Perirenal Tissue Research Articles

Extramedullary Hematopoiesis in Patients with Primary Myelofibrosis Rare and Serious Complications

Extra Medullary Hematopoiesis refers to the presence of hemopoietic elements in locations other than the bone marrow medullary space,It may be seen in many conditions, including chronic hemolytic anemias like thalassemia Intermedia or major. The common sites of involvement are the liver, spleen and the lymph nodes. Less common sites include the central nervous system, adrenal gland, kidney, perirenal soft tissues, breast, peritoneum and gastrointestinal tract the paraspinal region is a relatively uncommon location for these hemopoietic deposits. There are a few case reports of EMH occurring in the spineMost cases have been reported in connection with thalassemia, although it has also been described in patients with sickle cell anemia, polycythemia vera ,myelodysplastic syndrome and myelofibrosis. To the best of our knowledge, there are very few documented case reports in the literature of patients with myelofibrosis who developed cord compressive symptoms due to EMH in the spine from 1958 till 2016 only 15 cases were reported, In reported cases male to female ratio 7:1 with age range between 30 and 75 year old Paraprasesis are the most common presenting symptoms Thoracic region is the most affected site The degree of anemia and bone marrow fibrosis does not correlate with the occurrence of EMH since it was reported in cases with early fibrosis or mild anemia. Correlation between molecular markers like JAK2 and CALR, MPL is not describedNo definite guidelines have as yet been formulated for the treatment of such patients with EMH. Excision and decompression, radiotherapy, hypertransfusion and hydroxyurea alone or in combination have been proposed as well as lack of consensus about what is complete remission is it clinical or clinical and radiological and what is partial response is it any reduction of the mass lesion or any degree of clinical improvement in conclusion there is necessity to establish consensus for treatment and definition of CR, PR or No response in EMH with MF. DisclosuresNo relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Extra Medullary Hematopoiesis in Patients with Polycythemia Vera Rare and Unusual Presentations

Extramedullary Hematopoisis refers to the presence of hemopoietic elements in locations other than the bone marrow medullary space, it may be seen in many conditions, including chronic hemolytic anemias like thalassemia Intermedia or major. The common sites of involvement are the liver, spleen and the lymph nodes. Less common sites include the central nervous system, adrenal gland, kidney, perirenal soft tissues, breast, peritoneum and gastrointestinal tract the paraspinal region is a relatively uncommon location for these hemopoietic deposits. There are a few case reports of EMH occurring in the spineMost cases have been reported in connection with thalassemia, although it has also been described in patients with sickle cell anemia,myelodysplastic syndrome and myelofibrosis. To the best of our knowledge, there are very few documented case reports in the literature of patients with polycythemia vera and Extra medullary Hemayopoiesis.The reported cases are limited in this regard only 11 cases were reported from 1979 till 2015, Paraprasesis is the most common presenting symptom, Age between 30 to 75 year with Male to female 6:1,Thoracic region is most affected site Most cases treated by surgery ,radiotherapy or both Poorer outcome compared to MF casesOverall the mortality in EMH with polycythemia vera is higher than MF and thalassemia, some of them due to fatal location of cord compression (cervical)No definite guidelines have as yet been formulated for the treatment of such patients with EMH. Excision and decompression, radiotherapy, hypertransfusion and hydroxyurea alone or in combination have been proposed as well as lack of consensus about what is complete remission is it clinical or clinical and radiological and what is partial response is it any reduction of the mass lesion or any degree of clinical improvement in conclusion there is necessity to establish consus for treatment and definition of CR ,PR or No response in EMH with polycythemia vera. DisclosuresNo relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Emphysematous pyelonephritis: the impact of urolithiasis on disease severity

BackgroundEmphysematous pyelonephritis is a severe infection of the kidney associated with formation of gas in the renal parenchyma and/or collecting system. The purpose of this study was to evaluate outcomes of patients with emphysematous pyelonephritis in a contemporary cohort and to evaluate the impact of urolithiasis on disease severity.MethodsA search of all imaging reports at University of California San Francisco (UCSF) for the term “emphysematous pyelonephritis” was undertaken from 2003–2014. Patients were included if there was clinical evidence of infection, no recent urologic instrumentation, and computerized tomography (CT) demonstrating gas in the renal parenchyma or collecting system. Clinical and laboratory variables were obtained from medical records.ResultsA total of 14 cases were identified. The majority of patients (57%) had gas confined to the collecting system. Three patients (21%) had gas in the renal parenchyma and 3 patients (21%) had gas extending into perirenal tissues. A total of 8 patients (57%) had concomitant urolithiasis. Seven patients (50%) were managed with antibiotic therapy alone while 6 patients (43%) required percutaneous drainage. No patients required immediate nephrectomy. There were no deaths. Patients with urolithiasis had less severe emphysematous pyelonephritis than patients without urolithiasis (P<0.05).ConclusionsThe majority of patients in this study had gas contained within the collecting system and were treated successfully with antibiotics alone. Percutaneous drainage was successfully utilized in patients with more advanced disease. No patients required emergent nephrectomy. Emphysematous pyelonephritis in patients with urolithiasis was less severe than in patients without urolithiasis.

Clinical and pathological characteristics and prognostic evaluation of high-risk small renal carcinoma

Objective To study clinical and histopathological features of high-risk small renal carcinoma and provide theoretical basis for the individualized treatment. Methods This retrospective study analyzed the clinical and histological data of 21 patients of high-risk small renal cell carcinomas which were highly aggressive or advanced stage, admitted from Jan 2000 to July 2015. There were 15 males and 6 females, and the average age was (61.5±7.1) years (ranged 27 to 75 years). The mean diameter of tumors was 3.3cm (ranged 2.0 to 4cm). The study mainly focused on pathological character and stage, Fuhrman grading, existence of perirenal tissue or vascular invasion, venous embolus and distant metastasis. Results Of all these 21 cases, 17 cases were clear cell carcinomas, 1 was papillary carcinoma, 2 were hybrid cellular tumor (malignant rhabdoid tumor and sarcomatoid carcinoma) and 1 was sarcomatoid carcinoma. Among the 17 clear cell carcinoma cases, 12 were Fuhrman grade Ⅱ, 5 were grade Ⅲ and one was grade Ⅳ. Tumor infiltrated renal vein or its branches and renal vein embolus were found in 7 cases. The tumor infiltrated perirenal or renal sinus fat were found in 11 cases. Synchronous lung and local lymph nodes metastasis were found in 3 patients respectively. Moreover, there was 1 case with metastasis to the brain (Fuhrman Ⅳ). The final clinical stage were T3aN0M0 in 14, T1aN1M0 in 3 and T1aN0M1 in 4 cases. Conclusions Small renal tumors are heterogeneous in its biological behavior and the minorities are aggressive with infringement of perirenal fat or simultaneous local lymph node or distant metastasis. When the tumor is greater than 3.0 cm in diameter and with high grade in Fuhrman classification, sarcomatoid carcinoma are more likely to be highly aggressive and advanced stage. Key words: Kidney neoplasms; Pathology; Neoplasm metastasis

Gas in the Kidney (Emphysematous Pyelonephritis) often Misdiagnosed as Colonic Gas

Emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN) is a serious and often life threatening infection of the renal and perirenal tissues. The characteristic feature of this infection is the presence of gas within the kidney and perinephric tissues. EPN usually occurs in diabetic women. CT Scan is the investigation of choice not only to establish the diagnosis but also to plan the line of management. Renal preservation must be the aim of management. This can be achieved to a great extent by medical management combined with percutaneous drainage of obstructed kidney. However nephrectomy is indicated in life threatening infection of the kidney. Prompt diagnosis and the timing of drainage could be the prognostic factor. A case of EPN in a diabetic patient who was successfully managed by nephrectomy is presented.J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2015; 33(2): 91-94

Perirenal Involvement of Mantle Cell Lymphoma: Imaging Features

Perirenal lymphoma is a rare disease and accounts for less than 10% of all malignant lymphomas. Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is the rarest but 1 of the most aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma subtype. The perirenal involvement of MCL has not been reported previously. A 69-year-old male, who had been diagnosed as having MCL 1 year ago, presented with recent-onset right back pain. Herein we present the key imaging findings of perirenal soft tissue manifestation of MCL.

Effect of dietary soybean oil and antioxidants on fatty acids and volatile compounds of tail subcutaneous and perirenal fat tissues in fattening lambs.

BackgroundFat is the primary source of the volatiles that determine the characteristic flavors of animal products. Because unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) contribute to changes in flavor as a result of the oxidation process, a feeding trial was performed to investigate the effects of dietary soybean oil or antioxidants on the fatty acid and volatile profiles of the tail subcutaneous (SF) and perirenal fat tissues (PF) of fattening lambs. Thirty-six Huzhou lambs were assigned to four dietary treatments in a randomized block design. The lambs’ diets were supplemented with soybean oil (0 or 3 % of DM) or antioxidants (0 or 0.025 % of DM).ResultsNeither soybean oil nor antioxidant supplementation had an effect on lamb growth (P > 0.05). In regard to tail SF, soybean oil supplementation increased the 18:2n6t (P < 0.05) and the total amount of volatile acids, whereas antioxidant supplementation increased the content of C18:2n6c and C18:3n3 (P < 0.05) but had no effect on the volatiles profile. In regard to PF, dietary soybean oil supplementation increased the C18:0 content (P < 0.01); decreased the C18:1 (P = 0.01), C22:1 n9 (P < 0.01) and total UFA (P = 0.03) contents; and tended to decrease the E-2-octenal (P = 0.08), E, E-2, 4-decadienal (P = 0.10), 2-undecenal (P = 0.14) and ethyl 9-decenoate (P = 0.10) contents. Antioxidant supplementation did not affect either the fatty acid content or the volatiles profile in the PF.ConclusionsTail SF and PF responded to dietary soybean oil and antioxidant supplementation in different ways. For SF, both soybean oil and antioxidant supplementation increased the levels of unsaturated fatty acids but triggered only a slight change in volatiles. For PF, soybean oil supplementation decreased the levels of unsaturated fatty acids and oxidative volatiles, but supplementation with antioxidants had little effect on PF fatty acids and the volatiles profile.

Patterns of body condition use and its impact on fertility

&lt;p&gt;A total of 60 nulliparous crossbred rabbit females were, a posteriori, divided into 2 experimental groups according to their natural “decision” to conceive or not at day 11 post first parturition (L: solely-lactating or LP: lactating-pregnant). This design allowed us to study the evolution of body reserves around first parturition and its influence on the future reproductive success of rabbit females. Primiparous rabbit females that failed to conceive when inseminated at day 11 post-partum (L) seemed to have a higher perirenal fat thickness (PFT) 12 d pre-partum (+0.25 mm; P=0.079) than females that conceived (LP). In the subsequent days, L females showed a significantly higher mobilisation rate than LP females (on av.–0.12 and –0.07 mm of PFT per day, respectively; P=0.007), reaching a lower PFT at partum (5.17 mm vs. 5.62 mm, respectively; P = 0.002). However, due to a greater recovery rate observed in L females (+0.15 vs. +0.08 mm of PFT per day for L and LP females, respectively; P=0.007), PFT at 10 d post-partum was similar (on av. 5.86 mm). These different patterns showed that PFT level at 12 d pre-partum and PFT mobilisation rate onwards seems to drive the start of a new pregnancy. It also seems to modify the energy metabolism of rabbit females, allowing does to recover perirenal fat tissue without compromising the production of milk necessary for the current litter.&lt;/p&gt;

Diagnostic and prognostic role of computed tomography in extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy complications.

Purpose:To evaluate the role of multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) in recognizing the complications of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) and providing a prognostic grading system for the therapeutic approach.Materials and Methods:A total of 43 patients who underwent ESWL because of urinary stone disease were assessed by 320-row MDCT examination before and after ESWL. Pre-ESWL CT unenhanced scans were performed for diagnosing stone disease. Post-ESWL CT scans were acquired before and after intravenous injection of contrast medium searching for peri-renal fluid collection or hyper-density, pyelic or ureteral wall thickening, blood clots in the urinary tract, peri- or intra-renal hematoma or abscess, active bleeding. A severity grading system of ESWL complications was established.Results:Patients were affected by renal (n = 36) or ureteral (n = 7) lithiasis. Post-ESWL CT examination detected small fluid collections and hyper-density of peri-renal fat tissue in 35/43 patients (81%), pyelic or ureteral wall thickening in 2/43 (4%), blood clots in the urinary tract in 9/43 (21%), renal abscesses or hematomas with a diameter of <2 cm in 10/43 (23%), large retroperitoneal collections in 3/43 (7%), active bleeding from renal vessels in 1/43 (2%). Mild complications were found in 30 cases; moderate in 9; severe in 4. The therapeutic choice was represented by clinical follow-up (n = 20), clinical and CT follow-up (n = 10), ureteral stenting (n = 9), drainage of large retroperitoneal collections (n = 3), and arterial embolization (n = 1).Conclusion:MDCT plays a crucial role in the diagnosis of urolithiasis and follow-up of patients treated with ESWL recognizing its complications and providing therapeutic and prognostic indications.

Pathology of emphysematous pyelonephritis: A study of 11 cases

Objective: The objective was to study the pathological features of emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN). Materials and Methods: A total of 11 nephrectomy specimens of EPN received in the surgical pathology section of a tertiary hospital in a metropolis city during the period 2005-2014 are included in this study. Clinical details were obtained from the patients' records. All the patients had undergone total nephrectomy. All the specimens were fixed in 10% buffered formalin and processed for paraffin wax sectioning. The sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin stain. Results: The most common symptoms were fever and costovertebral pain. Diabetes mellitus was present in 9 out of 11 cases and one case had calculus in the pelvis. One patient had underlying diabetes which was undiagnosed during the nephrectomy. Diagnosis of EPN was confirmed by the presence of gas and fluid in the renal tissue by computed tomography. The left kidney (nine cases, 81%) was more frequently affected than the right kidney (two cases, 19%). EPN occurred in 40-60 years of age (mean age 51.5%), and out of 11 patients, 8 (81%) were female. Escherichia coli was the commonly isolated organism from urine. Eight cases were of Type II EPN and three cases were Type I EPN. Histopathologic examination of all the cases of EPN showed acute suppurative (necrotizing) inflammation of renal parenchyma and perirenal tissues associated with vasculitis of vessels and infarction. Conclusion: EPN is most commonly seen in patients with diabetes mellitus, and E. coli is the most common causative organism.

Carcass traits, meat yield and fatty acid composition of adipose tissues and Supraspinatus muscle in goats fed blend of canola oil and palm oil.

BackgroundDietary fats can alter the deposition and distribution of body fats in ruminants. The deposition and distribution of body fat play a vital role in the quality of ruminant carcasses and are of great commercial value since they influence the profitability and consumer acceptability of ruminant meat. The current study examined the effects of dietary blend of 80 % canola oil and 20 % palm oil (BCPO) on carcass characteristics, meat yield and accretion of fatty acid (FA) in subcutaneous, omental, perirenal, and mesentery adipose depots and m. supraspinatus (SS) in goats.MethodsTwenty four Boer crossbred bucks (BW 20.54 ± 0.47 kg) were randomly assigned to diets containing on DM basis 0, 4 and 8 % BCPO, fed for 100 d and harvested.ResultsDiet had no effect (P > 0.05) on slaughter weight, dressing percentage, carcass and non-carcass components, meat yield, color, moisture and carotenoid contents and weight of adipose tissues in goats. The proportion of C18:1n-9 and cis-9 trans-11 CLA in the omental, perirenal and SS was higher (P < 0.05) in goats fed 4 and 8 % BCPO compared with the control goats. Dietary BCPO reduced (P < 0.05) the proportion of C14:0 in the omental, perirenal and mesentery depots, C18:0 in the perirenal depot, C16:0 in the SS and C16:1n-7 in the SS, omental and perirenal tissues. Dietary BCPO enhanced the proportion of C18:1 trans-11 Vaccenic and C18:3n-3 in SS and C20:5n-3 in SS and mesentery depot. No significant changes were found in the FA composition of subcutaneous depot.ConclusionsResults indicate that dietary BCPO can be utilized to alter the FA composition of adipose tissues without detrimental effects on carcass characteristics in goats. Nonetheless, dietary BCPO is not an effective repartitioning agent for body fats in goats.

Abstract 13272: Efficacy and Safety of Non-invasive Renal Denervation Study Using Externally Delivered Focused Ultrasound in Severe Resistant Hypertension

Background: Invasive catheter based techniques for renal denervation have been extensively examined in treating patients with resistant hypertension, with mixed results and some periprocedural complications. New evidence suggested that not all renal nerves are in the range of invasive procedures limited to a distance 4 to 6 mm from the lumen. Aims: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of an entirely non-invasive approach to renal denervation using externally delivered focused ultrasound to the peri-renal artery tissue with real time Doppler-based image guidance. Methods and results: Twenty-seven patients with severe, treatment resistant hypertension, defined as persistent systolic blood pressure (BP) &gt; 160 mmHg despite 3 or more antihypertensive medications, were treated non-invasively with the Kona Medical Surround Sound System™. Focused ultrasound energy was delivered to the renal arteries bilaterally and surrounding tissue using Doppler-based imaging and continuous tracking with automatic correction for kidney motion throughout treatment. Patients received conscious sedation during the treatment period. At this time, all patients have completed 24 weeks and 23 patients 52 weeks of follow up. Post-denervation, the mean changes from baseline BP (175/92 mmHg) were -16.8/-8.6 mmHg at 3 weeks, -23.2/-10.8 mmHg at 6 weeks, -29.7/-13.1 mmHg at 12 weeks, -21.6/-8.7 mmHg at 24 weeks and -25.6/-10.1 mmHg at 52 weeks . No serious device-related events have been reported to date. Forty-one percent of subjects (11/27) reported mild back pain immediately following the denervation treatment. The majority of cases (7/11) completely resolved within three days post treatment without any significant intervention and no case was associated with any motor, sensory deficits. Conclusions: This is the first study in humans using a non-invasive renal denervation system in severe resistant hypertension. Results showed clinically meaningful reductions from baseline in office BP through 52 weeks post-denervation. The procedure was well-tolerated with no serious adverse events. This technology should enable patients to benefit from renal denervation therapy without the invasive risks associated with catheter based techniques.

Pielonefritis enfisematosa en paciente con infección por virus de inmunodeficiencia humana: reporte de caso

Emphysematous pyelonephritis is a necrotising infection of the renal parenchyma that may affect the perirenal tissue. Thus, the spectrum of clinical presentation is variable (septic shock, metabolic acidosis, hyperglycaemia, hypoglycaemia, renal failure, delirium); most cases have been reported in patients with diabetes mellitus or obstructive uropathy. We report the case of a young female patient without diabetes who presented emphysematous pyelonephritis as the condition that led to the diagnosis of HIV infection, without related comorbidities, and who was successfully treated with surgical and antibiotical therapy. A systematic search of the literature revealed that this disease as a condition leading to an initial diagnosis of HIV infection has not been previously reported.

Emphysematous Pyelonephritis: a Review of a Rare Condition

Emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN) is a rare condition which is potentially life threatening. It is characterised by gas formation within the collecting system, renal parenchyma and/or perirenal tissues. Diabetes is the single most common risk factor for the development of EPN. Other risk factors include urinary tract obstruction and immunocompromise. Escherichia Coli is the most common pathogen. EPN is characterised by fever, loin pain and systemic upset. Gold standard diagnosis and classification of EPN is made with contrast CT. Classification can be used as a prognostic indicator for mortality and to guide management. EPN may be managed conservatively or surgically. Patients managed conservatively are resuscitated and administered with intravenous antibiotics. Intravenous fluid, glucose control for diabetics and acid base balance are vital components for primary management. For those in whom conservative management is unsuccessful, a parenchymal drain may be considered to drain gas or a collection of pus. Patients with hydronephrosis will benefit from a nephrostomy or JJ stent insertion. Patients who have failed minimally invasive surgical intervention or who have a number of risk factors predisposing them to EPN should undergo either immediate or delayed nephrectomy. With treatment for EPN now moving away from nephrectomy towards less invasive interventions, mortality rates for EPN are improving but remaining high.

Incorporation of a prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor into scaffolds: a strategy for stimulating vascularization.

Clinical applications of tissue engineering are constrained by the ability of the implanted construct to invoke vascularization in adequate extent and velocity. To overcome the current limitations presented by local delivery of single angiogenic factors, we explored the incorporation of prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors (PHIs) into scaffolds as an alternative vascularization strategy. PHIs are small molecule drugs that can stabilize the alpha subunit of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), a key transcription factor that regulates a variety of angiogenic mechanisms. In this study, we conjugated the PHI pyridine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid (PDCA) through amide bonds to a gelatin sponge (Gelfoam(®)). Fibroblasts cultured on PDCA-Gelfoam were able to infiltrate and proliferate in these scaffolds while secreting significantly more vascular endothelial growth factor than cells grown on Gelfoam without PDCA. Reporter cells expressing green fluorescent protein-tagged HIF-1α exhibited dose-dependent stabilization of this angiogenic transcription factor when growing within PDCA-Gelfoam constructs. Subsequently, we implanted PDCA-Gelfoam scaffolds into the perirenal fat tissue of Sprague Dawley rats for 8 days. Immunostaining of explants revealed that the PDCA-Gelfoam scaffolds were amply infiltrated by cells and promoted vascular ingrowth in a dose-dependent manner. Thus, the incorporation of PHIs into scaffolds appears to be a feasible strategy for improving vascularization in regenerative medicine applications.

English

BACKGROUND: Emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN) is a rare, severe, acute, necrotizing infection of the renal parenchyma and perirenal tissues that is caused by gas-producing bacterial pathogens. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To present our experience and discuss the various management approaches for treating Emphysematous pyelonephritis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis of the hospital records was done. A total of thirty two patients with EPN were admitted in our hospital from October 2011 to November 2013. All the patients were managed conservatively. Follow-up ranged from three months to two years. RESULTS: Of the thirty two patients, seven belonged to class I, fourteen to class II, eight to class IIIA, one to class IIIB and two to the class IV. Thirty patients had history of fever, 24 had localized flank pain while 7 had dysuria, 8 had hypotension and 6 patients presented with altered sensorium. E. coli was the most common bacteria, which was isolated from urine in 78% of the patients. On the risk factor stratification, twelve patients had simultaneous presence of 2 or more risk factors (thrombocytopenia-19 patients; renal function impairment-29 patients; shock-8 patient; altered sensorium-6). All the patients were initially managed with aggressive fluid and electrolyte resuscitation, control of blood sugar levels, and broad spectrum antibiotics. Intervention, in the form of percutaneous drainage or DJ stenting, was done in Twenty five patients. Thus, the acute episode was managed with conservative and minimally invasive management strategies in all the patients; however, two patients of class IIIA underwent nephrectomy because of their delayed presentation and due to not recovering from sepsis in spite of percutaneous drainage. CONCLUSIONS: EPN is now being more readily diagnosed, at an early stage, making conservative and minimally invasive management of EPN a safe, effective, and feasible option.

Advances of multidetector computed tomography in the characterization and staging of renal cell carcinoma.

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for approximately 90%-95% of kidney tumors. With the widespread use of cross-sectional imaging modalities, more than half of RCCs are detected incidentally, often diagnosed at an early stage. This may allow the planning of more conservative treatment strategies. Computed tomography (CT) is considered the examination of choice for the detection and staging of RCC. Multidetector CT (MDCT) with the improvement of spatial resolution and the ability to obtain multiphase imaging, multiplanar and three-dimensional reconstructions in any desired plane brought about further improvement in the evaluation of RCC. Differentiation of RCC from benign renal tumors based on MDCT features is improved. Tumor enhancement characteristics on MDCT have been found closely to correlate with the histologic subtype of RCC, the nuclear grade and the cytogenetic characteristics of clear cell RCC. Important information, including tumor size, localization, and organ involvement, presence and extent of venous thrombus, possible invasion of adjacent organs or lymph nodes, and presence of distant metastases are provided by MDCT examination. The preoperative evaluation of patients with RCC was improved by depicting the presence or absence of renal pseudocapsule and by assessing the possible neoplastic infiltration of the perirenal fat tissue and/or renal sinus fat compartment.

Fetal life malnutrition is not reflected in the relative abundance of adiponectin and leptin mRNA in adipose tissue in male mink kits at 9.5 weeks of age

Malnutrition in fetal life and during suckling have in some animal studies resulted in adaptive changes related to the fat and glucose metabolism, which in the long term might predispose the offspring for metabolic disorders such as obesity later in life. The objective was to study the effect of fetal life malnutrition in male mink on the gene expression of leptin and adiponectin in different adipose tissue sites. Thirty-two male mink, strict carnivore species, exposed to low (FL) or adequate (FA) protein provision the last 16.3 ± 1.8 days of fetal life and randomly assigned to a low (LP) or adequate (AP) protein diet from 7 to 9.5 weeks of age were used. Adipose tissues (subcutaneous, perirenal and mesenteric) were analyzed using qPCR. Fetal life or post-weaning protein provision did not affect the relative abundances of leptin and adiponectin mRNAs in adipose tissue at 9.5 weeks of age. Relative abundances of leptin and adiponectin mRNAs were different between adipose tissue sites and were significantly higher in subcutaneous than in perirenal and mesenteric tissues. Fetal life protein malnutrition in male mink, did not result in adaptive changes in the gene expression of leptin and adiponectin mRNAs in adipose tissue at 9.5 weeks of age as found in rodents. However, both leptin and adiponectin mRNAs were significantly differently expressed between tissue sites.

Spontaneous Retroperitoneal Hemorrhage: a Case Report and an Overview of the Literature

Spontaneous Retroperitoneal Hemorrhage: a Case Report and an Overview of the Literature We report the case of a 74-year-old man afflicted with endstage renal disease, currently in chronic replacement therapy, taking warfarin on a regular basis, who presented feelings of weakness and acute right flank pain during a dialysis session. He was sent to the Emergency Department where an abdominal computed tomography with intravenous contrast administration revealed the presence of a wide hematoma developing in the right kidney, with continuous extension to perirenal fat tissue, Gerota’s fascia and posterior pararenal space.

Experimental gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in the sheep

Abstract The aim of the study was to investigate the nephrotoxic effects of gentamicin in adult male sheep, and to identify the earliest signs of toxicity and the extent of clinical and biochemical changes. Twenty clinically healthy yearling male Iranian fattailed sheep were injected with gentamicin sulfate at a daily dose of 80 mg/kg for 9-10 d when nephrotoxicosis was induced. Blood samples were collected weekly before and after induction of nephrotoxicosis. Gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity was characterised by increased creatinine and urea levels in serum, electrolyte imbalances, occurrence of albuminuria, and renal dysfunction. Significant elevation in respiratory and heart rates were observed one week after treatment (P &lt; 0.05). There was a noticeable increase in water consumption, lethargy, and loss of appetite in treated sheep. There were significant correlations between serum creatinine and potassium (P = 0.004, r = 0.759), sodium (P = 0.017, r = 0.501), and urea (P = 0.021, r = 0.617) levels. Additionally, significant negative correlations between serum total protein and albumin and creatinine (P = 0.023, r = -0.484) and urea (P = 0.036, r = -0.381) were found. At necropsy, the kidneys were pale, swollen, and wet on the cut surface, especially perirenal tissues and ureters were oedematous. These findings confirmed the previous reports in other species.