Perm Krai Research Articles

Clinical and laboratory characteristics of acne tarda in women of Perm Krai

Objective. To evaluate clinical and laboratory changes in patients with acne tarda. Acne is a common chronic inflammatory disease that develops on the seborrheic areas of the skin in the form of comedones, follicular papules and pustules, as well as nodes. Acne is mainly formed at puberty, but can also be observed at an older age, later acne (acne tarda), as a rule, occurs in women. At the age of 25, 45 % of women suffer from acne, at the age of 3140 acne, is observed in 26 % of women, premenstrual acne periodically occurs in 78 % of women of different ages.
 Materials and methods. The study involved 62 women aged 3045 years, who formed two groups: group I included 30 patients with acne tarda, group II consisted of 32 women without acne acne tarda. The study included the investigation of complaints and anamnesis of disease and life, assessment of general and dermatological status, general blood and urine tests, biochemical blood analysis with indicators of lipid spectrum, carbohydrate metabolism, liver enzymes, pituitary hormones (LH, FSH, prolactin, TSH) and sex hormones. The methods of parametric and nonparametric statistics were used to analyze the data obtained, standard error (m) was used in the calculations, the level of statistical significance was noted at p 0.05.
 Results. Most of the patients with acne tarda had a history of pubertal acne and acne in relatives. Among them changes in lipid metabolism were detected significantly more often, primarily an increase in the level of leptin (46.7 9.1 %) (p 0.05), as well as hyperlipidemia and elevated atherogenicity index. Ovarian pathology was also significantly more often observed in patients with acne tarda, mainly in the form of functional cysts (53.3 9.1 %) (p 0.05), and an increase in progesterone levels (80.0 7.3 %) (p 0.05). There were no significant differences in other sex hormones and pituitary hormones, indicators of carbohydrate metabolism and the function of hepatobiliary system in patients with acne tarda and without it.
 Conclusions. Acne tarda develops mainly in women with a pubertal acne in anamnesis and a burdened heredity of acne. The disease is accompanied by a change in lipid metabolism, especially an increase in the blood leptin level, and proceeds against the background of hormonal homeostasis disorders in the form of hyperprogesteronemia with the formation of functional ovarian cysts.

Использование ГИС для изучения запасов лекарственного растения Пермского края с целью развития региона России

The degree of preservation and condition of the natural vegetation cover are the most important indicator of the ecological well-being of the Russian regions. Conservation and rational use of plant resources is relevant in connection with the state programs of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment of the Russian Federation, as well as state import substitution programs. The Perm Krai is a Russian Region with a wide variety of flora. Hyperici herba is a promising type of medicinal plant raw materials. Hyperici herba is used as a raw material for the production of anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, immunotropic, adaptogenic, sedative, antidepressant, antioxidant, astringent, diuretic drugs in various dosage forms worldwide. The aim is to assess the resources and quality control of Hyperici herba, which grows in the Perm Krai for the possibility of further development of this Russian region. In this article, the peculiarities of the growth and distribution of Hyperici herba are revealed, quality control is carried out, the most promising areas for harvesting medicinal plant raw materials are identified. The medicinal plant materials harvesting was performed in the summer of 2022 by our own inventory expeditions to 13 districts of the Perm Krai. The Garmin ETrex Vista C navigator was used to determine the thicket’s growth geographic coordinates. Electronic distribution maps of medicinal plants were built in the ArcView program. The main resource indicators calculation was carried out according to the generally accepted method for determining the medicinal plants stocks. The phytochemical analysis of the harvested raw materials was performed in accordance with the 14th edition of the Russian State Pharmacopoeia. Information processing was carried out on personal computers in Microsoft Excel for Windows. Thus, the use of multifunctional GIS tools visually and clearly presented research information in the form of resource and phytochemical maps. This electronic cartographic material can be used in planning and prospects searching for the development of this Russian region in the future.

Первая находка Scutigera coleoptrata (Linnaeus, 1958) (Chilopoda: Scutigeromorpha, Scutigeridae) в Пермском крае (Средний Урал)

The house centipede Scutigera coleoptrata (Linnaeus, 1758) has a cosmopolitan range due to an-thropogenic introduction. In Russia, this species is found in the European part and Siberia, while in the Urals, the confirmed records have so far been limited to the southern part of the region. A previously published record about the presence of this species in the Perm Krai [Kozminykh, 2016] was based only on the personal comment by a third person. The first confirmed data on the occurrence of the house centipede S. coleoptrata in the Perm Krai is provided. All records were made in anthropogenic habitats in the city of Perm. In addition to adult speci-mens, juveniles were also spotted at the collection site. Images of morphological features to confirm the species identification are given.

Names of Yuletide Mummers in the Russian Subdialects of Perm Krai

This article deals with the main groups of nominations denoting mummers (Rus. ряженые) in the Russian colloquialisms of Perm Region. The aim of the study is to describe the semantic groups of such terms associated with various ideas of dressing up: ritual dressing up, attributes and methods of dressing up, mythological ideas, and calendar time; to demonstrate the geographical distribution of units of these groups in the region. The study refers to field materials collected under the direction of A. V. Chernykh in various districts of Perm Region, data from Perm dialect dictionaries, collections and monographs, and data from the card index of the Dictionary of Russian Colloquialisms of the North of Perm Region (ed. by I. I. Rusinov) of Perm State National Research University. The various nominations of mummers reflect the complexity and polyfunctionality of the phenomenon of mummers; together they represent a certain set of attributes perceived as essential. The names of these attributes serve as motivators of the denominations of mummers. Several most frequent groups of units motivationally connected with the names of ritual transformation can be distinguished among the regional nominations of disguised persons (наряжунчики, посряжунчики, ряженки, ряженчики, ряжунчики, снаряжёнцы, снаряженщики, срядчики, сряженцы, сряжунчики, сряжушки), features of their appearances (замаскированные, маскарованные, маскированные, машкарованные, машкированные, мышкарики), means and ways of dressing up (горбуницы, горбунки, горбунцы, горбунчики, горбушки; старушки), lower demonology characters (ошуликаны, силикуны, сюликуны, чиликуны, шеликуны, шиликуны, шулеконы, шулиганы, шуликаны, шуликины, шуликуны, шулихуны, шульганы, шульканы, шулюкины; шиши, шишочки; полуденки, полудники, полудницы; мухтари, мухтарики, мухтары), calendar times (святки, святошни, святошники, святошные), which, at the same time, form areas on the territory of Perm Krai and are conditioned by the peculiarities of settlement. One can talk about a significant variability of the terminology of mummers in Perm Krai. Some nominations are often recorded in the region, others are less frequent and are characteristic only of specific areas and local traditions. Perm data demonstrate the use of terms both widely spread in Russian traditions in general and several names characteristic only of the region.

VOLGA-BULGAR COIN HOARD OF THE BEGINNING OF THE X CENTURY (GORBUNOVO VILLAGE, CHERDYNSKY CITY DISTRICT, PERM KRAI)

The territory of the Perm Krai is a significant region in Eurasia in terms of the number, types and uniqueness of numismatic finds from the early Middle Ages of the pre-Mongol era; the specifics, geography and commodity groups entering the Kama region in exchange for numismatic material are revealed; facts on discovered treasures, finds, individual coins are given; the significance and uniqueness of the Volga-Kama hydrographic network, a priori determined the formation of ancient trade routes from the Kama region in the north, to Central Asia, the Middle East, the Black Sea region, etc. The role and importance of Volga Bulgaria in the formation of trade routes and medieval trade is shown. A description of a unique coin hoard in the village of Gorbunovo (village of Redikor, Cherdynsky city district, Perm Krai) is given; its primary attribution and refined definition in our days are described; the age, geography and dynastic affiliation of coins are established, a chronology in the form of diagrams and tables is compiled. The main conclusion is that previously unknown unique Bulgarian imitations of eastern dirhams, features of coinage and stamps have been discovered. The research is of great historical, numismatic and cultural interest.

Реконструкция развития соляных структур Верхнекамского месторождения солей

The article highlights some issues of geology and genesis of structural forms of the Verkhnekamskoye Salt Deposit (Perm krai). On the example of the Popovskiy salt dome location, the results of detailed studies and analysis of data on the geological structure of sedimentary strata and their morphology are presented. The reconstruction of the evolution of salt structures, the uplifts and depressions was carried out. The main factors and mechanisms, which controlled the development of a modern tectonic structure of this territory, were determined. Significant role in formation of the modern tectonic features of the upper part of the sedimentary cover played the accumulation in the Kungurian age of the Permian the ductile salt rocks, which, at the Late Paleozoic - Early Mesozoic subsequent stages of the territory evolution, determined the increased tectonic mobility of salt and supra-salt deposits, and the formation of high-amplitude uplifts and basins. Differences in tectonogenesis of the upper part of the sedimentary cover, comprising the ductile salt-bearing strata and the underlying rigid rocks, led to the division of the sedimentary cover of the Solikamskaya depression of the Cis-Ural trough into two tectonic stages. The lower level includes uplifts representing the draping structures of the Fransian-Tournaisian reef massifs and brachianticline folds of longitudinal compression, and the upper level comptises the structures formed as a result of the halokinesis of plastic rocks.

Генетическое разнообразие российских и европейских пред-ставителей Dryopteris expansa (C. Presl) Fraser-Jenkins et Jermy (Dryopteridaceae)

The results of molecular genetic analysis (ISSR-PCR) of 112 Dryopteris expansa (C. Presl) Fraser-Jenkins et Jermy specimens collected in Russia and Europe are presented. DNA was extracted using fresh material and material from the herbarium of the South Siberian Botanical Garden (ALTB): the collection of fresh material was carried out during expeditions (40 samples from Perm Krai, Moscow, Smolensk and Tver regions), the selection of material from the herbarium was carried out by removing a part of the dried frond (72 samples from various regions of Russia and Europe). An analysis of DNA polymorphism and the genetic structure of the studied groups with the calculation of the proportion (P95) of polymorphic loci, the absolute (na) number of alleles, the effective (ne) number of alleles, the expected (HE) heterozygosity and the information-entropy measure (I) of Shannon was carried out using the POPGENE 1.31 program. To describe the genetic structure of the studied groups, the following parameters were used: the expected proportion of heterozygous genotypes (HT) in the entire group as a measure of its overall diversity; the expected proportion of heterozygous genotypes in a subgroup (HS) as a measure of its internal diversity; the proportion of intergroup genetic diversity in the total diversity or the subdivision index (GST). In addition to this, the AMOVA package was used with the calculation of the subdivision index of groups using 1000 rounds of permutations. Based on a comparison of the indicators of the Shannon information measure (I), Nei fixation index (FST), as well as intra- and intergroup variability based on the results of the analysis of molecular variants (AMOVA) obtained for D. expansa with similar indicators given for D. fragrans (L.) Schott, a conclusion is made about the inexpediency of dividing D. expansa s.l. into two independent species – D. expansa s. str. and D. assimilis S. Walker. The indicators of all indices and calculated values given in the publication can be used as a basis for comparison in other works devoted to the genetic variability of species of the genus Dryopteris in Russia.

Охотничье-промысловые звери, обитающие в заповеднике «Басеги» на границах ареалов

The article provides a comprehensive analysis of long-term series of observations on the facts of registration and population records on the territory of the Basegi Reserve (Middle Urals, Perm Krai) of five species and one hybrid form of hunting and commercial animals (reindeer, Siberian roe deer, wolverine, sable, kidus, columns) registered in this area near the borders of their areas. The basis for the work was the results of winter route records and data from the scientific card index of the Basegi Reserve, obtained over 40 years of research (1984-2023). Summarizing these materials, the author connects them with the results of his own field observations of 1989, 1999-2023 and draws conclusions about the current state of the livestock of these animals in the Basegas, possible prospects for changing the boundaries of their ranges, optimal ways to assess population density in the conditions of the mountain taiga of the Middle Urals. Judging by the data of long-term observations, reindeer are not currently found in the area of the Basegi Reserve. The Siberian roe deer is a very rare species that periodically enters the protected area during the snowless season. Sable and kidus are also rare, but the situation with these representatives of the genus Martes in the reserve is unclear and requires the use of additional research methods. Wolverine and columns are not numerous in Basegs, but they live constantly.

Оценка качества вод и донных отложений р. Каменка методом биотестирования

The Kamenka River, which flows through the territory of the Kokuisky oil field in Perm Krai as a result of intensive oil production and the intensive karstspread, has undergone serious man-made changes, which are manifested in the increased content of chlorides and petroleum products in the water. We assessed the ecological state of the ecosys-tem of the Kamenka river by biotesting, using Daphnia magnaStraus and Chlorella vulgarisBeijer as test objects. 8water samples and 11 sediment samples were examined.Most of the studied sampling points located at the source of the river are distinguished by the presence of pronounced oil manifestations, a sharp smell of hydrogen sulfide, white flakes and a bright blue color uncharacteristic of natural waters. The percentage deviations of the optical density values in the studied samples from the backgroundvalue, and the indicators of the toxic dilution factor(TDF) calculated from the control (distilled water) values are given. In all the studied water samples, the growth of chlorella algae (Chlorella vulgaris) is stimulated in comparison with the background, the highest percentage of deviation of the optical density value from the background is 112% in sample No 1, the lowest in sample No 5 is 26%. In two samples of bottom sediments: No1and No 4, the optical density values significantly exceed the background indicator by 121 and 27%, respectively. The remaining samples of bottom sediments were characterized by a decrease in optical density compared to the background from 17 to 55%. The TDFof the studied water samples ranges from 6 –in Iren river (background), up to 26 –at point No8, in samples of bottom sediments, the lowest value of TDFat the source of the river is 0.6, the highest is in sample No8. Comparison of the optical density of the studied samples with the control indicator (on distilled water) is considered unacceptable, since the results are misleading and contradict reality. To assess the toxicity of natural and man-made waters, we consider the use of background indicators to be promising. The results with the use of Daphnia magnaas a test object showed the insensitivity of this organism to the toxic effects of the studied samples. The maximum percentage of daphnia death in the test sample was 20% (8 surviving crustaceans out of 10), while the criterion of acute toxicity is the death of 50% or more daphnia.

Biotic Aspects of Geo-Environmental Studies for Environmental Engineering Surveys

A theoretical review of publications containing information on the habitats of rare and protected plant species in the central and southern part of the Verkhnekamskoye salt deposit (Perm Krai) has been carried out. Information on the habitats of rare and protected plant and lichen species included in the Red Book of the Perm Territory and growing in the area is summarized. The insufficient amount of the available data required for engineering and ecological surveys has been shown. The need to carry out the special research to identify locations of protected plant, fungi and lichen species and to assess the status of their populations, initiated by the Ministry of Natural Resources, Forestry and Ecology of the Perm Territory, is considered.

Бактерии-деструкторы дибутилфталата, выделенные из ризосферы мятлика лугового (Poa pratensis L.)

The ability of three bacterial strains of the class Actinomycetes, isolated from the rhizosphere of bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) plants growing in the industrial development area of the Verkhnekamsk salt deposit (Perm krai), to grow on dibutyl phthalate (DBP) as the only source of carbon and energy was studied. Based on 16S rRNA gene analysis, it was shown that the strain Rh7bel showed similarity at 100% level with Rhodococcus wratislaviensis NBRC 100605T, and strains NKDBFbel and NKDBFgelt are phylogenetically close to two type strains of the species Pseudarthrobacter oxydans and Pseudarthrobacter polychromogenes (99.83% similarity). DBP-degrading strains are characterized by efficient growth on the key metabolite of DBP degradation, ortho-phthalic acid, and utilization of this metabolite. The strain Rhodococcus sp. Rh7bel demonstrated the highest rates of DBP utilization: the maximum specific substrate consumption rate was 0.018±0.002 h-1, substrate utili-zation was 70.7% in 72 hours (initial DBP concentration 0.2 g/L). Thus, rhizosphere DBP-degrading strains Rhodococcus sp. Rh7bel, Pseudarthrobacter spp. NKDBFbel and NKDBFgelt are promising for further study and development of technology for phytoremediation of soils contaminated with phthalates.

НЕСТАНДАРТНЫЕ ПОДХОДЫ К ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ КЛИМАТИЧЕСКИХ СИСТЕМ В ЦЕНТРАХ ОБРАБОТКИ ДАННЫХ

The article is devoted to comparison of air conditioning systems in a data processing center, taking into account peculiarities of its location, in Perm Krai, RF. It is established that the use of more expensive, but modern, hybrid air conditioning system is economically feasible in this region. Purpose of work. The aim of the work is to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of different air cooling systems from an economic point of view, under the conditions of the location of the facility in the Perm region. Materials and methods. Two cooling systems are compared. The first cooling system is based on a direct supply of cold air. This system has restrictions on the temperature of application, it can only be used at ambient temperatures lower than the temperature of the cooled room, about 20 °С. Current costs in the form of consumed electricity to cool the room in this case will be less. The second, classic air conditioning system. In which cooling occurs due to boiling of freon in evaporator and the following compression by compressor and transitions to liquid phase in condenser. There are different variations of this system for almost any climate zone. Running costs (electricity) caused by operation of this system are higher. But the initial costs are less, since this system costs less. The task is to determine whether there will be a positive economic effect from the introduction of a system with direct cold air supply. The research is done with the help of theoretical methods. For this purpose, data on the air temperature in the city of Perm for 2021 by day and hour were taken. The results of the study. Determined how many days and hours, can work one or the other system. Classical air conditioning or a hybrid system, with the possibility of direct supply of cooled air. Calculated the cost of electricity when working in the first and second modes. Determined the number of necessary climate control equipment, taking into account its redundancy under the scheme N+1. Approximate costs for the implementation of the systems have been determined. Discussion and conclusion. It was found that the cost of introducing a more expensive hybrid system with the support of direct chilled air, compared with the classical air conditioning system will pay off in a few years. Significant advantages of such systems are also identified. Longer service life due to less use of the compressor in the refrigeration system.

Белая и тундряная куропатки в заповеднике «Басеги» . Виды на южной границе ареала

The article analyzes the long-term (1984-2023) dynamics of registrations of white and tundra partridges on the territory of the Basegi Reserve (Middle Urals, Perm Krai). The author systematizes the available materials on the frequency and content of encounters of these species in Basegas, summarizes his own long-term field observations on the specifics of the territorial distribution of white and tundra partridges in the areas of their joint habitat, draws conclusions about the existing trends in the development of these species of grouse birds of the extreme southern boundaries of their range on the western macroscline of the Ural Mountains. Rare, but fairly regular meetings of white partridges observed over the past 40 years on all three massifs of the Basegi ridge (the Northern, Middle and Southern Baseg mountains), as well as on the upper marshes and forest roads in the adjacent taiga zone, allow us to determine the status of this species in the reserve as rare, small, periodically nesting birds. Reliable facts of registration of tundra partridge on the Northern Baseg Mountain noted in May and September 2023 make it possible to include this species in the list of inhabitants of the protected area. However, the status of this bird's stay in Basegi is unclear and requires clarification.

Monitoring spread of SARS-CoV-2 gene variants in Sverdlovsk and Chelyabinsk regions and Perm krai

Monitoring spread of SARS-CoV-2 gene variants in Sverdlovsk and Chelyabinsk regions and Perm krai

Benz(a)pyrene content in soil and medicinal plants of Perm Krai (Russian Federation)

Benz(a)pyrene content in soil and medicinal plants of Perm Krai (Russian Federation)

Чусовской городской округ в территориальной общественной системе Пермского края: историко-географический анализ

Chusovoy urban district of the Perm Krai is one of the central municipalities in the east of the region, within the so-called Gornozavodsky Prikamye. At present, the city and the territories adjacent to it are included in the official list of the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation as a single-industry settlement with a difficult socio-economic situation. One of the reasons for this situation was the reduction in the activity of the city-forming functions, associated with the lack of a diversified urban economy and the creation of a negative image of the city. Based on the historical-genetic approach and the identification of the main factors (driving reasons), the article characterizes five stages of the socio-economic development of the Chusovoy lands and the city of Chusovoy as a part of the territorial system of the Perm Krai. The most important events and decisions that have become a turning point in the history of the development of the territories between the Chusovaya and Us’va rivers are indicated. It is determined that consideration of the functions characteristic of the city in the past will help to substantiate the promising directions of its development in the future. When considering the current stage of development of the district, special attention is paid to the implementation of the concept of a new industrial policy, which implies the modernization of traditional functions for the urban economy, the emergence of new types of activities (as part of stimulating small and medium businesses) and post-industrialization, i.e. active use of the historical and industrial heritage of Chusovoy for the development of the tourist and recreational sphere and other modern service activities.

Development of Legal Document Classification System Based on Support Vector Machine

This paper was prepared while developing text classification system for legal documents, especially those that issued by Legislative Assembly of Perm Krai. The problem in question is a lack of solutions that meet regional requirements, the main of which is the classification used in region. The research that evaluates applications of Natural Language Processing models is conveyed. The primary result of the study is the actual applicability of Support Vector Machine (SVM) to preprocessed legal document categorization. There were a server-side API constructed to perform the task, and a server-side models pre-trained of which SVM is favored.

Конспект флоры ООПТ «Ледяная гора и Кунгурская ледяная пещера» (Пермский край)

The flora of the protected area «Ice Mountain and Kungur Ice Cave» was studied. The protected area is located in the Kungur forest-steppe of the Perm Krai. A list of plant species has been compiled, indicating specific biotopes for each species, as well as sources of information. On the protected area, there are 308 species of vascular plants belonging to 190 genera and 58 families. The presence of three species included in the Red Book of the Perm Krai has been confirmed – Cephalanthera rubra (III category of rarity) and Stipa pennata (III category of rarity) and Anemone uralensis (II category of rarity). Rare species are found in the protected area: Helianthemum nummularium, Polygala sibirica, Epipactis atrorubens, E. helleborine, Helictotrichon schellianum, Quercus robur, Astragalus sulcatus, Aster alpinus. Synanthropic and invasive species are found in protected area: Acer negundo, Amelanchier spicata, Heracleum sosnowskyi, Caragana arborescens, Lupinus polyphyllus, Echinocystis lobata, Hippophae rhamnoides. Synanthropic and invasive species pose a serious threat to the existence of unique forest-steppe communities and protected and rare plants of the Ice Mountain and Kungur Ice Cave protected area.

Anthroponymic Personification in Professional Speech and Jargon

The paper studies anthroponymic personification used for naming artefacts in professional and slang speech. The study is based on anthroponymic names recorded in the professional speech of workers (miners, railway and construction workers of the Perm Krai), in the jargon of social communities (youth, criminal, military, and other). The studied units were retrieved from jargon dictionaries, interviews and conversations with workers of Perm mining enterprises, the author’s own observations of the speech of jargon speakers in Perm and miners of the Kizelovsky coal basin. Anthroponymic personifications are considered as facts of subcultures, expressing their value attitudes, as well as a cognitive tool. Personification is regarded as a psychological phenomenon, a verbalization of ideas relating to the inner world of a person. In parallel, this is also a linguistic (semantic) process used for capturing new knowledge in the language, expressing evaluation of a particular object. The purpose of the study is to identify the causes and the means of personification in professional speech and jargons, and to analyze the functions of these names. It was found that the contextual animation of non-living things is a productive way of naming complex professional and highly specialized phenomena, particularly emotionally loaded. Giving human properties to objects of the production and technical sphere stresses their significance in the professional and social community and is used as a way of building professional knowledge. In addition, personification works as a form of a language game based on rethinking the cultural connotations of the word and manipulations with its material form.

МАТЕРИАЛЫ АРХИВНЫХ ФОНДОВ О ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ ВСЕРОССИЙСКОГО ОБЩЕСТВА ОХРАНЫ ПАМЯТНИКОВ ИСТОРИИ И КУЛЬТУРЫ. 1965–1980-Е ГОДЫ

The article presents a review of Russian archival funds related to the protection of historical and cultural heritage and the activities of the All-Russian Society for the Protection of Historical and Cultural Monuments (hereinafter VOOPIK, or the Society). The study is based on materials from various state organizations, including the State Ar-chive of the Russian Federation (GARF), the Perm State Archive of Socio-Political History (PermGASPI), the State Archive of the Perm Krai (GAPK), the Center for Documentation of Public Organizations of the Sverdlovsk Oblast (CDOOSO), the United State Archive of the Chelyabinsk Oblast (OGACHO), and the Perm Museum of Local Lore (PKM). The relevance of the study lies in the growing interest of the state, academia and society in both grassroots activism and mass voluntary organizations in the late Soviet Union. The Soviet experience is particularly valuable as many of its initiatives are being revisited in contemporary Russian reality. The main basis for Soviet studies are ar-chival sources, which are regularly introduced into academic circulation. The aim of the article is to study and classi-fy archival sources on the above topic. In addition to the review, the article provides a brief historiographical over-view of the problem's research status, as well as a historical note on the activities of the VOOPIK. The author identi-fies several types of sources in archival funds and provides a brief description of each. An important role in studying the activity of Soviet mass organizations is played by the determination of the levels of research – from the republi-can (RSFSR) to regional (oblast, krai, ASSR) and grassroots (district, city) levels. This division justifies the use of both central and regional archives, as the archival sources from Central Archive (GARF) provide an understanding of the specifics of the functioning of the central apparatus of the VOOPIK, while the sources of regional archives recre-ate a picture of activism on “grassroots level” where the main productive activities of the Society took place. When using archives of different levels, one can change the optics of research and study VOOPIK from different angles. The study pays particular attention to the “Letters to VOOPIK” written by Soviet citizens to authorities, media, and voluntary organizations regarding the protection of historical and cultural heritage. These letters, which were a com-mon practice in Soviet everyday life, can shed light on the motives and goals of the activists.