Peripheral Blood Of Children Research Articles

Lower number of plasmacytoid dendritic cells in peripheral blood of children with bronchiolitis following respiratory syncytial virus infection

ObjectivesDendritic cells (DCs) are key mediators of allergic airway inflammation. Thus, it is important to understand the relationship between respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection and DCs, especially in children with RSV bronchiolitis.MethodsWe collected peripheral blood from 71 children with RSV bronchiolitis at the time of admission and 28 children who were followed up 3 months following admission. Flow cytometry was performed to detect dendritic cell immunophenotypes.ResultsPatients with RSV bronchiolitis exhibited significantly higher number of myeloid DCs and lower number of plasmacytoid DCs at the time of admission and 3 months following discharge, compared with healthy controls. These children had a significantly higher myeloid/plasmacytoid ratio 3 months after discharge compared with healthy controls.ConclusionsAmong children with RSV bronchiolitis, there is an imbalance in peripheral blood myeloid/plasmacytoid ratio. The low number of plasmacytoid DCs in peripheral blood indicates the development of bronchiolitis due to RSV infection.

Amoeboid neutrophils with few granules in childhood acute precursor B cell leukemia.

We sometimes treat children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in whom neutrophil function is impaired at diagnosis. Transmission electron microscopy enables more accurate assessment by providing greater morphological detail. Using transmission electron microscopy, we have found 2 types of neutrophils in the peripheral blood of children: 1) amoeboid neutrophils, which are characterized as amoeboid cells with pseudopodia and few granules, and 2) round neutrophils with many granules at different stages and glycogen particles. To assess the pathological role of amoeboid neutrophils, we investigated amoeboid neutrophils in the peripheral blood of children with leukemia. Amoeboid neutrophils were examined in peripheral blood from 12 children with acute B-cell precursor lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL). Eight children with short stature served as healthy control subjects. The percentage of amoeboid neutrophils (per total neutrophil count) at onset or relapse of BCP-ALL was significantly higher than at remission. Children with short stature showed a lower percentage of amoeboid neutrophils than did children with acute leukemia. The presence of fewer intracellular granules in amoeboid neutrophils suggests lower neutrophil activity. These results indicate that amoeboid neutrophils in patients with BCP-ALL have lower function at onset and relapse.

PReS-FINAL-2059: Th17 cells highly enriched in peripheral blood in children with HLA B27-associated arthritis and systemic onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis

compare with HLA B27+ and systemic onset arthritis. Level of IL-17A IL-1b, IL-6 (in contrast with tnfa level), was increased in patients with active HLA B27+ arthritis, if compare with other subtypes of JIA (p < 0,05). In patients with complete clinical and laboratory remission level of IL-17+T cells was reduced and almost did not differ from the control group. We also found statistically significant correlation between IL-6 level, RO+CCR6+ and the presence of osteoporosis in children with JIA. During therapy with tocilizumab expression of CCR6 and CCR4 on PBMC was decreased in patients with systemic onset JIA. Conclusion

Changes of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α7 expression in CD4+ CD25+T lymphocytes of children with sepsis

Objective To study the expression of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α7 in CD4+CD25+T lymphocytes of peripheral blood in children with sepsis, and to analyze the role of α7nAChR in the development of sepsis. Methods Forty-nine hospitalized patients with sepsis from Nov. 2011 to Dec. 2012 in PICU of Nanjing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University were enrolled, and they were divided into the survival group (n=33) and the dead group (n=16) in accordance with the outcome. At the same time, the total of 40 cases including the children receiving inguinal hernia repair and the children receiving health examination were enrolled as control group. Peripheral venous blood was collected to detect the expression of CD4+/CD25+/α7nAChR by indirect flow cytometry. Simultaneously, the CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD4+/CD8+ ratio were detected, and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health EvaluationⅡ(APACHEⅡ) scores were calculated. Results The expressions of CD4+/CD25+/α7nAChR in sepsis group were much lower than those in the control group[(25.8±3.1)% vs (34.9±2.9)%, P<0.05]; and the expression of CD4+CD25+/α7nAChR in the dead group was also significantly lower than that in the survival group[(22.4±2.5)% vs (28.1±2.9)%, P<0.05]. The expressions of α7nAChR on CD4+/CD25+T lymphocytes of peripheral blood in children with sepsis was negatively correlated with the APACHEⅡ score(r=-0.512, P<0.05). The CD3+, CD4+, CD4+/CD8+ ratios in the dead group were significantly lower than those in the control group (all P<0.05); in the survival group and the control group, the values of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ were not significantly different, while the ratios of CD4+/CD8+ between these 2 groups had a significant difference(P<0.05). Conclusions The expressions of α7nAChR on the CD4+CD25+T lymphocytes in the children with sepsis were reduced, and the expressions were lower, the outcome were worse; the children with sepsis have cell immune dysfunction. Key words: Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α7; Sepsis; Choline; Lymphocytes

High Levels Of FLT3 Ligand (FL) Reverse Etoposide Resistance In FLT3-Mutant Acute Leukemia Via Substrate Inhibition: Implications For Treatment

BackgroundFLT3 is expressed in most human acute leukemias. When activated by FL, wild type (wt) FLT3 dimerizes and initiates downstream signals that result in proliferation and inhibition of apoptosis and differentiation. Activating FLT3 mutations (internal tandem duplications (ITDs) or point mutations) are common in AML and rare in ALL. ITD mutations confer a poor outcome in AML. In vitro, mutant FLT3 signaling can be further enhanced by binding of FL. Peripheral blood (PB) plasma FL levels rise in adults with AML, peaking about two weeks after initiation of chemotherapy. We sought to determine plasma levels of FL in pediatric patients after chemotherapy, and the functional effect of various levels of FL on both wt and mutant FLT3 leukemia cells. MethodsFL levels were measured using FL ELISA on plasma samples (n=352) isolated from PB of children (n=75) enrolled on 4 multi-center acute leukemia clinical trials. Functional studies were performed on AML and ALL cell lines with wt FLT3 (HL60, RS4;11, SEMK2, and KOPN-8) and mutant FLT3 (MOLM14, MV4-11, and HB-1119). 72 hr etoposide IC50 was determined by WST-1 for each line. Cells were plated (250,000 cell/mL) for 72hr at etoposide IC50 in RPMI 1640 along with increasing concentrations of recombinant human FL (62.5 to 4,000 pg/ml). Cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed using propidium iodide staining and annexin V/7-AAD binding, respectively. To explore the mechanism of FL effects, Ba/F3-ITD cells were incubated for 72hr in serum-free conditions with either 4,000 pg/mL (“high”), 62.5 pg/mL (“low”), or no FL. After washing, total and phosphorylated FLT3 protein levels were determined by Western blot. ResultsPediatric patients receiving chemotherapy for the treatment of acute leukemia demonstrate a pattern of plasma FL rise with low levels at baseline (mean 41 pg/ml) and peak levels at day 11-14 following initiation of therapy (mean: 1,190 pg/mL; max: 5,783 pg/mL)(Fig 1A). Cell lines with FLT3 activating mutations selectively demonstrate resistance to etoposide-induced apoptosis (Fig 1B) and G2/M cell cycle arrest (Fig 1C) at low concentrations of FL (62.5 pg/mL). Dose-dependent reduction of etoposide resistance is seen with increasing concentrations of FL up to 4,000 pg/mL, suggesting that optimal etoposide-induced killing of FLT3-mutant leukemias may occur when FL plasma levels are at their peak. Ba/F3-ITD cells pre-incubated with peak concentrations of FL showed diminished baseline FLT3 phosphorylation, suggesting that the interaction of FL and FLT3/ITD exhibits substrate inhibition kinetics and results in a loss of FLT3/ITD-induced activation with high level FL exposure, thus providing a mechanistic basis for the observed loss of etoposide resistance. [Display omitted] ConclusionsPlasma FL rises to peak levels 11-14 days after initiation of chemotherapy. Through substrate inhibition of mutant FLT3 enzymatic activity, peak FL levels may reduce the etoposide resistance that characterizes FLT3-mutant leukemia cells exposed to pre-chemotherapy levels of FL. Thus, introduction of etoposide in a “time sequential” manner during periods of peak plasma FL levels may enhance killing of residual chemoresistant FLT3-mutant leukemia cells. Disclosures:No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Expressions of helper T cells and regulatory T cells in peripheral blood of children with dust mite allergic asthma and their clinical significance

Objective To analyze the expressions of helper T cells (Th) and regulatory T cells (Treg) in peripheral blood of children with dust mite allergic asthma and their clinical significance. Methods Thirty asthmatic children with dust mite positive were included in the study as asthmatic group. Thirty healthy subjects, age and sex matched, were included as healthy control group. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated by density-gradient centrifugation over Ficoll-Hypaque cushions. The expressions of interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-4(IL-4) and Foxp3 in CD4+ T cells with or without dust mite stimulation were assessed by intracellular staining and flow cyto-metry (FCM). The anti-inducible costimulatory molecule (ICOS), anti-CD28 or anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4(CTLA-4) antibodies were added to PBMC and co-cultured for 3 days after dust mite stimulation. The expressions of Th1 (CD4+IFN-γ+T cells), Th2 (CD4+IL-4+T cells) and Treg(CD4+CD25+Foxp3+T cells) were analyzed. The data were analyzed by using statistical software. Results Compared with the healthy control group, in dust mite positive asthma group, the percentage of Th1 cells was remarkably increased (P 0.05). Compared with non-stimulated PBMC of asthma group, the percentages of Th1 and Treg had no significant variation (all P>0.05), while that of Th2 cells was notably increased (P 0.05), while expressions of Th2 cells were significantly decreased (all P 0.05). Conclusions There is a constructive, allergen independent Th1 activation and Treg deficiency as well as allergen inductivity, ICOS- and CD28-dependent Th2 activation in the peripheral blood of children with dust mite allergic asthma. Key words: Dust mite; Allergic asthma; Helper T cell; Regulatory T cell

Flow cytometric analysis of the CD4+ TCR Vβ repertoire in the peripheral blood of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus, systemic lupus erythematosus and age-matched healthy controls

BackgroundData regarding the quantitative expression of TCR Vβ subpopulations in children with autoimmune diseases provided interesting and sometimes conflicting results. The aim of the present study was to assess by comparative flow cytometric analysis the peripheral blood CD4+ TCR Vβ repertoire of children with an organ-specific autoimmune disorder, such as type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), in comparison to children with a systemic autoimmune disease, such as Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) in comparison to healthy age-matched controls of the same ethnic origin. The CD4+ TCR Vβ repertoire was analysed by flow cytometry in three groups of participants: a) fifteen newly diagnosed children with T1DM (mean age: 9.2 ± 4.78 years old), b) nine newly diagnosed children with SLE, positive for ANA and anti-dsDNA, prior to treatment (mean age: 12.8 ±1.76 years old) and c) 31 healthy age-matched controls (mean age: 6.58 ± 3.65 years old), all of Hellenic origin.ResultsCD4 + TCR Vβ abnormalities (± 3SD of controls) were observed mainly in SLE patients. Statistical analysis revealed that the CD4 + Vβ4 chain was significantly increased in patients with T1DM (p < 0.001), whereas CD4 + Vβ16 one was significantly increased in SLE patients (p < 0.001) compared to controls.ConclusionsCD4 + Vβ4 and CD4 + Vβ16 chains could be possibly involved in the cascade of events precipitating the pathogenesis of T1DM and SLE in children, respectively.

Expression levels of the innate response gene RIG-I and its regulators RNF125 and TRIM25 in HIV-1-infected adult and pediatric individuals

TLRs (Toll-like receptors) and RLRs (RIG-I-like receptors) mediate innate immune responses by detecting microorganism invasion. RIG-I activation results in the production of interferon (IFN) type 1 and IFN responsive genes (ISGs). As the ubiquitin ligases RNF125 and TRIM25 are involved in regulating RIG-I function, our aim was to assess whether the levels of these three genes vary between healthy and HIV-infected individuals and whether these levels are related to disease progression. Gene expression analyses for RIG-I, RNF125, and TRIM25 were performed for HIV-infected adults and the children's peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Reverse transcription-quantitative PCRs (RT-qPCRs) were performed in order to quantify the expression levels of RIG-I, RNF125 and TRIM25 from PBMCs purified from control or HIV-infected individuals. Controls express higher levels of the three genes when compared to HIV-infected patients. These expressions are clearly distinct between healthy and progressors, and are reproduced in adults and children. In controls, RNF125 is the highest expressed gene, whereas in progressors, RIG-I is either the highest expressed gene or is expressed similarly to RNF125 and TRIM25. A pattern of expression of RIG-I, RNF125, and TRIM25 genes in HIV patients is evident. The high expression of RNF125 in healthy individuals reflects the importance of keeping RIG-I function off, inhibiting unnecessary IFN production. Consistent with this assumption, RNF125 levels are lower in HIV patients and importantly, the RNF125/RIG-I ratio is lower in patients who progress to AIDS. Our results might help to predict disease progression and unveil the role of poorly characterized host genes during HIV infection.

Association between CD28 expression and juvenile idiopathic arthritis

Objective To investigate the clinical significance of CD28 expression on peripheral blood T lymphocytes in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).Methods Flow cytometry and tri-color direct immunofluorescence were used to examine CD3 + T lymphocyte subsets and CD28 expression in whole blood (using the no-wash method) from 36 children with JIA.Results During the active phase of disease,the frequency of CD28 + expression on both CD4 + and CD8 + T cells in the peripheral blood of children with JIA was significantly lower than in normal controls (P ＜ 0.01).The frequency of CD4 + CD28-T cells in the peripheral blood of children with JIA was significantly higher than in normal controls (P ＜ 0.01).CD4 + T cell counts in the peripheral blood of children with JIA,which were mostly of the CD4 + CD28-T cell subtype,were significantly higher than in normal controls (P ＜ 0.01),whereas the CD8 + T cell count was significantly reduced (P ＜0.01).During the resting phase,CD4 +/CD8 + T cell counts and CD28 expression in the peripheral blood of children with JIA were significantly different from normal controls (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The frequency of CD4 + CD28-T cells can be used as an indicator of the active phase of JIA.CD4 + T cell and CD4+ CD28-T cell apoptosis was inhibited in JIA patients.These immune-active T lymphocytes with continued survival can promote the occurrence and development of JIA. Key words: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis; CD28

Expression of Toll-like receptors on peripheral blood white cells in acute otitis media

ObjectiveFrom 10 to 15% of children suffer from recurrent acute otitis media (AOM). An association between polymorphism in TLRs and their co-receptor CD14 with otitis media proneness has been described in children. Moreover, the experiments on animal models have shown that TLRs and their signaling molecules are critical for timely resolution of bacterial otitis. AimThe aim of this study was to determine the expression of TLR1, TLR2 and TLR4 on lymphocytes, monocytes and granulocytes in peripheral blood in children with recurrent or persistent AOM. MethodsThe study was performed on a group of 25 children hospitalized for recurrent AOM, failures of previous treatments and/or acute mastoiditis. The results were compared to the control group of healthy children at the same age. The expression of TLRs on peripheral blood white cells was measured by flow cytometric analysis. The results were expressed as mean fluorescence intensity (MFI). The statistical analysis was performed using the Mann–Whitney U test. ResultsThe highest expression of TLR was found on monocytes, the lowest on lymphocytes in both groups of children (AOM and the control one). The expression of TLR1 was the lowest and expression of TLR4 was the highest on all examined cells. The expression of all examined TLRs on monocytes was significantly higher in the AOM group. ConclusionsPeripheral blood monocytes are characterized by increased expression of TLRs in the course of recurrent AOM.

Absence of circulating mast cell precursors in paediatric mastocytosis: could it reflect a different pathophysiology between adults and children with mastocytosis?

Mastocytosis is a heterogeneous disease whose different subtypes also vary in aggressivity. Children typically present with cutaneous mastocytosis. We identified, in our previous work, a peripheral CD34-c-Kit+mast cell precursor by flow cytometry in systemic forms but not in cutaneous forms of adult mastocytosis. We wanted to know if such a mast cell precursor exists among children with mastocytosis. We analysed 10 children with mastocytosis for c-Kit+CD34- mast cell precursors by flow cytometry. In contrast to adults with mastocytosis, we did not detect any circulating mast cell precursors by flow cytometry in the peripheral blood of children with mastocytosis. The clinical symptoms observed among children with cutaneous mastocytosis could be induced by cutaneous mast cell mediators and not by circulating mast cells. These results may help to better understand the differences between adult and childhood mastocytosis.

Changes of natural killer T cells levels in peripheral blood of children with asthma and clinical significance

Objective To study the changes of natural killer T cells (NKT cells) in peripheral blood and the ability of NKT cells to proliferate in response to alpha-galactosyl ceramide (α-Galcer) in children with asthma. Me-thods Fifty-two asthmatic children who were diagnosed by Pediatric Clinic of Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University Medical College from Feb.2009 to Mar.2012 were selected as asthmatic group (26 cases in intermittent group, 14 cases in mild persistent group and 12 cases in moderate persistent group). Twenty healthy children were selected as healthy control group.Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected by way of density gradient centrifugation method from blood samples.The ratio of peripheral blood NKT and CD4+ NKT cells were assessed by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry assays.The relationships between the NKT cells number, CD4+ NKT cells and atopic indexes such as the total IgE, eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) and the severity of asthma were investigated.The levels of IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10 in peripheral blood were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay after proli-ferate in response to α-Galcer.The data were analyzed by using statistics software. Results Compared with healthy control group, the ratio of peripheral blood NKT and CD4+ NKT cells in asthmatic patients were significantly decreased (all P 0.05). There was no significant correlation between the NKT cells, CD4+ NKT cells and atopic indexes such as the total IgE and ECP(all P>0.05). The level of IL-4 in serum secreted by NKT cells in asthmatic group was significantly higher than that of healthy control group (P 0.05). Conclusion The pathogenesis of asthma may be related to the ratio and dysfunction of NKT cells and CD4+ NKT cells. Key words: Asthma; Nature killer T cell; Child

Balance of regulation of Th17/Treg in children with Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis using Huaiqihuang

Objective To observe the levels of Th17 and associated cytokine IL-17 and Treg in peripheral blood in children with Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis(HSPN), and to explore the balance of regulation of Th17/Treg and the function of improvement of clinical symptoms in children with HSPN by using Huaiqihuang. Methods The objects were divided into 3 groups: healthy control group(n=11), Henoch-Schonlein purpura(HSP) group(n=10) and HSPN group(n=30). Healthy children were measured for the level of IL-17 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) and the circulating frequencies of Th17 and CD4+ CD25+ Treg cells by flow cytometry(FCM). HSP group and HSPN group were measured for the levels of IL-17, Th17 cells and Treg cells when illness had acute attack and had not used any drugs.Furthermore, HSPN group was measured for 24-hour urine proteins and urinary sediment red blood cells(RBCs). Patients in HSPN group with the pathological grading Ⅱ were divided into conventional therapy group(n=10) and Huaiqihuang group(n=10) randomly.Patients in HSPN group with the pathological grading Ⅲa were divided into Prednisone group(n=5) and Prednisone+ Huaiqihuang group(n=5) randomly.Conventional therapy group was treated with oral Fosinopril and Dipyridamole.Huaiqihuang group was treated with conventional therapy and oral Huaiqihuang particles.Prednisone group was treated with conventional therapy and oral Prednisone.Prednisone+ Huaiqihuang group was treated with conventional therapy, Prednisone and Huaiqihuang particles.After 2 months of treatments, the levels of IL-17, Th17 cells, Treg cells, 24-hour urine proteins and urinary sediment RBCs were mea-sured. Results The circulating frequencies of Th17 cells and IL-17 in HSP group and HSPN group were higher than those in healthy control group(all P 0.05). Th17 cells, IL-17 levels and urinary sediment RBCs in conventional therapy group after treatment were lower than before, while Treg cells were higher than before, but there was no significant difference(all P>0.05). Twenty-four hour urine proteins were lower after treatment than before(P 0.05). Conclusions Th17 cells and associated cytokine IL-17 levels increase in peripheral blood of children with HSPN, while Treg cells decrease in HSPN.Huaiqihuang can decrease Th17 cells and IL-17 level, and increase Treg cells.Furthermore, it can decrease hematuria and proteinuria. Key words: Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis; Th17; Treg; Huaiqihuang

Inhaled corticosteroid use is associated with increased circulating T regulatory cells in children with asthma

BackgroundT regulatory (Treg) cells are important in balancing immune responses and dysregulation of Treg cells has been implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple disease states including asthma. In this study, our primary aim was to determine Treg cell frequency in the peripheral blood of children with and without asthma. The secondary aim was to explore the association between Treg cell frequency with allergen sensitization, disease severity and medication use.MethodsPeripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy control subjects (N = 93) and asthmatic children of varying disease severity (N = 66) were characterized by multi-parameter flow cytometry.ResultsOur findings demonstrate that children with asthma had a significantly increased frequency of Treg cells compared to children without asthma. Using a multivariate model, increased Treg cell frequency in children with asthma was most directly associated with inhaled corticosteroid use, and not asthma severity, allergic sensitization, or atopic status of the asthma.ConclusionWe conclude that low dose, local airway administration of corticosteroids is sufficient to impact the frequency of Treg cells in the peripheral blood. These data highlight the importance of considering medication exposure when studying Treg cells and suggest inhaled corticosteroid use in asthmatics may improve disease control through increased Treg cell frequency.

Relationship between Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and blood levels of Epstein-Barr Virus in children in north-western Tanzania: a case control study

BackgroundNon-Hodgkin’s Lymphomas (NHL) are common in African children, with endemic Burkitt’s lymphoma (BL) being the most common subtype. While the role of Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) in endemic BL is known, no data are available about clinical presentations of NHL subtypes and their relationship to Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection and Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) load in peripheral blood of children in north-western, Tanzania.MethodsA matched case control study of NHL subtypes was performed in children under 15 years of age and their respective controls admitted to Bugando Medical Centre, Sengerema and Shirati district designated hospitals in north-western, Tanzania, between September 2010 and April 2011. Peripheral blood samples were collected on Whatman 903 filter papers and EBV DNA levels were estimated by multiplex real-time PCR. Clinical and laboratory data were collected using a structured data collection tool and analysed using chi-square, Fisher and Wilcoxon rank sum tests where appropriate. The association between NHL and detection of EBV in peripheral blood was assessed using conditional logistic regression model and presented as odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).ResultsA total of 35 NHL cases and 70 controls matched for age and sex were enrolled. Of NHLs, 32 had BL with equal distribution between jaw and abdominal tumour, 2 had large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and 1 had NHL-not otherwise specified (NHL-NOS). Central nervous system (CNS) presentation occurred only in 1 BL patient; 19 NHLs had stage I and II of disease. Only 1 NHL was found to be HIV-seropositive. Twenty-one of 35 (60%) NHL and 21 of 70 (30%) controls had detectable EBV in peripheral blood (OR = 4.77, 95% CI 1.71 – 13.33, p = 0.003). In addition, levels of EBV in blood were significantly higher in NHL cases than in controls (p = 0.024).ConclusionsBL is the most common childhood NHL subtype in north-western Tanzania. NHLs are not associated with HIV infection, but are strongly associated with EBV load in peripheral blood. The findings suggest that high levels of EBV in blood might have diagnostic and prognostic relevance in African children.

Regulatory T cells and Th1/Th2 in peripheral blood and their roles in asthmatic children.

To determine the changes in CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (Treg) and the Th1/Th2 ratio in peripheral blood of children with asthma, in order to investigate its association with asthma. A total of 150 children with asthma were allocated into the acute phase group (n=94) and remission phase group (n=56) based on clinical manifestations. The acute phase group was subdivided into the mild group (n=54) and severe group (n=40). Flow cytometry was applied to determine CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) Treg, CD4(+)IFN-γ(+) Th1 and CD4(+)IL-4(+) Th2 levels in peripheral blood of different groups, and the results were compared with normal children (control group, n=50). The Treg level was significantly lower in the asthma group than the control group (P<0.01): the Treg level was significantly lower in the acute phase group than the remission phase group and control group (P<0.01) and also significantly lower in the severe group than the mild group (P<0.01). The Th1/Th2 ratio was significantly lower in the asthma group than the control group (P<0.01) and also significantly lower in the acute phase group than the remission phase group and control group (P<0.01). The Treg level in peripheral blood of asthmatic children was negatively correlated with the severity of asthma (r=-0.737, P<0.01) and the Th1/Th2 ratio was also negatively correlated with the severity of asthma (r=-0.615, P<0.01), but the Treg level was positively correlated with the Th1/Th2 ratio (r=0.856, P<0.01). The significantly decreased level of Treg in peripheral blood and Th subset imbalance in asthmatic children suggest the important roles of Treg and Th immunity in pathogenesis of asthma. The Treg level and Th1/Th2 ratio in peripheral blood can be used to evaluate the severity asthma.

EVIDENCE OF A TRANSIENT NATURE OF THE TH17 PHENOTYPE OF CD4+CD161+ T CELLS IN THE SYNOVIAL FLUID FROM PATIENTS WITH JUVENILE IDIOPATHIC ARTHRITIS.

Event Abstract Back to Event EVIDENCE OF A TRANSIENT NATURE OF THE TH17 PHENOTYPE OF CD4+CD161+ T CELLS IN THE SYNOVIAL FLUID FROM PATIENTS WITH JUVENILE IDIOPATHIC ARTHRITIS. Laura Maggi1*, Lorenzo Cosmi1, Veronica Santarlasci1, Manuela Capone1, Valentina Querci1, Francesco Liotta1, Raffaele De Palma2, Rolando Cimaz3, Enrico Maggi1, Sergio Romagnani1 and Francesco Annunziato1 1 University of Florence, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Italy 2 Second University of Naples, Italy 3 Anna Meyer Children’s Hospital and University of Florence, Rheumatology unit, Italy OBJECTIVE: To investigate the phenotype and function of CD4+ T cells in synovial fluid (SF) from the affected joints of children with oligoarticular-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and to establish a possible link with disease activity. METHODS: CD4+ T cells were obtained from the peripheral blood (PB) and SF of 23 children with oligoarticular-onset JIA, as well as from the PB of 15 healthy children and were analyzed for CXCR3, CCR6, CD161 expression and for IFN(interferon)- gamma and interleukin-17A (IL-17A) production. RESULTS: The numbers of CD4+CD161+ cells, showing either the type 1 T helper (Th1) or Th17/Th1 phenotype, were higher in SF than in PB of children with JIA. The few Th17 cells from SF of JIA underwent a spontaneous shift to the Th1 phenotype in vitro, whereas Th17 cells from PB of healthy children shifted only in presence of JIA SF; this effect was neutralized by antibody blocked of IL-12 activity. The frequencies of CD4+CD161+ cells, particularly the Th17/Th1 cells, in the JIA SF positively correlated with levels of erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that a shifting of CD4+CD161+ T cells from Th17 to the Th17/Th1 or Th1 phenotype can occur in the SF of oligoarticular-onset JIA, and indicate that the accumulation of these cells is correlated with parameters of inflammation. Thus, the results support the hypothesis that these cells may play a role in JIA disease activity. Keywords: Th17, Th1 Cells, CD161, JIA, RORC Conference: 15th International Congress of Immunology (ICI), Milan, Italy, 22 Aug - 27 Aug, 2013. Presentation Type: Abstract Topic: Adaptive Immunity Citation: Maggi L, Cosmi L, Santarlasci V, Capone M, Querci V, Liotta F, De Palma R, Cimaz R, Maggi E, Romagnani S and Annunziato F (2013). EVIDENCE OF A TRANSIENT NATURE OF THE TH17 PHENOTYPE OF CD4+CD161+ T CELLS IN THE SYNOVIAL FLUID FROM PATIENTS WITH JUVENILE IDIOPATHIC ARTHRITIS.. Front. Immunol. Conference Abstract: 15th International Congress of Immunology (ICI). doi: 10.3389/conf.fimmu.2013.02.00958 Copyright: The abstracts in this collection have not been subject to any Frontiers peer review or checks, and are not endorsed by Frontiers. They are made available through the Frontiers publishing platform as a service to conference organizers and presenters. The copyright in the individual abstracts is owned by the author of each abstract or his/her employer unless otherwise stated. Each abstract, as well as the collection of abstracts, are published under a Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 (attribution) licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) and may thus be reproduced, translated, adapted and be the subject of derivative works provided the authors and Frontiers are attributed. For Frontiers’ terms and conditions please see https://www.frontiersin.org/legal/terms-and-conditions. Received: 27 Jun 2013; Published Online: 22 Aug 2013. * Correspondence: Dr. Laura Maggi, University of Florence, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Florence, 50134, Italy, laura.maggi@unifi.it Login Required This action requires you to be registered with Frontiers and logged in. To register or login click here. Abstract Info Abstract The Authors in Frontiers Laura Maggi Lorenzo Cosmi Veronica Santarlasci Manuela Capone Valentina Querci Francesco Liotta Raffaele De Palma Rolando Cimaz Enrico Maggi Sergio Romagnani Francesco Annunziato Google Laura Maggi Lorenzo Cosmi Veronica Santarlasci Manuela Capone Valentina Querci Francesco Liotta Raffaele De Palma Rolando Cimaz Enrico Maggi Sergio Romagnani Francesco Annunziato Google Scholar Laura Maggi Lorenzo Cosmi Veronica Santarlasci Manuela Capone Valentina Querci Francesco Liotta Raffaele De Palma Rolando Cimaz Enrico Maggi Sergio Romagnani Francesco Annunziato PubMed Laura Maggi Lorenzo Cosmi Veronica Santarlasci Manuela Capone Valentina Querci Francesco Liotta Raffaele De Palma Rolando Cimaz Enrico Maggi Sergio Romagnani Francesco Annunziato Related Article in Frontiers Google Scholar PubMed Abstract Close Back to top Javascript is disabled. Please enable Javascript in your browser settings in order to see all the content on this page.

Experimental cardiovascular and lung research Mobilization of stem cells into the peripheral blood in children with congenital heart disease

ENWEndNote BIBJabRef, Mendeley RISPapers, Reference Manager, RefWorks, Zotero AMA Borówka M, Stycuła W, Kamycka E, et al. Experimental cardiovascular and lung researchMobilization of stem cells into the peripheral blood in children with congenital heart disease. Kardiochirurgia i Torakochirurgia Polska/Polish Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 2013;10(4):403-409. doi:10.5114/kitp.2013.39744. APA Borówka, M., Stycuła, W., Kamycka, E., Madeja, Z., Zuba-Surma, E., & Skalski, J. et al. (2013). Experimental cardiovascular and lung researchMobilization of stem cells into the peripheral blood in children with congenital heart disease. Kardiochirurgia i Torakochirurgia Polska/Polish Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 10(4), 403-409. https://doi.org/10.5114/kitp.2013.39744 Chicago Borówka, Magdalena, Wojciech Stycuła, Elżbieta Kamycka, Zbigniew Madeja, Ewa Zuba-Surma, Janusz Skalski, and Jacek Kołcz. 2013. "Experimental cardiovascular and lung researchMobilization of stem cells into the peripheral blood in children with congenital heart disease". Kardiochirurgia i Torakochirurgia Polska/Polish Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 10 (4): 403-409. doi:10.5114/kitp.2013.39744. Harvard Borówka, M., Stycuła, W., Kamycka, E., Madeja, Z., Zuba-Surma, E., Skalski, J., and Kołcz, J. (2013). Experimental cardiovascular and lung researchMobilization of stem cells into the peripheral blood in children with congenital heart disease. Kardiochirurgia i Torakochirurgia Polska/Polish Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 10(4), pp.403-409. https://doi.org/10.5114/kitp.2013.39744 MLA Borówka, Magdalena et al. "Experimental cardiovascular and lung researchMobilization of stem cells into the peripheral blood in children with congenital heart disease." Kardiochirurgia i Torakochirurgia Polska/Polish Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, vol. 10, no. 4, 2013, pp. 403-409. doi:10.5114/kitp.2013.39744. Vancouver Borówka M, Stycuła W, Kamycka E, Madeja Z, Zuba-Surma E, Skalski J et al. Experimental cardiovascular and lung researchMobilization of stem cells into the peripheral blood in children with congenital heart disease. Kardiochirurgia i Torakochirurgia Polska/Polish Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 2013;10(4):403-409. doi:10.5114/kitp.2013.39744.

The serum IL-6 profile and Treg/Th17 peripheral cell populations in patients with type 1 diabetes.

IL-6 is a pleiotropic cytokine involved in the regulation of the immune response, inflammation, and hematopoeisis. Its elevated levels are found in a range of autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases. IL-6 is also involved in regulation of the balance between two T cell subsets: Tregs and Th17, which have contradictory functions in the control of inflammation. The present study provides a quantitative analysis regarding the Th17/Treg cell balance in peripheral blood of children with type 1 diabetes and its association with serum IL-6 level.

Relationships between a Thiol-Disulfide System and Liposoluble Antioxidants with Cytogenetic Indices in Humans Exposed to Low Doses Radiation

This work presents the results of biochemical examination of people exposed to irradiation as a result of the Chernobyl catastrophe. In remote period ( in 4, 5, 6 and 7 years) after Chernobyl accident we studied the state of the redox system of glutathione(GSH, GSSG) and the response of the system of essential lipid antioxidants (vitamin E, A) in blood plasma of people of various ages. An analysis of correlations between cytogenetic indices in lymphocytes and levels of reduced glutathione and liposoluble antioxidants in the plasma of peripheral blood in children born after the Chernobyl accident and liquidators is presented. The cumulative doses for the examined group of children received by their mothers from 0.8 to 70 cSv and liquidators received, on average, the highest irradiation doses from 0.1 to 150 cSv. A complex relationship between lipo-and water-soluble antioxidants level in plasma in human population (children living in radionuclide-contaminated regions and the Chernobyl liquidators) exposed to chronic low-level radiation after the Chernobyl accident was demonstrated. The obtained experimental data indicate different responses of the human population water-and fat-soluble antioxidants system to low (from 0.1 to 20 cSv) and high (from 20 to 150 cSv) doses of ionizing radiation.