Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Research Articles

Numerical and analytical investigations of the water immersion cooling strategy for a permanent magnet synchronous motor

AbstractPermanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) experience considerable performance degradation due to the rise in temperature and the resulting partial demagnetisation in the PMs, as well as the shortenings in the insulations' lifetime. To mitigate the temperature of motor components, it is crucial to investigate and continually improve the design of efficient cooling systems. This study implements the water immersion cooling (WIC) concept on a surface‐mounted PMSM (SMPMSM), where through comparing its cooling performance with the forced ventilation cooling (FVC), it is indicated that, even at high inlet velocities for the latter, it cannot maintain the temperature below the specified thresholds and the required input electric power to run the ventilation fan will be increased exponentially to compensate for its ineffectiveness. While in the WIC configuration, the winding and PM temperature values remain well below the margins when the heat transfer coefficient of this method is 40 higher than the FVC. By incorporating the effect of the cooling process through the heat transfer coefficient, the lumped‐parameter thermal network (LPTN) is utilised to study the operation mode of the motor under the mentioned cooling configurations. Besides achieving higher cooling efficiency, the WIC strategy can quickly reduce temperature, which is reflected in the thermal time constant of the cooling method extracted from the LPTN. Consequently, it is demonstrated that up to 35 higher than the nominal generated heat, the SMPMSM under the WIC can operate continuously, while for the FVC, the frequent start‐stop driving scenario should be employed.

Modeling of a permanent magnet synchronous motor for an aircraft based on Simulink

Modeling of a permanent magnet synchronous motor for an aircraft based on Simulink

Effect of Primary Opening Auxiliary Slot and Changing Side Tooth Structure on Magnetic Resistance of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Linear Motor

Effect of Primary Opening Auxiliary Slot and Changing Side Tooth Structure on Magnetic Resistance of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Linear Motor

Low-Complexity Model Predictive Control for Series-Winding PMSM with Extended Voltage Vectors

This paper proposes a low-complexity model predictive current control (MPCC) strategy based on extended voltage vectors to enhance the computational efficiency and steady-state performance of three-phase series-winding permanent magnet synchronous motors (TPSW-PMSMs). Compared to conventional MPCC methods, this approach increases the number of candidate voltage vectors in the alpha–beta plane from 8 to 38, thereby achieving better steady-state performance. Specifically, the proposed method reduces the total harmonic distortion (THD) by 59%. To improve computational efficiency, a two-stage filtering strategy is employed, significantly reducing the computational burden. The number of voltage vectors traversed in one control period is reduced from 38 to a maximum of 4, achieving an 89% reduction in traversals. Additionally, to mitigate the impact of zero-sequence currents, zero-sequence current suppression is implemented within the control system for effective compensation. By combining low computational complexity, reliable steady-state performance, and real-time control capabilities, this strategy provides an efficient solution for TPSW-PMSM systems. Simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Efficiency optimization of spoke-shaped interior permanent magnet synchronous motor using FEA integrated Rao-algorithms and its thermal analysis

Efficiency optimization of spoke-shaped interior permanent magnet synchronous motor using FEA integrated Rao-algorithms and its thermal analysis

Model-Free Generalized Super-Twisting Fast Terminal Sliding Mode Control for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors

Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSMs) are nonlinear, multi-parameter systems that exhibit structural symmetry but are susceptible to parameter variations and external disturbances. These challenges can disrupt the inherent symmetrical characteristics of PMSM dynamics during real-world operations, posing difficulties for achieving efficient control. To address this issue, this paper proposes a Model-Free Generalized Super-Twisting Algorithm Fast Terminal Sliding Mode Control (MFFTSMC-GSTA) method. First, a novel ultra-local model incorporating PMSM uncertainties is established, and the MFFTSMC-GSTA controller is designed to address the system’s complex dynamic behavior. By integrating the generalized super-twisting algorithm with the nonsingular fast terminal sliding mode algorithm, the proposed controller ensures finite-time convergence and effectively mitigates chattering. Second, an extended sliding mode disturbance observer is developed to estimate the unknown components of the ultra-local model and provide feedforward compensation, further enhancing system robustness and dynamic performance. The experimental results show that the total harmonic distortion (THD) value of the proposed control method is 1.38%, demonstrating significant improvements in response speed and robustness for motor speed control, and verifying the algorithm’s superior performance under complex operating conditions.

Analytical Calculation of Magnetic Field and Temperature Field of Surface Mounted Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor

Analytical Calculation of Magnetic Field and Temperature Field of Surface Mounted Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor

Extended-control-set model-free predictive current control for surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous motors

Extended-control-set model-free predictive current control for surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous motors

A Review of Analysis and Existing Simulation Model of Three Phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Drive (PMSM)

A Review of Analysis and Existing Simulation Model of Three Phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Drive (PMSM)

Extending the range of dual-zone permanent magnet synchronous motor control

Achieving a twofold increase in the rotation speed of a permanent magnet synchronous motor while maintaining its power characteristics at the original level permits to increase the productivity and quality of material processing on metal-cutting machines. The theoretical study has been conducted using the mathematical model of a permanent magnet synchronous motor. The new control algorithm provides for two working zones: a nominal speed zone where the required power parameters are maintained (the first zone), and a high speed zone with a twofold increase in the rotation speed relative to the nominal (the second zone). To assess the efficiency of the developed algorithm, numerical modeling and comparative analysis with traditional control methods for a permanent magnet synchronous motor have been performed. The obtained results have demonstrated the advantages of the proposed approach permitting a twofold increase in the speed of the main drive of a metal-cutting machine without deteriorating its energy characteristics. The data of the theoretical study have been confirmed by simulation modeling of a closed system in the SimInTech software package. The developed control algorithm can be used to optimize the operation of main drives based on a permanent magnet synchronous motor as part of metalworking equipment.

A New Adaptive Control Design of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Systems with Uncertainties

Symmetry is widely present in science and daily life. And the internal structure of surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) has good symmetry. This article is dedicated to studying the tracking problem of PMSMs with adaptive and backstepping control methods. The research objective of this study is to design new adaptive controllers Uq and Ud, which enable the state of the motor position servo system to asymptotically and stably track the given signals of the system. They can suppress the impact of changes in B, J, and TL and can also enhance the robustness of the system. (i) The strongly coupled current and speed, variation of parameters over time, and nonlinearity of motor torque objectively pose significant challenges in the design of adaptive tracking controllers for PMSMs. (ii) Adaptive control technology and backstepping control methods are used for designing controllers for the PMSMs. (iii) After rigorous reasoning, an intelligent adaptive tracking control strategy for the PMSMs has been derived, which is for the direct axis current and the angle. (iv) The new adaptive tracking controllers are superior to existing controllers in that they can strongly suppress the disturbance of system parameters J, TL, and B, make the system state asymptotically stable, and achieve good tracking performance for the given signals. The results of the simulation indicate the validity of the designed control strategy.

Finite-time control design for permanent magnet synchronous motor speed regulation system

This paper considers the finite-time speed regulation problem of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) servo system. Based on homogeneous system theory, a finite-time proportional-integral controller is first constructed for the d-axis current loop system, such that the desired current can be tracked in finite time. To overcome the influence of the unmatched load torque disturbance of the second-order model for the speed regulation system, a nonlinear integral dynamic is introduced. Then, based on an appropriate coordination and homogeneous system theory, a new finite-time proportional-integral-derivative controller is constructed. Strict theoretical analysis based on Lyapunov stability theory is provided to verify the finite-time stability of the corresponding closed-loop system. Finally, numerical simulation and experimental results are conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed finite-time control method.

Improved non‐cascaded continuous‐set model‐free predictive control scheme for PMSM drives

AbstractThis article presents an improved multiple‐step model‐free predictive control (MS‐MFPC) method for permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drives. Specifically, a reduced‐order MS‐MFPC based on an ultra‐local model, which employs only the input and output of the plant without addressing any motor parameters, is developed to enhance the robustness and reliability of the non‐cascaded PMSM system in the presence of parametric uncertainties. Meanwhile, the decoupled form of algebraic ultra‐local model is derived to extend the prediction horizon to multiple steps without increasing the computational burden. Besides, in order to improve the dynamic performance, an online adaptive modification approach is embedded into this suggested design to enhance the cost function calculation for the first time. Compared with the conventional continuous control set‐model predictive control (CCS‐MPC) method, our development not only achieves the smaller overshoot, settling time and steady‐state error, but also attenuates the inherent issue of system uncertainties in widely existing industrial application. Finally, the proposed MS‐MFPC methodology is experimentally assessed for a PMSM test bench, where steady‐state and transient‐state performance tests confirm the interest of the proposal.

Iterative Fast Super-Twisting Flux Sliding Mode Observer for SPMSM with Tangent Quadrature Phase-Locked Loop

Traditional low-order flux sliding mode observer (FSMO) and quadrature phase-locked loop (QPLL) structures generally encounter issues such as estimated signal chattering and inadequate dynamic performance. To overcome these challenges, this paper proposes an iterative fast super-twisting flux sliding mode observer (IFST-FSMO) and a tangent quadrature phase-locked loop (TQPLL) for sensorless control of surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous motors (SPMSMs). Building on the traditional super-twisting algorithm (STA), the IFST-FSMO is proposed to accelerate convergence and enhance chattering suppression, which incorporates a linear term and utilizes the hyperbolic tangent function to replace the intrinsic sign function. Notably, the feedback matrix is redesigned to ensure the algorithm’s stability during speed reversal. Furthermore, an iterative calculation strategy is implemented under low-speed and light-load conditions, improving steady-state accuracy of estimated flux while avoiding increased computational burden at medium and high speeds. Regarding position estimation, a novel TQPLL with correction factor is proposed, utilizing the tangent function of the electrical angle error to achieve normalization and bandwidth adaptation. Ultimately, the proposed method is implemented on a motor test platform. Comparative experimental results demonstrate that the IFST-FSMO combined with TQPLL exhibits superior dynamic response and steady-state accuracy, while achieving efficient speed reversal.

Rotor Position Estimation Method for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Based on High-Order Extended Kalman Filter

To address the issue of decreased rotor position estimation accuracy in permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) caused by linearization rounding errors in the extended Kalman filter (EKF), this paper proposes a rotor position estimation method for PMSMs based on higher-order extended Kalman filtering. This method relies on the state-space equations of a PMSM in a stationary coordinate system and establishes a higher-order Taylor series expansion based on the least squares approach. It constructs a prediction and update model for the state variables using the higher-order Taylor series expansion and designs an algorithm for estimating the rotor position of PMSMs based on higher-order extended Kalman filtering. The simulation results indicate that, compared to the EKF, the proposed method reduces the root-mean-square error by 10%.

Model predictive control for hydrogen fuel cell–driven multi-level permanent magnet synchronous motor drive

ABSTRACT This paper proposes a Model Predictive Control (MPC) strategy for a three-level Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) drive powered by a Hydrogen Fuel Cell (HFC). The integration of HFC with electric propulsion systems offers a promising avenue for sustainable transportation characterized by high efficiency and low environmental impact. The MPC algorithm optimally manages the power flow between HFC and PMSM drive by predicting future events, with consideration of dynamic interactions and constraints in the system. The proposed MPC strategy was validated through simulation results, which showed a reduction in hydrogen consumption up to 10 liters per minute (lpm) when operating at low speeds, compared to the constant flow of 60 lpm at full power. The system also achieved a nominal motor speed of 1483 rpm at 100 lpm of hydrogen flow, however considering the availability of Oxygen (21%) in the air 50–70 lpm of hydrogen flow will be the optimal. The findings highlight the effectiveness of the MPC approach, resulting in an increase in the HFC stack efficiency under varying motor speed conditions. This research underscores the potential of integrating HFC with three-level PMSM drives, offering a sustainable solution for advanced electric propulsion systems with enhanced energy efficiency and environmental sustainability.

Performance Comparison and Characterization of IPMSM Drives Fed by Symmetrical and Asymmetrical Cascaded H-Bridge Inverters

This paper presents a comparative analysis of interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) drives powered by symmetrical and asymmetrical cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverters. The asymmetric topology operates using multiple DC sources with different voltage values, generating a voltage waveform with more output voltage levels than its traditional counterpart, all while maintaining the same hardware configuration. The main goal is to demonstrate that asymmetrical multilevel inverters are a promising option for improving the performance of electric drives while maintaining cost-efficiency and reliability. The proposed comparison is conducted through simulations in the MATLAB/Simulink R2024a environment, which allows an in-depth analysis of the dynamic performance of the electric drive. Additionally, the variation of the DC link input power of each H-bridge and the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) of the voltage and current of the output of the converters were studied for different operating conditions in both cases. The obtained results were confirmed through real-time validation, demonstrating the applicability of electric drives powered by asymmetric converters and the advantages, in terms of efficiency, harmonic content and dynamic performance, in certain conditions of operation in terms of speed and applied load.

Analytical Calculation of Mutual Inductance of Search Coils in Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor

Inductance is an important parameter for motor design and control, and the performance of the motor is closely related to the inductance parameter. To solve the problem of the complex magnetic circuit structure of search coil mutual inductance, this paper takes an 8-pole and 48-slot interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) as the object to carry out the relevant research on the formula of search coil mutual inductance, illustrates the method of calculating the mutual inductance of the search coil, and compares and verifies the proposed method through finite element analysis and the actual measurement results. By setting up a procedure for calculating the magnetic flux of the search coil, the magnetic flux of each sub-coil of the search coil is analyzed and calculated. The mutual inductance of the search coil is calculated by summing up the magnetic chains of different sub-coils between the phases of the search coil. Lastly, the finite element simulation of the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) with the placement of the search coil is carried out, the inductance of the search coil in the experimental prototype is measured practically, and the finite element simulation results of the mutual inductance of the search coil are compared with the actual measurement results, which proves the correctness of the theoretical analysis.

I-f Control Method for SynRMs Uses Simple Inductance Identification and Voltage Injection for Current and Angle Control.

The sensorless vector control method of synchronous reluctance motors (SynRMs), based on extended back electromotive force (EMF) or flux observation, has been widely applied in the medium- or high-speed range. However, in the low-speed and low-current range, the extended back-EMF and flux are nearly zero. The use of the current frequency (I-f) control method can enable the motor to pass through the low-speed region, thereby ensuring that the back-EMF and flux reach a large value. I-f control methods that are widely used in permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) may encounter many problems when applied to SynRMs. The most serious issue is the inability to adjust the current amplitude to control the rotor angle and achieve a smooth transition to sensorless control. Based on various issues, this article proposes an I-f control method with four stages that can be used in SynRMs. This method uses a simple inductance identification method to solve the flux saturation phenomenon of SynRMs and then uses high-frequency voltage injection to continuously adjust the current amplitude and rotor angle position in conjunction with this inductance identification method. The effectiveness of this method is experimentally demonstrated on a 5.5 kW SynRM.

Decoupling Algorithm for Online Identification of Inductance in Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors Based on Virtual Axis Injection Method and Sensorless Control

Among the existing sensorless control algorithms for permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs), the model reference adaptive system (MRAS) is widely utilized due to its merits of good robustness, high stability, and rapid response. Nevertheless, the performance of the sensorless control is largely determined by the identified inductance parameters. The virtual-rotary-axis high-frequency injection (VHFSI) method is an online identification strategy for PMSM inductance parameters which is not affected by the observed rotor position errors among inductance identification algorithms. However, the existing PMSM inductance online identification algorithm based on VHFSI has ignored the influence of the error components, resulting in low accuracy and the weak dynamic performance of the inductance identification algorithm. In response to the problems existing in the original method, this paper improves VHFSI by designing a feedforward decoupling algorithm to compensate for the error components. Theoretical verification and simulation results indicate that the improved identification algorithm enhances the accuracy of inductance parameter identification, significantly improves the dynamic tracking performance of inductance identification, and combines it with the MRAS sensorless control method to constitute a sensorless control system for the motor, thereby enhancing control performance and system stability.