Renewal Period Research Articles

The Fatimids and the Central Mediterranean (10th and 12th centuries)

The articles gathered here are the fruit of a ten-year study. Researchers who participated to varying degrees and in various settings in these surveys and debates focused on several issues. Among those, at least three were recurrent : the first was to better integrate the Islamic West with research on the beginnings of Islam, then undergoing a period of renewal ; The second was to take into consideration a relatively long chronology in order to highlight the stages of the construction of a ne...

Vertical mixing and internal wave energy fluxes in a sill fjord

We consider the distribution and level of local vertical mixing inside of the Drøbak Sill in the Oslofjord, Norway. The work is motivated by observations of long periods (∼years) of hypoxic or even anoxic conditions in the innermost basin, episodes attributed to weak vertical mixing. In line with earlier work on the subject we assume that the local vertical mixing level inside of the sill is predominantly determined by the loss of energy of propagating, tidally-induced internal waves whose source is the sill region. To investigate possible differences in vertical mixing we estimate the eddy diffusivity in the various basins based on model simulations and observations using three methods whereby the eddy diffusion coefficient is estimated. The model we use is an ultra high-resolution version of the three-dimensional, hydrostatic ocean model ROMS forced solely by barotropic tide well outside of the sill. To evaluate the sensitivity of the model results we perform sensitivity experiments in which the mesh size and various parameters and parameterizations are varied. We find indeed that the internal waves lose most of their energy before they reach the innermost basin, and hence set the scene for long periods of no deep water renewal. The sensitivity experiments reveal that it is important that the model's mesh size is small enough to resolve the dominant wavelengths of the topography. Moreover, we find that the strength of the turbulence production and hence the mixing depends on the initially chosen stratification. The method we use is generic and may be applied to any sill fjord.

Mathematical-statistical model for predicting the tendency of the mechanical integrity of a buried pipeline

This paper is intended to use a process model stochastic renewal to analyze the disintegration of the pipeline due to the time of use and service conditions, classifying the pipeline into segments according to the conditions to which it is exposed (temperatures, pressures, speed flow, environmental conditions, etc.). The model will determine the material wear over time, periods of renewal of the material and life chances at any time.

TRANSPORT SUPPORT FOR THE FAR EAST POPULATION OF RUSSIA IN THE 1990s – 2000 s

The article analyzes the changes in the transport system of the Far East and their influence on social processes in the period of economic instability and renewal of centralized regional policy with regard to the strategic territories of Russia, investigates the crisis of transport communications and technologies of the Far East after the collapse of the USSR and the attempts of their recovery from the second half of the 1990s. The article also outlines the government's activities aimed at strengthening the transport capacity of the Far East in the early 21st century, estimates the Federal target programs of developing transport, describes the conditions for building communication systems and developing transport communications, states the problems in their implementation. The author analyzes the changes in infrastructural units of the Far East areas, their opportunities and prospects to provide full-fledged transport for the population of the region, identifies the qualitative imbalances of transport communications in the Russian Far East, which were quite inferior to the all-Russia indicators and had historical roots of origin. The article also highlights basically one-sided mainstream character of the development of transport communications, oriented to the needs of the extractive industries paying less attention to the improvement of local communication and identifies the basic contradictions of the new organizational model of the resource-financial support to the social transport communications, which was accompanied by old negative phenomena.

Ksiądz Eugeniusz Gruberski (1870–1923) – reformator muzyki kościelnej w diecezji płockiej

Ksiądz Eugeniusz Gruberski jest jednym z najbardziej znanych i cenionych reformatorów z okresu cecyliańskiego ruchu odnowy muzyki kościelnej w diecezji płockiej. Czasy, w których żył, wymagały fundamentalnej reform liturgii i muzyki kościelnej. Liczne nadużycia w tej dziedzinie zniekształcały celebracje liturgiczne i doprowadzały do ich sekularyzowania. Niniejsze opracowanie jest przeglądem rozlicznych działań człowieka, który po otrzymaniu doskonałej edukacji i zdobyciu doświadczenia w Ratyzbonie podjął natychmiastowe i różnorodne aktywności mające na celu odrodzenie muzyki sakralnej w duchu idei cecyliańskich. Zaproponował wiele praktycznych rozwiązań, jego zdaniem esencjalnych dla odnowienia muzyki koscielnej w diecezji płockiej i poza nią. Wzywał między innymi do kształcenia zawodowego organistów, założył szkołę organistowską i chór katedralny, popularyzował chorał gregoriański i dobre wykonawstwo muzyki sakralnej. Mimo tymczasowych niepowodzeń Gruberski zdołał wdrożyć wiele z tych zaleceń. Niewątpliwie może być on uważany za jednego z klasycznych przedstawicieli ruchu cecyliańskiego w Polsce.

Special issue: Legal education and curriculum renewal

<p class="p1"> </p> <p class="JLDBodyText2">Welcome to this special edition of the <em>Journal of Learning Design</em> which focuses on legal education and curriculum renewal in law. At the outset ,we would like to thank the editors of the Journal, Margaret Lloyd and Nan Bahr for agreeing to host this special edition. The special edition is timely as legal education in Australia is enjoying a lively period of renewal.</p><p class="p1"> </p>

Cultural Renewal or Exhaustion? On the ‘Postmodernism’ of Damon Galgut's The Quarry

This article examines the relentless dysphoria which dominates Damon Galgut's 1995 novel, The Quarry. It does so in order to trouble the hegemonic, teleological metanarrative of South African literature, which claims that the ‘end’ of apartheid in 1994 initiated a period of intense and optimistic creative renewal. It reads the forms of postmodern experimentation evident in the novel not as a symptom of a burgeoning ‘new’ literature in post-apartheid South Africa, but as an expression of antagonism against the country's deeply troubled past and the restrictions it imposed on the writer's agency. The novel suggests that the socio-political imperatives of anti-apartheid literature, and the codes of realism which it generally favoured, had stymied cultural production to the extent of producing a creative dead-end, out of which ‘new’ postmodern representational strategies did not necessarily provide a way. It thus rejects a historicist sense of conclusion and suggests that the burdens of the past will continue to haunt cultural production in South Africa indefinitely.

Renew or Cancel? Applying a Model for Objective Journal Evaluation

For the University of Ottawa, the journal renewal period is September–October and arrives at a time when subject librarians are busy teaching and meeting with new students and faculty, leaving little time for anything else, especially making difficult decisions such as cancelling journals with an ever-rising price tag. Library staff developed a cascading model for evaluating journal subscriptions. It is based on several variables, such as accessibility, value, price, and usage. Paraprofessionals can populate the model with data, reducing the librarians’ work considerably. The model was tested for print and ejournals, for small journals packages and large renewal lists.

Development of Hand Therapy as a specialty

Development of Hand Therapy as a specialty

Analysis of a hybrid warranty policy for discrete-time operating products

This article considers a warranty policy consisting of a renewable free-replacement period and a rebate period for products operating in discrete time. Under such a Hybrid Warranty Policy (HWP), if a product fails during the first N periods (from period 1 to period N), it is replaced with either a new or a repaired unit for free (or at the manufacturer's expense) and the policy is renewed; if it fails in the next W − N periods (from period N + 1 to period W), then the manufacturer refunds a pre-specified proportion of the sales price to the buyer. A pure rebate warranty policy and a pure renewable replacement policy can be considered as special cases of the HWP. With the HWP, customer service and warranty cost can be traded off. The conditions under which the HWP is more cost-effective are derived from the perspective of the manufacturer or seller. Some structural properties of the HWP are examined. Furthermore, how to choose between using new and repaired products to replace failed products is discussed. A numerical example is presented to demonstrate the computation of the optimal N*, the decision variable of the HWP, and a sensitivity analysis is performed to gain some managerial insights for practitioners.

Античные образы в современной станковой скульптуре России: проблема интерпретации

Nowadays Russian easel sculpture experiences the period of recovery and renewal of means of expression. It is important that this process demonstrates modern comprehension of the tradition and attention to cultural heritage. The problem of the reasons why sculptors turned their attention to classical antiquity also seems to be quite significant. On the one hand, this problem touches upon the fundamentals of sculpture, one of fine arts, whose existence is impossible beyond the context of Graeco-Roman antiquity. It is especially important to take into the account the experience of postmodernism with its allusive sense and penchant for direct quotation. European artistic tradition of Modern Times is rich in examples of applying antiquity as the basis for stylization. It is necessary to measure the entire gamut and extent of the artists’ appeal to the legacy of classical antiquity. Interpretation may swing around the themes, graphic associations, opposition, game, myth, illustration, etc. The considered examples touch upon creative practice of the leading contemporary sculptors — Alexander Rukavishnikov, Sergei Mil’chenko, Leonid Baranov, Andrei Balashov, et al. It seems important to understand their works’ genre peculiarity and to correspond it with that of the ancient masters’ works.

James Haldane’s Open-Air Preaching, 1797–1805

James Haldane and his older brother Robert are important figures in Scottish Baptist Church history. Many of the Baptist Churches they are credited as founding emerged out of a period of evangelical renewal at the end of the eighteenth and beginning of the nineteenth century. Significant to this renewal was James Haldane’s open-air preaching. This preaching attracted crowds with transformative spiritual success. It gathered supporters who joined together with the Haldane brothers in missionary activity. On the other hand, however, the missionaries were opposed and condemned not least by the Established Church of Scotland. This led to the formation of Independent evangelical congregations. The impact of Haldane’s open-air preaching can be explained in part by the irregular and novel nature of the practice which created and at times courted controversy. It was also due, however, to the particular persona and skills that James Haldane brought to the activity.

Politicizing the International Criminal Court: Redefining the Role of the United Nations Security Council in the Age of Accountability

The UN Security Council plays a prominent role in the functioning of the International Criminal Court (ICC). Although the ICC is a judicial institution distinct from the UN system, the Security Council, through provisions in the ICC’s governing treaty (the Rome Statute), can refer situations to the ICC Prosecutor for investigations or prosecutions. This power, contained in Article 13(b) of the Statute, enables the Council to transcend the nationality and territoriality pre-conditions necessary to trigger the Court’s jurisdiction. Through Article 16 the Security Council can prevent the initiation or continuation of investigations or prosecutions for a renewable period of 12 months following the adoption of a resolution under Chapter VII of the UN Charter. In exercising its referral and deferral powers, the Security Council must act under Chapter VII of the Charter, specifically Article 41, which provides that the Council may decide what measures not involving the use of force are to be employed to give effect to its decisions. Between June 2002 and April 2014, the Security Council expressly invoked its deferral powers on three occasions and referred two situations to the Prosecutor: Darfur (2005) and Libya (2011). In this paper I will consider the arguments that this relationship between the ICC and the Security Council has become politicized. I will review the drafting history of the Rome Statute to assess how this relationship was originally envisioned and whether the political undertones of such a relationship were apparent. I then will consider how the Council has applied its powers. Finally I will propose recommendations to redefine the relationship to improve the Court’s effectiveness, with particular emphasis on the Prosecutor’s discretionary powers under Article 53 of the Rome Statute. Ideally a relationship between the ICC and the UN Security Council would serve multiple interests. In drafting the Rome Statute, the International Law Commission (ILC) considered that since the UN Charter confers upon the Council primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security, referral powers would provide the Council with a standby permanent tribunal through which it could adopt international criminal justice as a means

Red Dawn – the final episode of the Cold war

In the period of renewal of the Cold war, after 1980, movies which abandon the idea of the dentate appear, and they represent the response to Soviet expansion taking place under the auspices of diminished military confrontation. Of course, the Hollywood reaction to the real expansion of communism was not at adequate response, but it is a part of the wider restructuring of American politics regarding the Soviet Union, which was evidenced by strengthening defenses through the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), forcible intervention in Grenada, helping anti-communist movements around the world etc. In opposition to part of the US political scene which shut down attempts to stop the spread of communism across the world, action through popular culture, especially film, created a new climate in which multifaceted pressures on the socialist block were prepared. The movie Red Dawn can be considered part of the reaction of US politics on the particularistic view of the dentate as a shield for military and political spread of the USSR in Africa and other parts of the world. This pressure played on the inherent weaknesses of Soviet society in the 1980’s, a society which, after a brief period of failed transformation fell apart at the start of the final decade of the 20th century.

The Relationship Between the ICC and the UN Security Council

THE POWER OF THE UNITED NATIONS SECURITY COUNCIL TO REFER COUNTRY situations to the International Criminal Court (ICC) has been hailed, particularly among international human rights activists, as a chance to expand the reach of international criminal justice by offering the opportunity to hold accountable perpetrators of atrocities who might otherwise be exempt from prosecution and punishment. The historic referral of the situation in Darfur in March 2003 was widely welcomed as an important step in the fight against impunity as was the Security Council's later, and more controversial, referral of Libya in February 2011. In principle the expansion of the reach of accountability is something to be welcomed, but it is important to recognize the costs of this expansion as well as the danger that they may outweigh the intended benefits. When the ICC was established in 1998, it was heralded as a significant step forward for international justice, a permanent court that would aid in the fight against impunity for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and eventually aggression, and that would expand the reach of international justice beyond the hybrid and ad hoc mechanisms that had been established in the preceding years. To date, 122 states have become parties to the Rome Statute, accepting the ICC's jurisdiction over humanity's worst crimes, albeit in a form that is complementary or secondary to the jurisdiction of national courts. The Rome Statute includes a number of provisions that are particularly celebrated in the human rights community, not least Article 13(b) that grants the Security Council the power to refer country situations to the court, thereby placing even nonsignatory states under the court's jurisdiction in cases where the Council, acting under Chapter VII of the UN Charter, finds a threat to international peace and security. This, in a sense, simply confirms the powers previously exercised by the Council when it created the ad hoc tribunals for the former Yugoslavia and for Rwanda, among others. But referrals to the ICC engage a whole new set of issues. Along with the referral power, the Security Council was also granted powers to defer an ICC investigation or prosecution for a renewable period of twelve months under Article 16. Unsurprisingly, this provision has been far more contentious among those seeking to advance the legal protection of human rights, and international criminal justice as a whole, with many viewing it as providing an unwelcome opportunity for political interference in a judicial body as well as reducing the scope for accountability. So far, the Security Council has referred only two cases to the ICC--those of Darfur in 2005 and Libya in 2011--and has not yet exercised its Article 16 deferral powers to stay an active investigation or prosecution. In the cases of both Sudan and Libya, the Council's decision to act in the face of evidence of significant and widespread human rights violations was, particularly in the West, largely applauded by those who have actively supported the development of human rights and international criminal tribunals. Both cases demonstrate the primary benefit of Council referrals, which is that they expand the reach of accountability to cases where the ICC would normally not have access--cases where the suspects are either not nationals of a country that has ratified the Rome Statute, or where the crimes under scrutiny were not committed on the territory of a ratifying party. Yet for all the good that Security Council referrals do in expanding accountability and combating impunity, there is a danger they could, and already do, undermine the wider aims of international criminal justice. Such referrals not only could erode the legal principles at the heart of this project, not least the fundamental tenets of the rule of law, but also on a more practical level could provoke a backlash against the ICC over the perceived use of international justice as a bargaining chip or tool to gain political powers. …

Towards the fifth Kondratiev upswing: elements of an emerging new growth phase and possible development trajectories

This paper takes a long–term view on economic growth from an essentially Schumpeteriam perspective. The authors consider that since the early 1970s we have been witnessing a volatile and turbulent transition towards a new phase of socio–economic development, in which the diffusion of a host of interrelated new technologies, institutions and forms of organization could lead to a renewed period of economic growth and prosperity. They argue that the beginning of such a diffusion phase, in which the ultimate characteristics of the future development trajectory are being shaped, could constitute an opportunity window for reducing the disparities between countries as a result of their different degrees of economic development. They consider in addition that the successful catching–up will depend more on an effective introduction and diffusion of the elements of the emerging new development regime than on a growth model along the trajectories and intensity level of the previous model of development.

The Security Council and the International Criminal Court: The Unsolved Puzzle of Article 16

Article 16 is one of the most contested provisions of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. It authorizes the Security Council to suspend the Court’s investigations and prosecutions for a renewable period of twelve months, but does not define the circumstances under which the Council should issue a deferral. In 2013, Kenya and the African Union requested the Council to postpone the trials of President Kenyatta and Vice-President Ruto, but without success. like with previous deferral requests, such as for President Al-Bashir, the international community turned out to have very different ideas about when Article 16 should be invoked. In light of the unsuccessful deferral requests by African states as well as the ongoing debate about the Court’s complicated relationship with the Council, this paper examines the legal and political threshold of Article 16. The first part of the paper provides an overview of the conditions and consequences of a valid deferral, and discusses the four references that the Council has made to Article 16. The second part deconstructs the existing disagreement within the international community on when the Council should use its deferral powers.

Awareness of the 2010 guidelines implemented by the New York State Education Department for respiratory therapists in their role as clinical preceptors.

In 1993, the New York State (NYS) legislature and governor signed into law the Respiratory Therapy Guide to Practice Education Law to guide and regulate the profession of respiratory care under the auspices of the New York State Education Department. New guidelines were implemented by the New York State Education Department for respiratory therapists (RTs) in 2010 to provide the opportunity for RTs to receive continuing education units (CEUs) when participating as clinical preceptors. This study was conducted in June 2012 to determine the extent to which the NYS RTs are aware of the new licensing guidelines and amendments. In June 2012, a web-based survey was e-mailed to 2,503 NYS members of the New York State Society for Respiratory Care, 14% of which (n= 360) completed the survey. The survey included 21 items to assess RTs' awareness of the licensing guidelines that were implemented in 2010, and these respondents were analyzed using basic descriptive statistics. The study showed that 50% of the respondents were not aware of eligibility to earn CEUs as a clinical preceptor in NYS. Twenty-eight percent responded correctly that licensed RTs were eligible to earn CEUs as a clinical preceptor in NYS. In addition, 67% of those who responded were unaware of how many CEUs could be earned for each renewal period for clinical precepting. Finally, 70% of the respondents indicated that they would be inclined to seek employment at a facility that has a clinical affiliation with a university or college respiratory care program. The findings indicate that more education is needed in NYS to make licensed RTs aware of the 2010 guidelines. Practitioners may require incentives to become actively involved in the clinical education of respiratory care students as their clinical preceptors.

Ungarisch vizsga, vizsgál: Versuch einer slawischen Etymologie

The article explains Hungarian vizsgal ‘to analyze, to examine’ (> Hungarian vizsga ‘inquiring; researching; analysis, study; discussion; experiment; examination’, derived in the period of Hungarian language renewal) as a derivative of an unattested *vizsga ‘testing, trial (of the quality of precious metals through fire)’ < Slavic *vyžega/*vyžьga/*vyžiga ‘burning; treatment with fire, etc.’ (~ Slavic *vy-žegti, iterative *vy-žigati ‘to burn [transitive]’ < Common Slavic *žegti ‘id.’). For the supposed Slavic etymon, cf. Russian výžega, výžiga ‘pure silver which remains after the burning of silver threads’; for the respective extra-linguistic context of ‘trial, examination’, cf. English test, German Feuerprobe.

Are technology gatekeepers renewing clusters? Understanding gatekeepers and their dynamics across cluster life cycles

The cluster literature assumes that technology gatekeepers (TGs) shape a district's learning process and its evolution. However, analysis of the resilience of TGs, and their role across different stages of the cluster life cycle (CLC), is absent. Instead, most of the evidence that has been produced is set at a particular stage of the CLC. This article seeks to use a qualitative case study to understand the dynamics of TGs, and their knowledge creation and diffusion capabilities in the CLC renewal period. This is a stage less studied in the literature. Further, the article explores TG resilience across different stages of the CLC. Our results show that not all TGs are resilient and necessary for cluster renewal. In addition, they are not sufficient for fostering disruptions: their manifest reluctance to destroy the status quo and their network centrality makes necessary the entrance of new firms with new knowledge. TGs are necessary because they facilitate a cluster's transition across stages thanks to their powerful control of the most vital aspect of clusters: networks.