Permanent Magnet Slice Research Articles

Active disturbance rejection control of a bearingless permanent magnet slice motor

Abstract Bearingless permanent magnet slice motor has the advantages of easy stator-rotor isolation, no contact, simple structure, and high integration, which is a significant feature in the ultra-pure field of biology, chemistry, medical treatment, semiconductor manufacturing, aerospace, and other applications, as well as high-speed drive field. To realize the control of a bearingless permanent magnet slice motor, the mechanism of torque control, as well as suspension control, is systematically analyzed. On this basis, a simplified control parameter design method for decoupling torque and suspension is proposed, and the parameter tuning rules are given. For the problem of insufficient anti-disturbance performance of the suspension control under the traditional linear active disturbances rejection controller (LADRC), an improved LADRC strategy based on known disturbances is proposed, and an expansion state observer (ESO) with partially known disturbances is designed. The suspension accuracy and robustness of the system are verified by simulating the motor control with a Matlab/Simulink module. Finally, the improved LADRC control is used in a BPMSM prototype. The simulation and experimental results show that the improved LADRC control with the addition of known perturbations effectively improves the suspension control stability and accuracy compared to the traditional LADRC control.

Practical Comparison of Two- and Three-Phase Bearingless Permanent Magnet Slice Motors for Blood Pumps

The majority of bearingless permanent magnet slice motors (BPMSMs) used in commercially available rotary blood pumps use a two-phase configuration, but it is unclear as to whether or not a comparable three-phase configuration would offer a better performance. This study compares the performance of two-phase and three-phase BPMSM configurations. Initially, two nominal designs were manufactured and empirically tested for their performance characteristics, namely, the axial stiffness, radial stiffness, and current force. Subsequently, finite element analysis (FEA) models were developed based on these nominal devices and validated against the empirical results. Simulations were then employed to assess the sensitivity of performance characteristics to variations in seven different geometric features of the models for both configurations. Our findings indicate that the nominal three-phase design had a higher axial stiffness and radial stiffness, but resulted in a lower axial-to-radial-stiffness ratio when compared to the nominal two-phase design. Additionally, while the nominal two-phase design shows a higher current force, the nominal three-phase design proves to be slightly superior when the force generated is considered relative to the power usage. Notably, the three-phase configuration demonstrates a greater sensitivity to dimensional changes in the geometric features. We observed that alterations in the air gap and rotor length lead to the most significant variations in performance characteristics. Although most changes in specific geometric features entail equal tradeoffs, increasing the head protrusion positively influences the overall performance. Moreover, we illustrated the interdependent nature of the head height and rotor height on the performance characteristics. Overall, this study delineates the strengths and weaknesses of each configuration, while also providing general insights into the relationship between specific geometric features and performance characteristics of BPMSMs.

Active Disturbance Rejection Control of Bearingless Permanent Magnet Slice Motor Based on RPROP Neural Network Optimized by Improved Differential Evolution Algorithm

Active Disturbance Rejection Control of Bearingless Permanent Magnet Slice Motor Based on RPROP Neural Network Optimized by Improved Differential Evolution Algorithm

A sliding mode control of the bearingless permanent magnet slice motor for the blood pump based on the GAPSO

In this paper, we proposed a sliding mode control method for the bearingless permanent magnet slice motor for the blood pump based on the genetic particle swarm algorithm, which aims to solve the problems of strong coupling, strong interference, nonlinearity and uncertainty. Firstly, the mathematical model of rotor torque and suspension force of the bearingless permanent magnet slice motor is established. Secondly, the structure of sliding mode observer is deduced by designing sliding mode surface and control law. And, the performance parameters of sliding mode observer are optimized by the genetic particle swarm optimization algorithm. Thirdly, electromagnetic torque and suspension force control under this control method is studied by Simulink. Finally, the control method is applied to the control of the blood flow of the blood pump, and the rotation speed can effectively control the blood flow. The results indicate that compared with PID control and traditional sliding mode control methods, the sliding mode control method optimized by the genetic particle swarm optimization algorithm greatly improves the control performance of bearingless permanent magnet slice motor. The results show that the blood flow can meet expectations with a small error, which fully meets the blood perfusion requirements of the blood pump.

Three-Vector Model Predictive Suspension Force Control for Bearingless Permanent Magnet Slice Motor

Aiming at the defects of signal detection and transmission delay leading to the reduction of control accuracy in the digital control of bearingless permanent magnet slice motor(BPMSM), a three-vector model predictive suspension force control(MPSFC) strategy is proposed. Firstly, the suspension force prediction model of the BPMSM is established and the dead-beat principle is used to calculate two active voltage vectors and a null vector duty cycle. Then, according to the principle of the minimum switching state in one control cycle, simplifying the candidate voltage vector combinations, which effectively reduces the calculation amount and inverter switching frequency. Finally, the simulation and experimental results show that the proposed three-vector MPSFC strategy of the BPMSM can not only effectively improve the control accuracy, but also implement the stable suspension of the rotor. In addition, it has good static and dynamic response characteristics.

A novel bearingless interior permanent magnet slice motor driven blood pump

A novel bearingless interior permanent magnet slice motor driven blood pump

Sensorless control of the BPMSM for artificial heart based on the improved SMO, the improved HFI and the GAPSO algorithm

BackgroundIncrease in volume in the bearingless permanent magnet slice motor (BPMSM) control system for artificial hearts is the major problem in the existing works. ObjectiveA sensorless control method of the BPMSM for the artificial heart is proposed in the study based on an improved sliding mode observer (SMO) and improved high-frequency injection method. Also, a full-speed rotor position detection method combining the high-frequency injection (FHI) method and sliding mode observer is designed. MethodologyIn this method, an improved high-frequency injection method was designed in the low-speed domain, and an improved sliding-mode observer was designed in the medium–high-speed domain. Besides, the speed domain switching method based on the genetic particle swarm optimization (GAPSO) algorithm was adopted at the critical point of the low-speed domain and the medium and high-speed domain to realize the smooth switching between different estimation methods, and then realize the sensorless control of the rotor in the full speed domain. Secondly, the simulation study by Simulink was used to compare the detection effects of the BPMSM rotor position and speed of the artificial heart pump under different methods are compared in this work. ResultThe results show that the speed estimation value and rotor position estimation value of the new method in this paper were closer to the actual value, the position estimation error is 3%, and the speed estimation error was within 1.5%. Further, the experimental study was carried out on the principal prototype of the sensorless control part of the artificial heart to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. ConclusionThe method proposed in this paper has certain generality in the field of motor sensorless control technology, and has important reference value for researchers in this field.

A novel bearingless interior permanent magnet slice motor for pump*

A 2 pole bearingless interior permanent magnet (IPM) motor with slice rotor configuration is presented in this paper. A novel IPM rotor is designed considering various specifications such as force constant, torque constant and cogging torque. Cogging torque and resulting vibrations affects the motor and levitation operation significantly. Since the cogging torque is a result of the motor geometry, finite element (FE) simulation is used to simulate various rotor geometries to find the desired rotor configuration. FE simulations are also used to obtain other parameters like force and torque constant, and magnetic stiffness for designing control. The final design is fabricated and tested for closed loop levitation control and speed control. The simulation results and experimental control system performance is shown and explained in the paper.

Design and implementation of a novel interior permanent magnet bearingless slice motor.

In this paper, we present a bearingless motor with a novel segmented dipole interior permanent magnet (IPM) slice rotor. The segmented dipole IPM rotor contains a unique pattern of interior permanent magnets arranged to generate a dipole air gap flux pattern. The magnets are encapsulated within an electrical steel rotor structure. The stator contains a three-phase, four-pole winding for suspension and a three-phase, two-pole winding for rotation. We present analyses of several candidate rotor designs. The analyses indicate that the segmented dipole IPM rotor achieves a reduced trade-off between force and torque capacity and relatively symmetric force dynamics as compared to prior art designs and alternate topologies. Symmetric and decoupled force dynamics allow a simple force decoupling algorithm to be used. We designed, constructed, and tested a prototype system. We experimentally demonstrate that the prototype system can achieve stable levitation and open-loop rotation.

Design Method of Bearingless Permanent Magnet Slice Motor for Maglev Centrifugal Pump Based on Performance Metric Cluster

Different from ordinary AC machines, the design of a bearingless permanent magnet slice motor (BPMSM) considers not only the torque performance, but also the passive and active suspension properties. In addition, BPMSM for a maglev centrifugal pump has unique design characteristics due to the integration of the pump head and sensors. This paper investigates evaluation and design techniques based on a cluster of performance metrics targeting on developing BPMSM for a maglev centrifugal pump. The cluster of performance metrics for BPMSM, including passive stiffness (kz, kz/kx, kz/ky, kα, and kβ) and active factors (ki and cm), is first proposed and an evaluation function fiSi,Li is constructed. Then, practical configurations of BPMSM for a maglev centrifugal pump are summarized. Based on the cluster of performance metrics, the finite-element method (FEM) is used to explore the impact of the rotor magnetization (sinusoidal, diametric, and radial method) on motor properties. Subsequently, the complete design process of BPMSM for a maglev centrifugal pump is introduced and key differences (including three crucial geometric parameters: ratio of rotor height to diameter λ, magnetic gap length δ, and stator tooth width αst) in the design considerations between BPMSM and general bearingless motors are analyzed. Finally, the upgraded performance (kz, kα, kβ, ki, cm, and fiSi,Li increased by about 29%, 38%, 33%, 31%, 21%, and 15%, respectively) of the designed candidate is obtained, which verifies the effectiveness of the proposed design methods.

Multi-Structural Optimization of Bearingless Permanent Magnet Slice Motor Based on Virtual Prototype in Ansoft Maxwell

As a preliminary study for bearingless permanent magnet slice motor (BPMSM) development, an effective means for BPMSM mechanical structure optimization is proposed here by developing a virtual prototype based on Ansoft Maxwell to realize overall performance improvements. First, the sensitivity evaluation index of the candidate mechanical structural parameters for individual BPMSM performance is constructed for selection. Orthogonal tests are performed to determine the dominant mechanical structural parameters to be optimized by utilizing monitored data based on Ansoft Maxwell. A linear regression model of the mechanical structural parameters for specific performances is obtained by utilizing the gradient descent method. Then, a multi-structural optimization regression model of the selected dominant mechanical structural parameters for overall performance is established using an analytic hierarchy process and solved using a genetic algorithm. The simulation results show that the performance of the optimized BPMSM has been comprehensively improved. Specifically, the passive axial stiffness, passive tilting stiffness, force-current coefficient, and motor efficiency increased by 56.4%, 71.3%, 19.6%, and 8.7%, respectively.

Active disturbance rejection control for bearingless permanent-magnet slice motor based on nonlinear phase-locked loop observer

In this paper, an active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) controller based on a novel nonlinear phase-locked loop observer (NPLLO) is proposed to improve the disturbance rejection property and suspension performance of bearingless permanent-magnet slice motor (BPMSM) for bearingless pumps. First, based on the mathematical model of BPMSM for bearingless pumps, the novel NPLLO, a structure derived from the nonlinear phase-locked loop (PLL) and combining a special nonlinear function, is designed to estimate the uncertainties and load/radial disturbance in real time. Second, NPLLO-based ADRC (NP-ADRC) controllers are designed for rotation and suspension, respectively. Third, the parameter tuning of NP-ADRC is analyzed. Finally, NP-ADRC is analyzed with simulation in MATLAB/Simulink and verified on a BPMSM test bench. Both simulation and experimental results verified the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Direct Control of Bearingless Permanent Magnet Slice Motor Based on Active Disturbance Rejection Control

Aiming at the problem that the suspension force under disturbance of the permanent magnet slice rotor is difficult to be accurately detected, a new displacement controller based on the active disturbance rejection control is proposed. Firstly, the mathematic models of torque and suspension forces of the bearingless permanent magnet slice motor (BPMSM) are deduced. Secondly, the active disturbance rejection (ADR) controller is constructed. Thirdly, the BPMSM direct control system based on the ADR controller is built and the simulation is carried out, the correctness of the mathematic model and the control algorithm are verified. Finally, the displacement controller is used for a 4 kW prototype. Compared with the traditional PI controller, the floating stability time and the disturbed recovery time of the slice rotor are both decreased, the vibration displacement of rotor in stable state is reduced by 44%.

Optimization Design of Bearingless Permanent-Magnet Slice Motor

The parameter and distribution of air-gap flux density determined by structures and methods of permanent-magnet rotor magnetization have effects on the performance of suspension forces and torque in a bearingless permanent-magnet slice motor (BPMSM) directly. In this paper, different rotor structures and magnetization methods are analyzed for the BPMSM. Based on the finite-element analysis, the optimum length ratio of rotor magnetic yoke d r and l r is calculated in different magnetizations to get the maximum flux density. Then the radial suspension forces with maximum air-gap flux density in different structures and rotor magnetizations are compared for the BPMSM. The simulation and experiment results show that the amplitude and sinusoidal characteristic of air-gap flux density are improved with parallel magnetized ring-shaped rotor. Furthermore, the BPMSM with parallel magnetized ring-shaped rotor is easily controlled and has a good suspension and speed regulation performance.

Suspension force control of bearingless permanent magnet slice motor based on flux linkage identification

The control accuracy and dynamic performance of suspension force are confined in the traditional bearingless permanent magnet slice motor (BPMSM) control strategies because the suspension force control is indirectly achieved by adopting a closed loop of displacement only. Besides, the phase information in suspension force control relies on accurate measurement of rotor position, making the control system more complex. In this paper, a new suspension force control strategy with displacement and radial suspension force double closed loops is proposed, the flux linkage of motor windings is identified based on voltage–current model and the flexibility of motor control can be improved greatly. Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed suspension force control strategy is effective to realize the stable operation of the BPMSM.

Study on radial suspension forces of bearingless permanent magnet slice motor based on accurate inductance model

An accurate mathematical model of radial suspension forces for a bearingless permanent magnet slice motor (BPMSM) is of great significance to levitate the rotor stably and to improve the control accuracy of radial suspension force. In this paper, after a brief introduction on the suspension principle of the BPMSM, the accurate inductance model of two sets of stator windings (torque windings and bearing windings) is deduced. Based on the accurate inductance model and taking rotor eccentricity into account, a complete and precise mathematical model of radial suspension forces of the BPMSM is obtained. In order to confirm the validity and feasibility of this mathematical model, the experiments are carried out on a 4kW prototype of the BPMSM. The experimental results show that the control system designed by using this method has high control accuracy of radial suspension force, strong capability of resisting disturbance, and good static and dynamic performance.