the number of E2496ELE mutations is particularly conspicuous. Patients carrying E2496ELE mutations are reported to have a younger age at diagnosis and more severe hematological findings than other mutations; however, our results showed no significant differences in age at diagnosis or degree of anemia. Since the correlation between PIEZO1 gene mutation and phenotype has not yet been clarified, further research is considered necessary. DisclosuresNo relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

PROTECTION OF RED BLOOD CELLS DURING CARDIOPULMONARY BYPASS

Aim. This study was aimed at developing biocompatibility of extracorporeal components due to the use of «adaptation composition» (AdC), reducing the negative impact of perfusion on the state of red blood cell due to the use of fructose-1,6-diphosphate (FDP) to decrease intraoperative hemolysis and tissue hypoxia.
 Material and methods. The study included 225 patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). The first group included patients who underwent surgery with the treatment of an extracorporeal circuit by AdC, the second group included patients who were administered the drug with the active substance FDP, the third group was the control group. The oxygenator was treated with AdC and PDF was administrated according to the protocol. Patient blood was sampling for complete blood cell count (CBC) and blood smears were at 4 stages of surgery: before CPB, at 10 min. CPB-time, at 60 min. CPB-time (rewarming stage) and after separation from CPB. Several parameters were studied: plasma free hemoglobin (plfHb), the erythrocytes osmotic, mechanical resistance of erythrocytes, erythrocyte membrane permeability (EMP), acid hemolysis, the blood smears were stained according to Pappenheim.
 Results. The best erythrocyte indices, hemolysis, osmotic, mechanical, acid, urea resistance of erythrocytes were observed in the groups where fructose-1,6-diphosphate and «adaptation composition» were used. At the preoperative stage, hypophosphatemia was detected in 16.8% out of 225 patients and 26.6% out of 225 patients have a clear tendency to ones. After CPB, there was no hypophosphatemia in the group where fructose-1,6-diphosphate was administered. The higher peripheralization of reticulocytes, echinocytes, and spherocytes was observed in the control group after perfusion.
 Conclusion. The use of AdC and FDP during CPB helps to reduce hemolysis and the better state of erythrocytes.
 Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) can negatively affect the state of red blood cell. The effect of fructose-1,6-diphosphate and «adaptation composition» on the state of erythrocytes during perfusion was studied.

ВЛИЯНИЕ ЭЛЕКТРОМАГНИТНОГО ИЗЛУЧЕНИЯ НА ПРОНИЦАЕМОСТЬ ЭРИТРОЦИТАРНЫХ МЕМБРАН

The purpose of the survey is to experimentally study the influence of electromagnetic radiation from the decimeter range on the permeability of erythrocyte membranes. The object of the study was the blood of 80 white rats, 60 of them for three months were under the influence of electromagnetic radiation of the decimeter range. 20 animals of the control group were not exposed to electromagnetic fields. The intensity of free radical oxidation was evaluated using chemiluminescent analysis of red blood cells and blood plasma. The permeability of erythrocyte membranes and the content of reduced glutathione in blood erythrocytes were determined spectrophotometrically. A prolonged stay of animals under the influence of an electromagnetic field leads to pronounced changes in chemiluminescence indices in erythrocytes: a decrease in the maximum intensity of chemiluminescence (Imax), light sum (S), and light sum after the maximum value of chemiluminescence (Simax). Despite the increase in the content of glutathione and the chemiluminescent analysis index tg2 reflecting the antioxidant potential, there is an increase in the permeability of erythrocyte membranes under the influence of electromagnetic radiation

METHOD OF ERYTHROCYTE PROTECTION IN URGENT CARDIAC SURGERY

Aim: The use of a simple, safe and convenient method of treatment extracorporeal circuit with «adaptation composition » (AdC) for the reduction of negative impact on the state of erythrocytes and tissue hypoxia. Material and methods: The research included 150 patients. They were divided into two groups. The first group included patients who underwent surgery with the treatment of an extracorporeal circuit by AdC, the second group was the control group. Сomplete blood count parameters, plasma free hemoglobin concentration, erythrocyte mechanical and osmotic resistance, erythrocyte membrane permeability and acid hemolysis were studied. Results: Use of AdC prevents adsorption the blood cells on the surface of the extracorporeal circuit and protects the erythrocytes during cardiopulmonary bypass in urgent cardiac surgery. Conclusions: The treatment of oxygenator with AdC reduces the negative influence СРВ on state of RBC. Membranes of erythrocytes were more resistant to traumatic factors in the group with AdC.

ВЗАИМОСВЯЗЬ СОСТОЯНИЯ БИОМЕМБРАН С ПОКАЗАТЕЛЯМИ ДИСФУНКЦИИ ЭНДОТЕЛИЯ У БОЛЬНЫХ С ХРОНИЧЕСКОЙ ОБСТРУКТИВНОЙ БОЛЕЗНЬЮ ЛЁГКИХ

Objective: Examination the relationship between the state of biomembranes and indicators of endothelial dysfunction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods: 40 patients with COPD at the age of 27-64 years were treated at the City Health Center № 2 named after academician K.T. Tadzhiev. There were 21 men (52.5%), and 19 women (47.5%). The control group is represented by 30 healthy persons, comparable by sex and age. The content of inflammatory markers of vascular endothelium – CRP, fibrinogen and von Willebrand factor (VWF) – was studied. The functional state of erythrocyte membranes was studied by determining of permeability of erythrocyte membranes (PEM) and sorption ability of erythrocytes (SAE). Results: Study of endothelial dysfunction in patients with COPD showed an increase in fibrinogen content by 71.15% (2.6±0.08 and 4.45±0.16 g/L), VWF by 35.4% (95.7±2.3 and 129.6±2.3%) and an increase in serum CRP by 15 times (2.09±0.1 and 32.2±0.1 mg/L). There was a change in PEM and an increase in SAE by 27.8% (39.5±0.5 and 50.5±0.6%, respectively) compared with the control group, that reflects damage of erythrocytes and is considered as a factor of endogenous intoxication. A significant direct relationship was established between SAE and indicators of vascular dysfunction: with VWF (r=0.34; p<0.05) and fibrinogen (r=0.47; p<0.05). Conclusions: The development and progression of COPD are accompanied by dysfunction of the vascular endothelium, the criteria for which are an increase in the level of CRP, fibrinogen and VWF. On the background of COPD, erythrocytes are involved in the pathological process, which is confirmed by an increase in PEM and SAE and with a significant relationship between SAE and endothelial dysfunction. Laboratory manifestations of endothelial dysfunction accompanied by functional impairment of biomembranes (increased PEM and increased SAE), can be considered as a factor of the poor prognosis of COPD. Keywords: COPD , biomembrane, endothelial dysfunction, CRP, fibrinogen, von Willebrand factor, permeability of erythrocyte membranes, sorption ability of erythrocytes.

The level of the general reactivity of erythrocytes membranes in rats with combined action of infrasound

This study focuses on the level of the general reactivity of erythrocytes membranes in rats with combined action of infrasound. The effect on biological features was investigated through the experiments on the rats. Comparative analysis of immunological parameters, the permeability of erythrocyte membranes and the electrical conductivity of blood in rats under the effects of infrasound at a frequency of 15 Hz and intensity 11 dB through exposure time of 3-3600 seconds allowed proving that infrasound causes nonspecific changes at the cellular and subcellular levels of the organism. There was used many different technologies and methods. Based on the obtained results, direct indirect and combined effect of infrasound immunological parameters had clearly increased the total count of leukocyte index and all parameters of differential count of leukocytes as well as appearance immature products in the peripheral blood.

Effect of Triclosan on the Functioning of Liver Mitochondria and Permeability of Erythrocyte Membranes of Marsh Frog (Pelophylax ridibundus (Pallas, 1771)).

The paper examines the effects of the antimicrobial agent triclosan on the functioning of the liver mitochondria of marsh frog (Pelophylax ridibundus (Pallas, 1771)). It was established that triclosan inhibits DNP-stimulated respiration of mitochondria and decreases respiratory control ratio. In addition, triclosan causes the collapse of the mitochondrial membrane potential on both types of substrates. Such an action of triclosan can be mediated by both a protonophore effect and suppression of the activity of complex II and combined activity of complexes II + III (and, to a lesser degree, the combined activity of complexes I + III) of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. It is shown that high concentrations of triclosan enhance the production of hydrogen peroxide during the oxidation of substrates of the complex I by mitochondria, and decrease it in the case of succinate oxidation. It is found that triclosan is able to induce nonspecific permeability of the liver mitochondria of these amphibians, as well as the plasma membrane of erythrocytes. The possible mechanisms of triclosan effect on marsh frog liver mitochondria and red blood cells are discussed.

Changes in the indicators of endogenous intoxication in rats with experimental carcinogenesis and the use of enterosorption

Topicality.Colon cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors. It accounts for 45 % of cases of gastrointestinal cancer in women and 60 % in men. The occurrence of tumors is accompanied by endogenous intoxication syndrome, which requires, in addition to antitumor therapy, the use of accompaniment therapy, in particular, enterosorption.Aim. To find out changes in endogenous intoxication markers in the body of white rats under conditions of induced 1,2-dimethylhydrazine carcinogenesis and after the application of the AUT enterosorbent.Material and methods. The experiments were performed on white male rats, which simulated colon cancer by weekly subcutaneous administration of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine at a dose of 7.2 mg/kg body weight for 30 weeks. Enterosorbent AUT was administered intragastrally daily for 21 days after modeling carcinogenesis at a dose of 1 ml of suspension (which corresponds to0.2 g of pure mass of the product) per100 g of animal body weight. The degree of endogenous intoxication was determined by the erythrocyte index of intoxication and the content of molecules of average weight. The state of the humoral immune system was assessed by the content of circulating immune complexes in the serum.Results and discussion. Under conditions of induced 1,2-dimethylhydrazine carcinogenesis, an increase in the content of all fractions of molecules of average weight was registered. At the same time, an increase in the permeability of erythrocyte membranes was observed, as indicated by an increase in the percentage of erythrocyte intoxication index (the end of the study by 68 %). A statistically significant increase in the content of circulating immune complexes in conditions of chronic neoplastic intoxication was revealed, which reached the highest level in the seventh month of the experiment (335 %). The use of carbon enterosorbent AUT led to the normalization of the studied parameters.Conclusions. The development of induced chemical carcinogenesis is accompanied by a deepening of the endogenous intoxication of the organism. The use of enterosorbent AUT leads to a decrease in the degree of intoxication, which makes it possible to offer it to be included in the treatment regimen of cancer patients in order to alleviate the course of the disease.

ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ СОРБЦИОННОЙ СПОСОБНОСТИ И ПРОНИЦАЕМОСТИ ЭРИТРОЦИТАРНЫХ МЕМБРАН У ДЕТЕЙ И НОВОРОЖДЁННЫХ, ПРОЖИВАЮЩИХ В ЗОНЕ ПОВЫШЕННОГО РАДИАЦИОННОГО ФОНА

Objective: By studying the permeability of erythrocyte membranes (PEM) and the sorption ability of erythrocytes (SAE) to assess functional state of the biological membranes of red blood cells in children living in the area of increased radiation background. Methods: Indicators of SAE and PEM in the blood of 18 newborns and in 20 children from 3 to 5 years old, living in the area of increased background radiation were determined. The control group consisted of 38 children, living in areas with a natural radiation background. The SAE determined by the degree of absorption of methylene blue dye. PEM was determined by the degree of erythrocyte hemolysis in solutions with increasing urea concentration. Results: The rates of SAE in children living under normal radiation background were: in newborns – 37.1±0.2%; in children 3 years old – 37.4±0.2%; in children 4 years old – 37.6±0.2%; and children 5 years old – 37.4±0.2%. At the same time, children living in increased radiation background were found to have significantly increased levels of SAE: newborns – 58.8±0.2%; children 3 years old – 59.1±0.3%; children 4 years old – 59.2±0.2%; and children of 5 years – 59.0±0.3%. As in the children of the control group, in the main group changes in the values of the SAE level depending on age also fluctuated within the statistical error (p>0.05). When comparing PEM data, the children in the main group showed a significant increase compared to the children in the control group. Thus, if in newborn children of the control group, depending on the dilution of urea, PEM ranged from 5.6±0.5% in the I sample and up to 20.1±0.3% in the VI sample, in the main group – from 10.3±0.2% and to 59.3±0.9%, respectively. Similar dynamics were observed in older children: at the age of 3 years, in the control group – from 3.4±0.6% and to 23.4±1.6%, in the main – from 10.3±0.7% and up to 56.8±1.9%, respectively; 4 years of age, in the control group – from 8.2±1.2% and up to 25.2±3.0%, in the main – from 24.1±1.7% to 59.0±0.9%, respectively, and the age of 5 years, in the control group – from 7.5±2.2% to 22.5±2.5%, in the main – from 22.7±3.3% to 55.5±2.1%, respectively. Conclusion: Studies of permeability of erythrocyte membranes and sorption ability of erythrocytes in children living in the area of increased radiation background, revealed significant changes in the properties of erythrocyte membranes, indicating a high level of damage. Keywords: Newborns, children, radiation, sorption ability of erythrocytes, permeability of erythrocyt

Effect of dihydroartemisinin on permeability of human erythrocyte membrane infected plasmodium

In view of the fact that the antimalarial effects of artemisinins are significant but the mechanism has not yet been clarified and there are many different opinions, it is possible that artemisinins can produce high anti-malarial efficacy through various mechanisms and multiple pathways. In addition, the researches on the pathogenesis of malaria "erythrocyte membrane plasmodial surface anion channel (PSAC)" in the past few years have provided more positive findings, which may confirm and discover the new antimalarial mechanism of artemisinins. This paper was as to study the effect of dihydroartemisinin (DHA) in vitro on erythrocyte membrane permeability of HB3 plasmodium infection, with using the mechanism of 5% sorbitol can be used to kill the Plasmodium falciparum in red blood cell membrane selectively, the effectual difference of sorbitol on the killing of P. falciparum with adding DHA or not was detected, so as to investigate whether DHA can affect the permeability of the erythrocyte membrane. Result showed that, Pre-stimulation with 10 nmol·L⁻¹ DHA (the final concentration of plasmodium in vitro culture system) for 30 min could significantly decrease the killing effect of sorbitol on the HB3 plasmodium in the P. falciparum erythrocytic cycle, and DHA may inhibit the permeability of the erythrocyte membrane for preventing sorbitol through the red blood cell membrane, thereby reducing the killing effect of sorbitol on the P. falciparum.

Correlation between gamma-background of environment and indicators of electrolyte metabolism in patients with arterial hypertension depending on the variant of antihypertensive therapy

Arterial hypertension and ischemic heart diseases continue to lead among cardiovascular diseases. In this regard, an importance of fixed-combination antihypertensive therapy is noted. There is an evidence that in years of high solar activity in a group of healthy persons and patients with arterial hypertension and ischemic heart disease reduces the quality of professional activity, cardiovascular diseases exacerbate so that some patients end up developing a heart attack or stroke. There was revealed the correlation between γ-background dynamics of the external environment (within the boundaries of the regional standards) and indicators of electrolyte metabolism in patients with arterial hypertension with different temperament and anxiety, which take an empirical variant of antihypertensive therapy or another variant targeted to the blockade of temperamental peculiarities of psychosomatic status, the most effective antihypertensive therapy was determined. When the power of γ-background in medium was increased, the concentration of potassium and magnesium in blood serum and erythrocytes decreased, but the concentration of sodium increased as the erythrocyte resistance decreased. These shifts are closely related to the increase in osmolar pressure of blood plasma, permeability of erythrocyte membranes for sodium ions, and hemolysis (low resistance of red blood cells, increased indirect bilirubin), and hepatocytes (increase of direct bilirubin). On the background of the targeted antihypertensive therapy the severity of the processes is low and nearly similar to those in healthy persons of corresponding temperament that is the evidence of high efficiency of targeted treatment option.

Effects of the Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug Celecoxib on Mitochondrial Function.

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used to treat inflammation and pain. In the present study, we examined the effects of celecoxib, a cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-selective NSAID, on rat liver mitochondrial function. Celecoxib dose-dependently induced mitochondria swelling, which was not suppressed by cyclosporine A (CsA). The oxygen consumption rate in mitochondria-suspended solution was facilitated by the addition of celecoxib, and its uncoupling activity was observed. Celecoxib also suppressed SF6847-induced uncoupling, and appeared to exert inhibitory effects on the electron transport chain. Celecoxib suppressed the state 3 oxygen consumption rate in the presence of ADP. Protein release from the mitochondrial matrix was detected following the addition of celecoxib, and aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) and hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) synthase 2 (HMGCS2) bands were confirmed in a Western blot analysis. On the other hand, protein release of cytochrome C (CytC), which is an inducer of apoptosis, from the intermembrane space was not observed. Celecoxib enhanced the membrane permeability of human erythrocytes and synthesized liposomes dose-dependently. It then induced the membrane-involving mitochondrial swelling and suppressed mitochondrial function.

The effect of nanochromium citrate on the osmotic resistance of erythrocyte membranes in rats with the experimental diabetes mellitus

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a serious medical and social problem because of its wide spread in the world and a steady tendency to increase the number of patients. Aim. To study the effect of nanochromium citrate on osmotic resistance of erythrocyte membranes of animals with diabetes mellitus.Materials and methods. The study was performed on 18-month laboratory male rats. Diabetes mellitus was caused by dexamethasone (0.125 mg/kg, subcutaneously during 14 days). Nanochromiun citrate (NCC) was introduced into the stomach (0.01 mg/kg during 14 days). Permeability of erythrocyte membranes (the erythrocyte osmotic stability) was detected by the erythrocyte resistance in the mixture of isotonic solutions of urea and sodium chloride with their different volumetric composition. The osmotic hemolysis degree (%) was measured by photocolorimetry in relation to the optic density of the standard urea solution. The erythrocyte membrane osmotic resistance (EMOR) – (% of hemolyzed cells) was compared with the similar index in the control intact animals. The glucose level in the blood was measured by a glucometer.Results. In animals with the experimental DM in addition to the elevated glucose level in the blood to 14.2 ± 0.4 mmol/L the percentage of hemolyzed erythrocytes increased by 8.2-2.3 times compared to the control according to the increased concentration of urea in the solution. The increased permeability of erythrocyte membranes resulting in the reduced osmotic resistance of erythrocytes and their hemolysis is indicative of lipid peroxide oxidation (LPO) activation and decrease in activity of the antioxidant defense system in animals with DM. Introduction of NCC in DM reduced the glucose level in the blood to 6.6±0.4 mmol/L and increased EMOR considerably, and it indicates the presence of NCC membrane-protective properties.Conclusions. In case of the experimental (dexamethasone) DM the erythrocyte membrane osmotic resistance decreases, destructive processes are activated, resulting in their accelerated destruction. NCC decreases the glucose level in the blood of animals with DM and increases osmotic resistance of erythrocyte membranes.

Effect of decreasing glucose concentration in blood plasma after blood saturation with oxygen

It was experimentally detected that the glucose concentration in blood plasma decreases after venous blood saturation with oxygen (oxygenation process). This effect was recorded for several tens of donor blood samples using IME-DC (Germany) and Optium Omega (USA) portable glucometers, as well as an optical method using holographic sensors based on hydrogel polymer films, independent of the presence of oxygen in plasma. During blood oxygenation in the organism, glucose is redistributed between blood plasma and erythrocyte cytoplasm in favor of cytoplasm. The observed effect is explained by an increase in the electric field during blood oxygenation in lipids of the erythrocyte cytoplasmic membrane, which orients dipoles of asymmetric glucose molecules along the normal to the membrane surface. This results in erythrocytemembrane permeability asymmetry.

Determination of glucose exchange rates and permeability of erythrocyte membrane in preeclampsia and subsequent oxidative stress-related protein damage using dynamic-19F-NMR

The cause of the pregnancy condition preeclampsia (PE) is thought to be endothelial dysfunction caused by oxidative stress. As abnormal glucose tolerance has also been associated with PE, we use a fluorinated-mimic of this metabolite to establish whether any oxidative damage to lipids and proteins in the erythrocyte membrane has increased cell membrane permeability. Data were acquired using 19F Dynamic-NMR (DNMR) to measure exchange of 3-fluoro-3-deoxyglucose (3-FDG) across the membrane of erythrocytes from 10 pregnant women (5 healthy control women, and 5 from women suffering from PE). Magnetisation transfer was measured using the 1D selective inversion and 2D EXSY pulse sequences, over a range of time delays. Integrated intensities from these experiments were used in matrix diagonalisation to estimate the values of the rate constants of exchange and membrane permeability. No significant differences were observed for the rate of exchange of 3-FDG and membrane permeability between healthy pregnant women and those suffering from PE, leading us to conclude that no oxidative damage had occurred at this carrier-protein site in the membrane.

The influence of acute hypoxia on the functional and morphological state of the black scorpionfish red blood cells.

The investigation of the mechanisms of red blood cell steadiness to the oxygen lack in tolerant teleosts is of current scientific interest. Black scorpionfish, Scorpaena porcus L., is a widespread benthal species in the Black Sea and is highly resistant to hypoxic influence. The morphological state of black scorpionfish red blood cells under acute hypoxia was assessed using DNA-binding dye SYBR Green I and fluorescent microscopy. Changes in membrane potential of mitochondria and functional activity of cells were determined by rhodamine 123 (R123) and fluorescein diacetate (FDA) fluorescence. Oxygen deficiency leads to bidirectional changes in volume of erythrocytes and their nuclei. Between 0.57 and 1.76mg О2l-1, both parameters increased on 3-12 and 7-21%, respectively. At 1.76-4.03, cells shrank on 1.5-6.0% and nucleus size decreased on 1.5-3%. Acute hypoxia induced a significant increase of R123 (12-60%) and FDA (30-184%) fluorescence. These reactions are caused by a probable decrease in erythrocyte membrane permeability.