Vitrimers, which combine the permanent structure of thermosets with the recyclability of thermoplastics, are expected to be the next generation of thermosets used in the composites. The dynamic behavior of vitrimers under high–strain rate loading is becoming increasingly important as they will be used in composite structure subjected to impact loading, however, these studies have not been reported. Herein, we investigate the dynamic behavior of epoxy–based vitrimers under high–strain rate loading by split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) system. The widely studied epoxy–based vitrimers is prepared by adding very small amount of special catalyst into the conventional epoxy. The true stress – strain curves of epoxy–based vitrimers as well as conventional epoxy under the strain rates of 800/s, 2000/s and 4000/s are obtained. The effect of strain rate and the content of catalyst on the deformation behaviors are discussed in details. Moreover, a strain rate–dependent phenomenological constitutive model is developed. Finally, the absorbed energy density is obtained, and the reasons for the energy density improvement from traditional epoxy to epoxy–based vitrimers is discussed. This work explores the great potential of vitrimers in improving the impact performance of thermosets.