Peritoneal Irritation Research Articles

Spontaneous hemoperitoneum as a rare presentation of gastric lesions: Two case reports

IntroductionSpontaneous hemoperitoneum is a rare but life-threatening condition. Clinical presentation is usually nonspecific. The aim of this report is to document a rare clinical presentation of two different intramural stomach tumors.Clinical casesA 40-year-old patient with 24 h epigastric pain was admitted to the emergency, pale, with signs of peritoneal irritation. Computed tomography showed an hemoperitoneum with active bleeding in the posterior wall of the stomach. A wedge resection was performed. Histological report revealed a plexiform fibromyxoma (PF). The second case presents a 79-year-old patient with 24 h abdominal pain, fullness and dizziness, pale and with signs of peritoneal irritation. A voluminous exophytic lesion on gastric wall with active bleeding was diagnosed. Wedge resection was performed and histological report demonstrated a gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST).DiscussionImaging plays a role in the diagnosis of spontaneous hemoperitoneum, in elucidating a cause and detecting active hemorrhage. Tumor hemorrhage may be the first presentation of an underlying mass. The presence of a bleeding gastric mass of uncertain nature may result in a challenging situation for the surgeon, who is forced to perform a gastric resection without knowing the exact nature of the tumor and hence the extent of gastric resection required. To our knowledge, our case is the first of PF presenting as hemoperitoneum. Hemoperitoneum is rare as first presentation of GIST, with few cases reported in literature.ConclusionWe report two extremely rare cases of spontaneous hemoperitoneum as first presentation of gastric tumor. For the diagnosis a high level of suspicion is required.

Results of the Management of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GIST): About 6 Cases at the Vichy Hospital Center (France)

The aim of our study was to analyze the results of surgical management of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) at the Vichy Hospital Center. Methodology: Between 2010 and 2020, the data of 6 patients operated at the Vichy Hospital Center for GIST were analyzed. The parameters studied were: age, sex, antecedents, discovery circumstances, imagery, surgical procedure, anatomopathological data, the follow-up and the morbidity-mortality. Results: There were 5 men and one woman with an average age of 72.16 years [58 - 80 years]. The average time of evolution was 8 months (0 - 14 months). The diagnosis was fortuitous in 2 cases. Atypical abdominal pain was the main symptom in 3 cases. One case was received in a clinical picture of peritoneal irritation syndrome. Echo-endoscopy with biopsy specimen histology made it possible to make the diagnosis in 5 cases and the surgical specimen in 1 case. The fusiform type was the predominant histological form. The stomach was the most common location. The average size of GISTs was 7.3 × 4 cm with a positive C Kit in all patients. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy was performed on one patient. Surgery was curative and was done laparoscopically on 4 patients. Adjuvant chemotherapy based on Imatinib at a rate of 400 mg/d in 3 patients was initiated. One patient presented a fistula of the esophagus-jejunal anastomosis on D6 post operation controlled by a drainage and an antibiotic therapy. Mortality was zero. During the surgery, all of the patients were followed up with surgeon, oncologist. Conclusion: GISTs are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the digestive tract with a preferential gastric location. Laparoscopic surgery, with advances in molecular biology and the introduction of targeted therapy has improved the management of these tumors in terms of morbidity and mortality.

НЕЙРОЭНДОКРИННАЯ ОПУХОЛЬ СЛЕПОЙ КИШКИ, ОСЛОЖНЕННАЯ НЕКРОЗОМ СТЕНКИ НА ФОНЕ COVID-19

Aims/Objectives. The purpose of this work is to analyze the diagnosis and treatment of a neuroendocrine tumor of the caecum complicated by wall necrosis, peritonitis in the presence of COVID-19 infection. Materials and methods. The results of the examination and treatment of a 63-year-old patient L., who was hospitalized in the surgical department with a diagnosis of acute intestinal obstruction, were analyzed. History of appendectomy. Biological material was tested for Covid-19 infection (September 5, 2021): SARS-CoV-2 coronovirus RNA was not detected. When controlling the passage of barium suspension through the intestines, it was established: a contrast mass along the colon. There are abnormal fluid levels in the mesogastrium. Areas of narrowing of the right and left flanks of the large intestine are determined. On the third day, symptoms of peritoneal irritation appeared. Operated. There is a cloudy effusion in the abdominal cavity. In the right iliac region, an infiltrate is determined, formed by the caecum, ascending colon, terminal ileum, sigmoid, strand of the greater omentum. There are also fibrin plaques here. The dome of the caecum is black. In the intestine, palpation is determined by volume formation dense, spreading to the proximal section of the ascending colon and the terminal section of the ileum. Performed right-sided hemicolectomy with anastomosis "end to side", lymph node dissection D 2. Performed sanitation and drainage of the abdominal cavity. Results and discussion. The next day after surgery, the patient is in the ICU. Severe condition. Not adequate. Excited. Body temperature - 36.4C. Breathing is independent, auscultatory is somewhat weakened in the lower sections, single dry rales. Respiratory rate - 16/minute, SpO2 - 97-98% against the background of humidified oxygen insufflation at a rate of 1.5 liters/minute. Hemodynamics stable: blood pressure - 137/105 mm Hg. Art. Heart rate - 80 beats / min. Cardio monitoring - sinus rhythm. Abdomen: responds to palpation in the area of the postoperative wound. Peristalsis is sluggish. Rapid test for SARS-CoV-2 antigen No. 784 is positive. Ag SARS-CoV-2 - detected (09/08/2021). Histological conclusion: highly differentiated neuroendocrine tumor of the caecum with germination of the intestinal wall, ingrowth into the periintestinal fatty tissue. Resection margins: no tumor growth. Phlegmonous-ulcerative typhlitis. Focal phlegmonous-purulent peritonitis. Omentit. On the 6th day the patient is conscious and takes food. Removed drainage from the abdominal cavity. On the 7-th day, he was transferred to the infectious diseases department of another hospital for aftercare. Сonclusions 1. PCR test does not always detect Covid-19 if present. 2. Despite the presence of Covid-19 in patients suffering from a complicated malignant tumor of the intestine, a radical operation should be performed followed by treatment of the underlying pathology.

External validation of the POP score for predicting obstetric and gynecological diseases in the emergency department.

The POP score was developed as an easy screening tool for predicting obstetrics and gynecological (OBGYN) diseases in the emergency department (ED), and consists of three predictors, each representing one point: past history of OBGYN diseases, no fever or digestive symptoms, and peritoneal irritation signs). However, its external validity has not yet been evaluated. We aimed to perform the external validation of the POP score. This is a multi-center, retrospective cohort study using ED data of three tertiary care hospitals in Japan between Jan 2017 and October 2020. Young adult women aged 16-49years with abdominal pain were included in the analysis. The probability of OBGYN diseases was calculated using a logistic regression model of the POP score. Predictions were compared with observations to evaluate the calibration of the model. Further, the diagnostic ability (sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratio) of the POP score was evaluated. Of 66,599 ED visits, 1026 young adult women (median age [interquartile range]: 31 [23-41] years) were included for the analysis. The c-statistic was 0.645 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.603-0.687]. The predicted probabilities of OBGYN diseases was generally well-calibrated to the observations. When the cut-off was set between 2 and 3 points for the ruling in of OBGYN diseases, the positive likelihood ratio was 9.72 [95% CI: 3.33-28.4]. When the cut-off was set between 0 and 1 points for ruling out of OBGYN diseases, negative likelihood ratio was 0.181 [95% CI: 0.059-0.558]. Using ED data of three tertiary care hospitals, we externally validated the POP score for prediction of OBGYN diseases in the ED. The POP score likely has clinical value for screening OBGYN diseases in young adult women with abdominal pain in the ED.

Median arcuate ligament syndrome: A case report of a rare disease.

IntroductionMedian arcuate ligament syndrome (MALS) is a rare condition caused by the compression of the celiac trunk by the median arcuate ligament, which may trigger a typical symptom triad: postprandial abdominal pain, weight loss, nausea and vomiting.Clinical caseA 58-year-old male was admitted to the emergency department due to abdominal pain, vomiting, fever and diarrhea. On admission, the patient was tachycardic, had abdominal distension, no peritoneal irritation signs, and a serum lactate level of 5 mmol/L. The computed tomography (CT) scan showed gastric and intestinal pneumatosis associated with pneumoportia. Conservative treatment with intravenous fluids, antibiotics and low molecular weight heparin, was initiated. The reassessment CT scan showed resolution of the gastric and intestinal pneumatosis and a severe stenosis of the initial portion of the celiac trunk with associated angulation. After recovery from the acute episode, an abdominal duplex ultrasound and an aortoiliac arteriography in forced inspiration and expiration was performed, corroborating the diagnosis of MALS. A laparoscopic decompression of the celiac trunk was performed.DiscussionSymptoms of MALS closely mimic other abdominal disorders, and it should be considered in the differential diagnosis. Currently, there are no international guidelines on MALS diagnostic criteria. Treatment is focused on decompression of the median arcuate ligament constriction of the celiac artery, with or without celiac lymph node removal.ConclusionMALS diagnostic and therapeutic approach must be patient focused. Laparoscopic decompression is an effective treatment and can provide immediate symptomatic relief, associated with the benefits of the less invasive nature of the procedure.

Spontaneous perirenal hemorrhage in a pregnant woman due to the rupture of a simple renal cyst

Renal cysts are diagnosed by ultrasonography, computerized tomography (CT), or urography. A 36-year-old pregnant woman (G2, Ab1, within the gestational age of 38 weeks) with upper abdominal pain starting from two hours ago, vomiting, and nausea was referred to the emergency department. Although abdominal examinations revealed costovertebral angle tenderness, there were no signs of peritoneal irritation, and all vital signs of the patient were in a normal range. Initial investigation results including blood count (Hb: 11.4), BUN/Cr, Na/K, and UA were normal. She underwent a cesarean section (c/s) due to reduced fetal heart rate (FHR). After C/S,the CT scan showed a large left retroperitoneal hematoma with an anterosuperior displacement of the kidney and active bleeding in the cystic lesion of the upper pole of the kidney. Pathological examinations also confirmed a simple cyst. Overall, simple renal cysts should be considered as a rare cause of spontaneous perinatal hemorrhage (SPH) in pregnancy. The diagnosis and treatment of SPH in pregnancy are also critical challenges.

Pneumoperitoneum due to pneumothorax in blunt thoracoabdominal trauma: A diagnostic challenge

Objective: A Perforation of hollow viscus is the most common cause of pneumoperitoneum after a blunt thoracoabdominal trauma and demands prompt surgical exploration. Alternative routes into the peritoneal cavity, such as the presence of a diaphragmatic laceration associated with pneumothorax, although rare, should be considered when approaching these patients. Case Presentation: We present the case of a 78-year-old male admitted to the emergency department after being ran over by a car resulting in right thoracoabdominal trauma, presenting with dyspnea and signs of peritoneal irritation. CT scan identified right pneumothorax, pneumoperitoneum and free abdominal fluid. The pneumothorax was drained and posteriorly he underwent exploratory laparotomy where a traumatic laceration of the diaphragm was identified as the cause of pneumoperitoneum. Conclusion: Alternative causes of pneumoperitoneum should be considered in blunt thoracoabdominal trauma with possibility of conservative management in the absence of peritoneal irritation signs. Pneumothorax drainage is mandatory before intubation to avoid creation of a tension pneumothorax.

An Unexpected Guest in a Patient With Ulcerative Colitis

Question: A 16-year-old girl with a 2-year history of ulcerative colitis was referred to our university hospital because of fever, vomiting, and epigastric pain for 10 days; bloody diarrhea during the last month; and a rapid involuntary weight loss (5 kg). Sixth months earlier, during remission with oral mesalamine (60 mg/kg), she suffered a mild-to-moderate ulcerative colitis flare-up requiring oral prednisolone (1 mg/kg for 2 weeks and then tapered). At admission, physical examination showed pallor, mild signs of dehydration, and diffuse abdominal pain without signs of peritoneal irritation. Written consent for publication was obtained from the patient and her parents. Laboratory investigations revealed anemia, mild eosinophilia, hypoalbuminemia, an increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and fecal calprotectin. Specific serologic tests and blood and stool cultures for bacteria and viruses were negative. Colonoscopy showed pancolitis with continuous diffuse granular and friable mucosa (Mayo Score of 2) and upper endoscopy showed antral gastritis and diffuse duodenitis with nonbleeding erosions. The patient was started on steroids (1 mg/kg) followed by the amelioration of diarrhea, but persistence of mild grade fever and vomiting. Histologic examination showed crypt distortions and abscesses associated with goblet cell depletion. An upper endoscopy showed a normal esophageal and gastric mucosa. Duodenal histology (periodic acid–Schiff staining method) is presented in Figure A. What is the diagnosis? See the Gastroenterology web site (www.gastrojournal.org) for more information on submitting your favorite image to Clinical Challenges and Images in GI. Aspergillus fumigatus was identified in duodenal biopsy specimens. Serum galactomannan antigen test (Bio-rad Platelia Aspergillus Ag kit) and specific IgM (DRG IgM ELISA) assays were positive (index 4.1 and 6.5 UI/mL, respectively); chest and brain computed tomography scans were normal.1Donnelly J.P. Chen S.C. Kauffman C.A. et al.Revision and update of the consensus definitions of invasive fungal disease from the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer and the Mycoses Study Group Education and Research Consortium.Clin Infect Dis. 2020; 71: 1367-1376Crossref PubMed Scopus (898) Google Scholar Antifungal treatment with voriconazole (loading dose: 6 mg/kg/12 h on the first day, then 4 mg/kg/12 h) was started and steroids were tapered.2Patterson T.F. Thompson 3rd, G.R. Denning D.W. et al.Practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of aspergillosis: 2016 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America.Clin Infect Dis. 2016; 63: e1-e60Crossref PubMed Scopus (1405) Google Scholar A comprehensive immune assessment was performed after discontinuing steroid therapy. After 1 week of treatment, the clinical condition and inflammatory markers improved. Aspergillus fumigatus is a ubiquitous saprophytic fungus with low pathogenicity in healthy individuals, but may be the major cause of life-threatening infection in immunocompromised individuals. Enteric aspergillosis is an uncommon presentation of invasive aspergillosis, which can disseminate hematogenously to other organs. Clinical features of invasive aspergillosis include abdominal pain, fever, and hematochezia or peritonitis subsequent to bowel ischemia or perforation; typical endoscopic findings include ulcerations or islands of necrotic tissue. Glucocorticosteroids are critical in the management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but are associated with increased risk of opportunistic infections due to immune suppression. It should also be emphasized that IBD itself predisposes to infective complications3Kucharzik T. Ellul P. Greuter T. et al.ECCO guidelines on the prevention, diagnosis, and management of infections in inflammatory bowel disease.J Crohns Colitis. 2021; 15: 879-913Crossref PubMed Scopus (70) Google Scholar and that gastrointestinal infections can be potential triggers for IBD relapse.

Damage control surgery for grade IV blunt hepatic injury with multiple organ damage in a child: a case report

BackgroundIntra-abdominal hemorrhage caused by blunt hepatic injury is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with abdominal trauma. Some of these patients require laparotomy, and rapid decision-making and life-saving surgery are essential. Damage control (DC) surgery is useful for treating children in critical situations. We performed this technique to treat an 8-year-old boy with grade IV blunt hepatic injury and multiple organ damage. This is the first report of the use of the ABTHERA Open Abdomen Negative Pressure Therapy System (KCI, now part of 3 M Company, San Antonio, TX, USA) for DC surgery to rescue a patient without neurological sequelae.Case presentationAn 8-year-old boy was brought to the emergency department of our hospital after being run over by a motor vehicle. He had grade IV blunt hepatic injury, thyroid injury, and bilateral hemopneumothorax. Although he was hemodynamically stable, the patient’s altered level of consciousness, the presence of a sign of peritoneal irritation, and suspicion of intestinal injury led us to perform exploratory laparotomy. As part of a DC strategy, we performed gauze packing to control hemorrhage from the liver and covered the abdomen with an ABTHERA Open Abdomen Negative Pressure Therapy System to improve the patient’s general condition. Eighteen days after admission, the patient was diagnosed with a biliary fistula, which improved with percutaneous and external drainage. He had no neurological sequelae and was discharged 102 days after injury.ConclusionThe DC strategy was effective in children with severe blunt hepatic injury. We opted to perform DC surgery because children have less hemodynamic reserve than adults, and we believe that using this strategy before the appearance of trauma triad of death could save lives and improve outcomes. During conservative management, it is important to adopt a multistage, flexible approach to achieve a good outcome.

Jejunal diverticular disease complicated with spontaneous perforation: A rare case of acute abdomen and literature review

Introduction: The jejunal diverticular disease is an uncommon clinical pathology. In general, these diverticula are an incidentaloma found on imaging exams that can be seen in elective surgeries for other purposes. In a minority of cases it causes symptoms which result from serious complications such as perforation. Case report: A 56-year-old male patient, previously healthy and without comorbidities, was admitted to the emergency department due to abdominal pain which had started 24 hours ago, without improvement. On examination, the patient was in pain and in Mohammedan prayer's position in bed and had a distended abdomen with signs of peritoneal irritation. An abdominal tomography showed massive distension of intestinal loops and free fluid in the peritoneal cavity. He underwent exploratory laparotomy which showed multiple diverticula in the jejunum and one of them was perforated. Segmental enterectomy with primary anastomosis was performed. Conclusion: Complicated jejunal diverticular disease should be ranked among the differential diagnoses in acute perforating abdomen. Segmental jejunal resection is the treatment of choice. Keywords: small bowel diverticulum; jejuno-ileal diverticula; diverticulitis; perforation; acute abdomen; surgery.

RISK FACTOR ANALYSIS OF TYPE COLORECTAL OPERATION AND INTRAABDOMEN CONTAMINATION ON EVENT POST OPERATIVE ADHESION: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND METAANALYSIS

BACKGROUND: Colorectal surgery is the highest incidence of adhesion-related problems. The type of surgery might be total coletomy, right hemicolectomy, left hemicolectomy, segmental colectomy, Hartmann procedure, and colostomy. Surgical procedures performed on the colon could be contaminated. The most common contamination is faecal contamination. Various causes of peritoneal irritation result in localized brin production, which results in adhesion to the surfaces in contact. PURPOSE: This study focused on the type of colorectal surgery and intra-abdominal contamination on the incidence of postoperative adhesions. METHOD: Systematic review and meta-analysis. We searched for published journal on types of colorectal surgery and contamination with adhesion events published from 2010-2020 using electronic database : Pubmed, Science Direct and Cochrane. RESULT: Ten journals (8 cohort and 2 case control) were included in the meta-analysis. In the risk factors for colorectal surgery: APR surgery, total colectomy and rectal resection had a signicant risk of postoperative adhesions with a pooled odds ratio of 1.74 (95% CI 1 respectively). ,10-2,78); 2.89 (95% CI 2.44-3.41) and 9.91 (95% CI 8.66-11.35). Intra-abdominal contamination also had a risk of adhesions with a pooled odds ratio of 863.47 (95% CI 177.73-4194.13). CONCLUSION: Types of colorectal surgery : APR, total colectomy, and rectal resection and intra-abdominal contamination had a risk of postoperative adhesions.

Idiopathic Meckel's diverticulum perforation presenting at birth

Although symptomatic Mickel's Diverticulum (MD) in infants is rare, we report a case of perforated (MD) at birth in a full term male with signs of peritoneal irritation. Because of the rareness of perforated (MD) in infants, predicting the preoperative diagnosis is so difficult, but it doesn't affect the prognosis.

Splenic trauma: Definition, classifications, clinical profiles and best treatments

The spleen is an organ commonly injured in abdominal trauma of the upper left quadrant and until just under two decades the first choice was always splenectomy; however, based on new research and clinical experience, there is a tendency to preserve the spleen as much as possible, precisely because of its immune function and risk of infection. On the basis of the trauma and of the patient’s anamnesis, after an objective examination, the primary ABCDE evaluation, the Eco-FAST, and if necessary also the CT scan (with contrast), it is possible to choose between surgical (OM) and non-surgical (NOM) management: in the first hypothesis are included total or partial splenectomy surgery, raffia, direct hemostasis through drugs or devices with hemostatic-adhesive action, and laparoscopy; in the second hypothesis are included treatments such as controlled nutrition, rest, anticoagulant drug therapy (and antibiotic, if necessary), and angioembolization (exclusive or accessory to a NOM). In particular, in the last few years, a dual interpretation has emerged on the findings necessary to favour splenectomy (total or partial) over angioembolization. From the best clinical practice emerges therefore the answer to the question at hand, namely that the patient is a candidate for angioembolization if 1) is hemodynamically stable (with systolic blood pressure > 90 mmHg, heart rate < 100 bpm, and transfusion of < 3 units of blood in 24 hours) or stabilizable (positive response to rapid infusion of 1000-2000 cc of crystalloids-Ringer Lactate-with restoration of blood pressure and heart rate values in the range of hemodynamic stability); 3) there is no open trauma to the abdomen or evidence of vasoconstriction (cold, sweaty skin, decreased capillary refill) or obvious intestinal lesions or perforative peritonitis or high-grade lesions to the spleen or peritoneal irritation or signs of exsanguination or contrast blush or effusion (exceeding 300ml) detected by Eco-FAST. This preference is optimal concerning both the risks of postoperative infection and immunological risks; finally, age and head trauma, compared to the past, seem to be no longer discriminating conditions to favour splenectomy regardless. Splenic immune function is thought to be preserved after embolization, with no guidelines for prophylactic vaccination against encapsulated bacteria. Other clinical signs finally, however, might argue for discontinuation of NOM treatment in favour of a surgical approach: 1) need to transfuse more than 3 units of blood or simply the need for transfusion in 24 hours to maintain a maximum systolic blood pressure greater than 90 mmHg, correct anaemia less than 9 g/100 ml, or a hematocrit less than 30%; 2) persistence of paralytic ileus or gastric distension beyond 48 hours (despite a nasogastric aspiration); 3) increased hemoperitoneum (on ultrasound or CT); 4) aggravation of the lesion evidenced by ultrasound and/or CT (so-called “expansive” lesions); and 5) subsequent appearance of signs of peritoneal irritation. A complete understanding of post-embolization immune changes remains an area in need of further investigation, as do the psychological and mental health profiles of the surgical patient.

Mycobacteria avium-related peritonitis in a patient undergoing peritoneal dialysis: case report and review of the literature

BackgroundMycobacteria avium (M. avium) is a species of ubiquitous slowly growing nontuberculous mycobacteria. It causes opportunistic infections. However, M. avium-related peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients is rare.Case presentationA 51-year-old female end-stage kidney disease patient undergoing PD was admitted for a noninfectious complication. She presented catheter exit site drainage and slightly increased PD effluent white cell count (WCC) with polymorphonuclear predominance on admission. Exit site infection and PD-related peritonitis were diagnosed. Repeated cultures of effluent and drainage were negative. Initial empirical antibiotics and further adjustment were not rewarding. PD was terminated 2 weeks later, however, shortly the patient developed stupor, high fever, peritoneal irritation, and spontaneous chylous ascites, and showed elevated ascitic adenosine deaminase (ADA). The manifestations persisted and the patient’s general condition deteriorated despite intensified antibiotic therapy. Massive parallel sequencing identified M. avium in ascites on hospital day 25, and 4-drug treatment with azithromycin, amikacin, rifampin, and ethambutol was initiated. Nevertheless, the patient died from sepsis on hospital day 30.ConclusionsWe report a case of PD-related M. avium peritonitis. Prolonged culture-negative peritonitis, chylous ascites, and elevated ascitic ADA may hint the possibility of mycobacterial infections. Diagnostic method allowing prompt identification of the pathogen is warranted. The prognosis can be extremely poor, and the prophylaxis and treatment should be better defined.

Top tips regarding EUS-guided liver biopsy

Top tips regarding EUS-guided liver biopsy

S2653 Candida Liver Abscesses Due to a Penetrating Duodenal Ulcer

Introduction: Fungal infections of the liver commonly occur in patients with neutropenia, hematologic malignancies, and chemotherapy. The most common isolated agents are species of the Candida family, originating from the translocation of the gastrointestinal tract to the liver. Here, we present a rare case of multiple fungal abscesses in an immunocompetent host due to a perforating duodenal ulcer. Case Description/Methods: A 59-year-old man with COPD, hypertension, peptic ulcer disease, and obesity presented for altered mental status and fever. He was found to have right lower lobe pneumonia and complete heart block treated with antibiotics, temporary transvenous pacing then leadless permanent pacemaker. During his stay, he presented with melena. He underwent an upper endoscopy that showed a large 40 mm nonbleeding cratered duodenal ulcer with possible perforation and a superficial gastric ulcer with a flat pigmented spot. A CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis showed 3 perihepatic fluid collections along the left lobe, right lobe, and gallbladder fossa with the largest measuring 9cmx1.5cmx9cm and associated pneumobilia. There was no intra-abdominal free air. The patient was clinically stable, afebrile, and denied significant abdominal pain. There were no signs of peritoneal irritation on the physical exam. He did have a persistent neutrophilic leukocytosis with a white cell count of 18,400/ml, Hemoglobin 9g/dl, total bilirubin 0.6 mg/dl, AST 29 IU/l, ALT 38 IU/l, Alkaline phosphatase 53IU/L. The patient was managed conservatively with broad-spectrum antibiotics and proton pump inhibitors. He underwent urgent percutaneous drainage of the 2 largest abscesses. Cultures from the collections grew Candida albicans only. Blood cultures were negative. Thus, the patient was treated with micafungin then transitioned to fluconazole for a 6-week course of therapy. Amoebic and Echinococcus antibodies, and HIV tests were negative. A follow-up CT showed resolution of the liver collections. Discussion: This is a rare case of candida liver abscesses as a complication of a penetrating large duodenal ulcer successfully treated with conservative management. Pyogenic liver abscesses are unusual presentations of perforated gastroduodenal ulcers. In addition to the drainage of the collections, antifungal agents should be considered in the initial antimicrobial regimen choice even in immunocompetent hosts.Figure 1.: From A to C: CT demonstrated liver abscesses (frontal and axial views); D: Upper endoscopy showing a cratered duodenal ulcer.

Діагностика та лікування інфільтратів черевної порожнини в дітей

Мета дослідження — покращити результати лікування дітей з інфільтратами черевної порожнини за рахунок удосконалення діагностичних заходів, хірургічних технологій і післяопераційної реабілітації. Матеріали та методи. За 22 роки в Чернігівській області виконано 27 325 операцій на органах черевної порожнини в дітей, із них у 19 842 (72,6 %) — із причини різних форм апендикулярного відростка. Ускладнення у вигляді інфільтратів та абсцесів черевної порожнини встановлено у 285 (100,0 %) хворих дітей, з яких інфільтрати діагностовано в 78 (27,4 %) та абсцеси — у 207 (72,6 %). Хворі розподілені на дві підгрупи: групу дослідження (I; 2005–2015 рр.) — 29 дітей (37,2 %) і групу порівняння (II; 1994–2004 рр.) — 49 (62,8 %). Первинні інфільтрати черевної порожнини (ПІЧП) установлено в 51 хворого (65,4 %), з яких у I групі — у 27 (34,6 %), у II — у 24 (30,8 %). Вторинні інфільтрати черевної порожнини (ВІЧП) встановлено у 27 хворих (34,6 %), з яких у I групі — у 2 (2,6 %), у II — у 25 (32,0 %). Усім хворим проводилися загальноклінічне, лабораторне, а в групі дослідження — ультразвукове дослідження черевної порожнини з кольоровим допплерівським картуванням та комп’ютерна томографія органів черевної порожнини. Результати. Проведені дослідження показали, що термін госпіталізації дітей із первинними інфільтратами в I групі становив 11,75 ± 0,23 доби, а в II — 13 ± 1 доба, із вторинними інфільтратами — 13,65 ± 1,65 доби, серед дітей у I групі — 19 ± 9 діб, у II — 12,52 ± 1,71 доби. Клінічна картини у хворих із ПІЧП була такою: лихоманка — у 86,3 % випадків, симптоми дисфункції шлунково-кишкового тракту — у 41,1 %, нудота — у 29,4 %, біль у животі — у 62,4 %. Дані симптоми вказували на атиповість перебігу захворювання, що спричинило помилки на діагностичному етапі. Причинами несвоєчасної діагностики ПІЧП були: самолікування — у 43,1 % випадків, пізнє звернення за медичною допомогою — у 37,2 %, несвоєчасна амбулаторна діагностика — у 19,6 %. Променеві методи дослідження (оглядова рентгенографія черевної порожнини та комп’ютерна томографія): у II групі в 6 дітей (11,7 %) проти 18 (35,3 %) — у I. Клінічна картина з ВІЧП: лихоманка — у 100,0 % дітей, нудота — у 63 %, блювання — у 37 %, здуття черевної порожнини — у 55,6 % дітей, що була більш специфічною для ранніх післяопераційних інфільтратів — у 10 хворих (37 %). При об’єктивному обстеженні визначалися біль у животі — у 81,4 % дітей, симптоми подразнення очеревини — у 96,3 %, симптом «пухлини, що пальпується» — у 63 %. Променеві методи дослідження: у II групі в 5 дітей (18,5 %) проти 2 (100 %) — у I. З метою покращання результатів лікування нами була розроблена шкала бальної оцінки. Пацієнтам, які згідно з діагностичною шкалою мали 26–36 балів, було показане консервативне лікування. У хворих, які мали 37–45 балів, застосовували хірургічне лікування недуги через місцевий доступ. У хворих, які мали 46–72 бали, застосовували хірургічне лікування недуги через серединну лапаротомію. У 7 (9 %) хворих із ПІЧП при обстеженні згідно з діагностичною шкалою було встановлено 26–36 балів — показане консервативне лікування, з яких у І групі — у 3 (3,9 %), у ІІ — у 4 (5,1 %). У 35 дітей (44,9 %) було 37–45 балів — застосовували хірургічне лікування через місцевий доступ, з яких у І групі — у 18 (23,1 %), у ІІ — у 17 (21,8 %). У 9 дітей (11,5 %) було 46–72 бали, у них застосовували хірургічне лікування через серединну лапаротомію, з яких у І групі — у 6 (7,6 %), у ІІ — у 3 (3,9 %). Таким чином, у 44 хворих із ПІЧП проведено оперативне лікування. У 26 (33,4 %) хворих із ВІЧП згідно з діагностичною шкалою було встановлено 26–36 балів та показано консервативне лікування, з яких у І групі — у 2 (2,6 %), у ІІ — у 24 (30,8 %). В 1 дитини (1,2 %; хворий із ІІ групи) було встановлено 37–45 балів, застосовували хірургічне лікування з місцевого доступу. Висновки. Установлено, що клінічний перебіг інфільтратів черевної порожнини у хворих у 12,5–18,9 % випадків характеризується атиповою клінічною симптоматикою, що здебільшого призводить до запізнілого звернення до дитячого хірургічного стаціонару. Впровадження шкали бальної оцінки недуги черевної порожнини дозволило досягти покращання результатів лікування як у близькому, так і віддаленому періодах. У дослідженнях встановлено, що найбільш вразливими до розвитку інфільтратів черевної порожнини є діти віком від 7 до 12 років, які мають атипову локалізацію апендикулярного відростка в 62,3 % спостережень.

Spontaneous Rapid Improvement of Small Intestinal Edema

Question: A 69-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of sudden abdominal pain and vomiting. She had a history of IgA nephropathy, hypertension, lipid metabolism abnormality, and cholelithiasis. She had been taking perindopril erbumine and pitavastatin calcium for hypertension. On presentation, she had a mild tenderness in the lower abdomen but no sign of peritoneal irritation or fever.

Tumoración intraabdominal secundaria a torsión anexial crónica

Mujer de 65 años que consulta por síndrome constitucional y vómitos de 3 meses de evolución. La TC identificó una masa inframesocólica de 25x19x14cm, sólida y heterogénea que desplazaba asas intestinales y vasos mesentéricos (Figura 1).La biopsia percutánea reveló una tumoración mesenquimal de bajo grado indicándose cirugía. Se evidenció una gran tumoración necro-hemorrágica dependiente del ovario izquierdo y la trompa uterina torsionada realizándose anexectomía (Figura 2). El estudio definitivo certificó una tumoración fusocelular con cambios secundarios a torsión tubárica.
 La torsión anexial es una emergencia ginecológica poco frecuente causada por la torsión del ovario o la trompa alrededor del ligamento infundibulopélvico.1 A menudo se presenta de forma aguda como dolor e irritación peritoneal precisando intervención quirúrgica urgente.2 Sin embargo de manera excepcional (1:1,5 mill.)3 su presentación clínica es silente (dolor abdominal vago, vómitos o masa palpable) diagnosticándose tardíamente en pruebas de imagen o estudios anatomopatológicos de piezas quirúrgicas.1

Predictive Factors to Diagnose Appendicitis in Children in the Emergency Department.

IntroductionThe most common surgical condition in children is appendicitis. However, making a diagnosis can be difficult due to poor communication and difficulty in the physical examination.ObjectiveThis study aimed to determine the accurate clinical predictive factors for the diagnosis of appendicitis in children in the emergency department (ED).MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted from January 2015 to December 2019. The electronic medical records were reviewed from 1043 pediatric patients younger than 15 years with the chief complaint of abdominal pain and were admitted to the ED during the study period. The patients were divided into either the appendicitis group or non-appendicitis group. The two groups were compared in terms of baseline characteristics, abdominal symptoms and signs, symptom durations, laboratory results, final diagnosis, treatment in the ED, ED disposition, morbidity, and mortality. The significant predictive factors for the diagnosis of appendicitis were examined using univariate and multivariate analyses by logistic regression.ResultsPredictive factors for the diagnosis of appendicitis in pediatric patients with abdominal pain were gradual increase in abdominal pain (odds ratio (OR) 3.38, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.51–7.58), right lower quadrant abdominal tenderness (OR 21.07, 95% CI 9.12–48.67), presentation of peritoneal irritation signs (OR 12.57, 95% CI 5.28–29.92), and an absolute neutrophil count >75% (OR 4.68, 95% CI 2.3–9.51). The significant variables were used to develop a diagnostic predictive probability scoring system that ranged from 0.05 to 0.95. The receiver operating characteristic curve indicated a cut-off point of 0.089 to predict pediatric appendicitis with an area under the curve of 0.963.ConclusionThe predictive factors for diagnosing appendicitis in children are useful in determining which children require surgical intervention. However, the clinical symptoms and physical examination of the abdomen continue to be the most important diagnostic tools for the diagnosis of appendicitis in children.