Emergence Period Research Articles

Analisis Sistem Pembelajaran Daring Berbasis Gamification Collaboration untuk Mendukung Merdeka Belajar Menggunakan Octalysis Framework

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a major impact on many things. Education, which is one of the important aspects in supporting human life, also felt the impact of the pandemic. Based on Circular Letter Number 4 of 2020 concerning the Implementation of Education Policies during the emergency period of the spread of COVID-19, the government has a policy that face-to-face education is not allowed to be carried out. Therefore, the world of education began to implement distance learning or e-Learning. In addition to how to teach and learn, there are other things that need to be considered for the success of the process. Another thing is student learning motivation. Changes in the teaching and learning process also have an impact on student learning motivation. In this study, a questionnaire has been distributed to find out the core drive of student learning motivation. Based on a questionnaire that has been filled out by 167 respondents, the core drive that influences students' learning motivation is at a high level. This indicates that the level of student learning motivation during the COVID-19 pandemic is still high.

The Application of Technological Adaptation in the Targeted School of Teaching Campus

Technological adaptation is being pursued, especially in the educational world, which is currently in an emergency period, thus it forces learning adaptation. During this time, human' brains start to think the new ways to solve their problems or what helps their activities. From this process, technology emerges and is growing. Technology has many benefits and convenience in the world of education, but it still has not fully benefited yet in education. Furthermore, the government created the program the Kampus Mengajar to improve the quality of schools from many sides, one of them being technology. This research aimed to design the program of technological adaptation conducted in the targeted school for the Kampus Mengajar. The research design used classroom action research. The subjects involved students of grade 5 in the targeted school for Kampus Mengajar. The data of this research were collected by observation, interviews, and documentation. The data were analyzed by qualitative descriptive analysis. The results of this finding showed that the uses of video, online quizzes, zoom meeting, computer device, the application of the AKSI assessment, and AKM simulation are effective, though it was not maximally used for online learning. This research concludes that several programs require more in-depth preparation to be effective in online learning in the targeted schools of the Kampus Mengajar.

Official food safety audits in large scale retail trades in the time of COVID: system control experiences supported by an innovative approach.

This work describes a new methodology used in large scale retail trades in official food safety auditing processes developed during COVID19 emergency. The aim is to evaluate Food Business Operators' (FBOs) Food Safety Management System and its dynamic implementation and to understand the FBO's level of cultural maturity about food safety according to EU Regulation 2021/382. The innovation mainly consists of: a) a pre-audit phase when auditors analyse food business operator's (FBO) selfchecked plan and further documents to identify "markers" and useful evidences (that would be collected in on-site inspections) to evaluate the application of plan by FBO's workers; b) an audit phase consisted of both a check of the company procedures and documents performed by the auditors via web conference and of contextually onsite inspections in a sample of company's supermarkets performed by inspectors teams. The audit methodology here described may be useful, even though it is expensive in terms of time and energy used, for both Competent Authority (CA) and FBOs, regardless of the period of the COVID emergency. The so-structured official control allows the auditors to collect both documentary and on-site evidence at the same time, reaching a broader vision of auditees (not limited to single supermarkets) and a compliant with reality FBOs risk classification. The new approach may give advantages to both audit actors, CA as well as FBO, who may collect "markers" and evidence of the self-checked plan useful to improve FBO's food safety system on the basis of the critical aspects detected during auditing process.

Cultural Content of Independent Creative Spaces During the COVID-19 Pandemic

One of the economic sectors most affected by the global COVID-19 pandemic has been the cultural and creative industries, turning cultural workers into a financially vulnerable group. The purpose of this study was to identify some early forms of the resilience of cultural activity during the emergency period of the COVID-19 crisis. The engagement index of the users’ communities was evaluated through some metric indicators in social media, the transfer of cultural-creative activities in the online environment, and the content and impact of digital stories. A sample of 126 independent cultural spaces in Romania was assessed. To validate the content of the social media stories promoted by various independent cultural entities, interviews with the managers of several creative spaces were performed. During the emergency period, we noticed the intensification of the digital activity, with creative spaces switching their activities from on-site to online. The content of Facebook posts highlighted stories about their own activity, about the activity of other spaces, or those encouraging social campaigns. The resilience associated with the independent cultural and creative sector is more an individual adaptation than an organizational or collective adaptation. For instance, the online cultural performances were some of the emergent reactions to the COVID-19 crisis.

Crisis communication during emergency (on the example of the Al-Farabi KazNU)

Higher education institutions in Kazakhstan face various imperatives to better deal with the myriad crises affecting their staff and campuses. A crisis is an unexpected or unforeseen event that disrupts and threatens an organization and can be caused by both human and natural causes. Social media has become a powerful tool in crisis management on campus. Social media has challenged crisis communications professionals at universities. The main purpose of this study is to explore the usefulness of social media as a crisis communication practice in the university. The main research question: “How and what social network technologies are selected, planned, implemented and controlled in anti-crisis management at universities, in particular, at al-Farabi KazNU, in the leading multidisciplinary higher educational institution of Kazakhstan?” The “January tragedy of 2022” is considered as a period of emergency. Because of this, secondary research questions arise that relate to linked components of social networks and crisis management and include the following: How was information received during the January events? What types of communication were used? How do university crisis communication officers monitor and respond to social media in the myriad stages of crises? The results of this study include documenting practices that contribute to the successful integration of crisis communication in social networks. The conclusions are of particular interest and can be used in scientific research on the problems of studying crisis communication. The work also provides an opportunity to expand the understanding of the tragic January events, as it opens up the results of the online survey "Crisis communications during the inversion period of the January events". Therefore, the factual material introduced into scientific circulation, conclusions, assessments, recommendations make it possible to use them in the creation of generalizing works on the issues under study. Keywords: crisis communication, social networks, January tragedy, emergency period.

PD39 Strategies To Assist People With Disabilities During Health Emergencies, Concerning The COVID-19 – Systematic Review

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic has affected thousands of people worldwide. The collapse of health systems led to increased difficulties in accessing health care for people with disabilities. The objective was to define strategies to support the implementation of health care for people with disabilities.MethodsThe protocol for the systematic review was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021266341). Searches were done in seven databases, using MeSH terms related to COVID-19 and disability, in 2021. We included interventions that addressed health, education and social assistance.ResultsTwenty-nine studies were included. A meta-synthesis identified strategies to assist individuals with disabilities: creation of emergency accommodation and protection programs; flexible work arrangements; cash transfer programs; community participation in planning; establishment of support networks; social assistance even in periods of health emergency; teleconsultation services, telerehabilitation and systems that facilitate the use of digital technologies for telemedicine; inclusive guidelines for computer literacy and learning. The main implementation action was comprehensive health care centered on the needs of people with disabilities, with a focus on training community informants, continuing education of health professionals and caregivers for emergency situations, decentralization of care, identification and elimination of barriers to access.ConclusionsEven though the focus was on telehealth and social assistance, achieving comprehensive healthcare requires a range of interventions that together will support the reduction of inequity faced by people with disabilities.

Provision and uptake of sexual and reproductive health services during the COVID-19 pandemic: The case of Mali.

A qualitative study assessed the effects of the COVID-19 epidemic on Malian sexual and reproductive health services. Sexual and reproductive health (SRHR) providers in 25 purposively selected public health facilities in urban Bamako, rural Kita (western Mali) and Koutiala (southeast Mali) were interviewed. Disruptions within SRH supply, staffing, the prioritization of SRHR services, and patients' ability to seek, obtain and pay for services were reported across urban and rural settings at all levels of public health care, and by all cadres of SRHR providers. Most facilities in the study areas sustained some SRHR services at the height of the COVID-19 epidemic through innovative outreach and phone-based consultations. This study offers critical lessons for SRHR service provision during future waves of the pandemic or during periods of comparable emergency.

PP84 Change Management Of Patient Associations In Italy: From Emergency Response To Organizational Learning

IntroductionThe role of associations dedicated to patient advocacy has assumed strategic importance within the most advanced health systems, including the Italian NHS. In this period of strong national and international emergency, the associations of citizens and patients have also changed their actions and have implemented others to alleviate the discomforts of sick people in Italy, collaborating with institutions and health services.MethodsData were collected using a semi-structured survey, with both yes / no and open questions, developed and administered by the Patient Advocacy LAB (ALTEMS- Catholic University of Sacred Heart) to 150 patient advocacy associations. The organizational changes and the initiatives adopted by patient associations during the COVID-19 emergency was investigated.ResultsThe majority of the initiatives adopted by patient advocacy associations during the COVID-19 pandemic have been introduced during the first wave (March- June 2020), and that most of them have been maintained to (December 2020). These initiatives included improvements and updating of the communication tools aimed at reaching the higher number of patients. Thanks to these new approaches, the empathy and the assistance to patients have been increased. In addition, a number of training initiatives have been developed online and they have been followed by a large number of patients and caregivers. At an operative level, during the pandemic, many patient advocacy associations have provided their support to distribute masks, gloves, and therapies to patients. Unfortunately the fundraising activities suffered due to the lockdown, and the main problems were related to social distancing and lack of public campaigns. The institutional relationships have increased during the COVID-19 pandemic and they mainly regarded the participation in legislative interventions. Among the initiatives adopted, our sampled associations affirmed that they would like to maintain the social support provided to patients experienced during the pandemic.Finally we calculated a resiliency score and we discovered that the majority of the sampled associations developed an intermediate level of resiliency and that it is positively correlated with their tenure.ConclusionsOur results provide a fresh view about the role of patient advocacy associations during the pandemic indicate their important role within the NHS.

Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Tokyo Wholesale Tuna Market

The study investigated how the changes in the hours spent at home during the COVID-19 pandemic affected the Tokyo Toyosu bluefin, bigeye, and yellowfin tuna markets. Applying the nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) price models for the three tuna products during the four state of emergency (SOE) periods between 2020 and 2021 in Tokyo, the study reveals that an increase in the hours of stay-at-home during the first SOE had an adverse impact on all three tuna prices in the long run. The study also finds that for the bluefin tuna, an increase in the hours of stay at home had a positive impact on price in the short run when the hours of stay at home were increasing during the first SOE. This suggests that there were times when household demand for bluefin tuna increased while people spent longer in their homes during the SOE period.

Size distribution and reproductive phenology of the invasive Burmese python (Python molurus bivittatus) in the Greater Everglades Ecosystem, Florida, USA

The design of successful invasive species control programs is often hindered by the absence of basic demographic data on the targeted population. Establishment of invasive Burmese pythons (Python molurus bivittatus) in the Greater Everglades Ecosystem, Florida USA has led to local precipitous declines (> 90%) of mesomammal populations and is also a major threat to native populations of reptiles and birds. Efforts to control this species are ongoing but are hampered by the lack of access to and information on the expected biological patterns of pythons in southern Florida. We present data from more than 4,000 wild Burmese pythons that were removed in southern Florida over 26 years (1995–2021), the most robust dataset representing this invasive population to date. We used these data to characterize Burmese python size distribution, size at maturity, clutch size, and seasonal demographic and reproductive trends. We broadened the previously described size ranges by sex and, based on our newly defined size-stage classes, showed that males are smaller than females at sexual maturity, confirmed a positive correlation between maternal body size and potential clutch size, and developed predictive equations to facilitate demographic predictions. We also refined the annual breeding season (approx.100 days December into March), oviposition timing (May), and hatchling emergence and dispersal period (July through October) using correlations of capture morphometrics with observations of seasonal gonadal recrudescence (resurgence) and regression. Determination of reproductive output and timing can inform population models and help managers arrest population growth by targeting key aspects of python life history. These results define characteristics of the species in Florida and provide an enhanced understanding of the ecology and reproductive biology of Burmese pythons in their invasive Everglades range.

Plastic pollution can affect the emergence patterns of loggerhead turtle hatchlings

AbstractCoastal urbanization, plastic pollution and climate change are increasingly affecting marine turtles' nesting habitats. In addition to facing risks of mortality due to saltwater inundation or predation, their eggs and hatchlings' might also be affected by plastic debris accumulation on beaches, but no studies to date have analysed such impact. To analyse whether plastic pollution on nests' surfaces affects the embryos' and hatchlings' survival odds, we designed a field experiment in a turtle hatchery on a nesting beach of the loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) in Boa Vista Island (Cabo Verde). We applied three treatments with distinct plastic levels (18 nests per treatment): control (no added plastics), low density (64 plastic fragments with 24.5 g of plastic weight per nest) and high density (128 plastic fragments with 49.0 g of plastic weight per nest). Then, we tested 16 variables related to the incubation period, emergence period and hatchlings' fitness. Our results suggest that nests with high plastic density have a significantly lower probability of successful emergence. Moreover, plastics also affected the synchronized emergence of hatchlings, with more scattered and smaller emergent groups, which might increase the predation risk. Considering that turtle nesting habitats are becoming increasingly threatened, this additional threat might compromise the survival of turtle hatchlings on beaches.

Cyclone vulnerability in ethnic minority: A case study among rakhain community of Bangladesh

While disasters affect all members of society, studies show that racial and ethnic minorities evacuate at lower rates and are disproportionately affected by disasters. Despite the fact that Bangladesh is prone to cyclones, very few studies assess cyclone vulnerability. Assessing a household's vulnerability is seen as a critical step toward mitigating the negative consequences of disaster risks. This research was done among the Rakhains group in Bangladesh's Barguna District, an area prone to cyclones. This study aims to determine the vulnerability of Rakhain's households to cyclones. A door-to-door survey of 110 households was conducted in two Unions of Taltali Upazila, Barguna District. A total of 27 indicators were employed to assess their vulnerability. Results revealed that physical (0.52 ± 0.13) and composite vulnerability index (0.45 ± 0.12) were significantly higher in Sonakta Union than in Barabagi Union. Due to storm surges, they experienced inequality (57.27%) and extensive damage to houses and transportation facilities (63.64%). However, they had evacuation practices due to the cyclone emergency period. Most of them were satisfied (87.27%) with the transportation facility towards the cyclone shelter, whereas more than half were dissatisfied with the cyclone shelter's hygiene condition. National and international organizations should have a comprehensive disaster risk reduction strategy that includes everyone regardless of race, location, and ethnicity.

A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR DIGITAL LIBRARY AND THAT APPLY TO THE ENGINEERING EDUCATION AT HIGHER LEARNING INSTITUTION

This study aims to take a theoretical look at the arena of digital libraries. To that end, it is necessary to investigate the requirements of a digital library to establish in the departments of higher learning institutions in Bangladesh. Similarly, this study looks at the level of necessity, especially in engineering programs such as Civil Engineering, from an economic perspective. This is a precautious measure during an emergency period (state of affairs in-country) and contributes to the Sustainable Teaching and Learning (STL) in higher learning institutions for effectiveness and efficiency in developing human skill resources. For this study, a digital library for Civil Engineering is proposed to develop at the higher learning institution. The outcome of this study may apply to the discipline of Civil Engineering at International Islamic University Chittagong (IIUC) as a pilot program and then focus on diversified areas such as structure, materials, and construction; transportation; geotechnical; environment; and water resources. There are several exceptional features of the digital library. This library will address specific learning and content needs for several different beneficiary groups; the collections will exploit contemporary multimedia techniques to encourage active online STL library collections, which will focus on learning outcomes for lifelong groups. As an integral part of the digital library, a hosting portal is needed to develop to provide easy access to the collections in highlighted diversified areas.

"Trying to be positive in the face of the storm": The experiences of independent college students during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic created multiple stressors for college students, particularly for young adults experiencing multiple forms of disadvantage. Little is known about the pandemic experiences of independent college students, many of whom are emancipated minors, former wards of the state, and other students who lack familial financial and practical support as they pursue higher education. Twenty-three independent students, ages 18-23, from one northeastern university were interviewed to understand how independent students were affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, and their needs for support from the university during this time. Most participants were identified as Black or Latinx, and two thirds were first-generation college students. Participants reported an overall lack of support from their families prior to the pandemic. During the pandemic, they experienced compounding academic, economic, and mental health-related stressors. Students responded to these stressors in resilient and resourceful ways, by adapting to their new realities, expressing gratitude, and finding opportunities for self-growth. Participants recommend that institutions of higher education support independent students during periods of emergency through providing financial assistance, offering opportunities for connection with both adults and peers, and demonstrating administrative flexibility and understanding of their unique needs.

Understanding the Leaders of Tomorrow: The Need to Study Leadership in Adolescence

Leadership traits and behaviors are observed early in human development, and although an improved understanding of youth leadership would usefully inform many real-world contexts (e.g., education, parenting, policy), most empirical work on leadership has been limited to adult populations. The purpose of the current article is to add a developmental perspective to leadership research that has so far been absent. Here, we (a) highlight adolescence as a critical developmental period for leadership emergence and development, (b) argue that leadership among youths is poorly understood and critically understudied, (c) provide exemplars of synergy between research on leadership and adolescent development that are ripe for focused inquiry, and (d) underscore some of the positive consequences of accelerating empirical research on leadership in adolescence, including implications for a deeper understanding of leadership in adult working populations.

SARS-CoV-2 antigen rapid tests and universal screening for COVID-19 Omicron variant among hospitalized children

BackgroundClinical utility of universal antigen rapid test (ART) in the pediatric setting is unknown. We aimed to assess the performance and utility of universal ART in hospitalized children (≥5-year-old) to prevent nosocomial COVID-19 transmission. MethodsCross-sectional study involving all hospitalized pediatric patients aged ≥5-year-old from 2 periods during Omicron wave. Clinical data, ART and polymerase chain reaction test results were collected. ResultsA total of 444 patients were included from the 2 study periods, and 416 patients (93.7%) had concordant results between ART and polymerase chain reaction. The overall sensitivity and specificity of ART were 83.3% (95% CI: 75.2-89.3) and 97.5% (95% CI: 95.0-98.8), respectively. Negative predictive values of ART between the Omicron emergence and Omicron peak periods for a probable case group were 71.4% and 66.7%, respectively, and for a suspect case group 91.4% and 75.0%, respectively. Negative predictive values for an unlikely case group was >95% in both periods. Positive predictive value of ART was >85% for probable and suspect case groups in both periods. Seventy-five percent of patients (n = 15) who were incorrectly classified as SARS-CoV-2 negative by ART had potentially viable virus. No large nosocomial transmission clusters were detected. ConclusionsUniversal ART screening may limit nosocomial outbreaks in hospitalized children. The performance can be optimized by considering clinical symptoms, exposure and periods within COVID waves.

Factors Associated with SARS-CoV-2 Positivity in Patients Treated at the Lambayeque Regional Hospital, Peru during a Pandemic Period

The aim of this study was to provide additional data on mortality from COVID-19 with particular attention to the factors associated with the positivity of patients admitted to the Lambayeque Hospital in Peru. A retrospective cohort analysis was carried out to determine the clinical-epidemiological factors associated with positivity for SARS-CoV-2 in patients treated at the Lambayeque Regional Hospital during the health emergency period in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. It was observed that, as the demographic age group increased, the percentage of seropositivity increased, with 66.8% of elderly adults testing positive, compared to 37.4% of children (p < 0.001). More seropositive men than women were evident (61.1% vs. 54.1%; p < 0.001). The most frequent symptom of patients with suspected COVID-19 was cough (65.0%). However, the symptoms with the greatest frequency of seropositive patients were ageusia (78.6%) and fever (77.6%); cough was one of the symptoms with the lowest (63.9%) (p-value < 0.001). The comorbidities with the most seropositive patients were obesity (80.7%) and diabetes mellitus (73.6%) (p-value < 0.001), different from the top comorbidity of heart disease (12.7%) in suspected COVID-19 patients. In terms of disease signs, abnormal findings on MRI (98.11%) and dyspnea (28.7%) were the most common in suspected COVID-19 patients, similar to those in seropositive patients, which were dyspnea (81.4%) and abnormal tomography findings (75.3%) (p-value < 0.001).

IMPLEMENTASI SURAT EDARAN MENTERI NO. 4 TAHUN 2020 TENTANG PENYELENGGARAAN PENDIDIKAN PADA MASA COVID DI SD NEGERI BERTINGKAT PERUMNAS 1 WAENA, JAYAPURA

This service was carried out with the title of Implementation of Science and Technology Of The Minister's Circular Letter No. 4 of 2020 concerning the Implementation of Education during the Covid Period. The activity was carried out to partners in Perumnas 1 Waena State Elementary School, due to the constraints of teachers who have not understood the implementation of learning that can be done in accordance with government directives through The Minister's Circular Letter No. 4 of 2020 concerning the Implementation of Policies and Education in the Emergency Period of Corona Virus Disease Spread (Covid 19). Through this circular, learning methods in the covid-19 pandemic can be done online to minimize crowds or physical distancing efforts, which so far the team of servicemen meets learning methods are still done offline (face-to-face) because some teachers have not mastered online learning applications so that with the expertise possessed the serviceman can do the application of science and technology. The implementation of this devotion is carried out by the presentation of government discretionary materials through the implementation arrangements of distance education, discussions, and technical guidance in the operation of online learning methods, namely using the Zoom application, Whatsapp, Google Classroom, Google Meet, Google Drive and several other supporting applications by paying attention to the covid-19 protocol and assistance to partners in implementing online learning methods. The externality of this devotion is the increasing knowledge of partners about the implementation of learning in accordance with the Circular Letter of Minister No. 4 of 2020 in terms of learning using online methods in the covid-19 pandemic period, to break the chain of the spread of covid-19. Keywords: circular; covid-19 pandemic; online learning

Effects of Different Soil Moisture-Holding Strategies on Growth Characteristics, Yield and Quality of Winter-Seeded Spring Wheat

Drought during the overwintering period threatens the emergence rate and restricts the yield under the “winter-seeded spring wheat” cultivated model in the Hetao Plain Irrigation District in Inner Mongolia. To address this issue, from 2017 to 2019, six treatments were set up in the field to study the emergence rate, growth attributes, grain quality, yield and its percentage of winter-seeded spring wheat. These treatments were the (1) application of water-retaining agents under winter sowing (WRA), (2) soil amendments under winter sowing (SA) and wheat seed presoaking with amino acid water-soluble fertilizer under winter sowing (SP), (3) straw mulching under winter sowing (SM), (4) film-mulching hole sowing under winter sowing (FMHS), (5) blank control under winter sowing (CKW) and (6) conventional blank control under spring sowing (CKS). The results showed that the emergence rate of winter-seeded treatment was lower than CKS treatment, the emergence of WRA, SA, SM, and FMHS treatment increased by 5.4%, 2.3%, 6.5% and 10.8% compared with CKW treatment, respectively. The winter-seeded treatment is earlier than CKS treatment in the growth process, in which FMHS treatment is between 12 d and 16 d earlier in the emergence period, between 13 d and 15 d earlier in the maturation period, between 8 d and 12 d earlier than the CKW treatment in the emergence period, and between 8 d and 10 d earlier in the maturity period. Compared with CKW treatment, WRA, SA, SM, FMHS and CKS treatments increased yield by 13.49%, 11.42%, 14.75%, 21.61% and 28.15%, respectively. FMHS treatment significantly reduced the total water consumption and significantly improved water use efficiency. The protein content, wet gluten content, sedimentation value, dough ductility and maximum resistance in CKS treatment were significantly lower than other winter sowing treatments. The protein percentage and wet gluten percentage in FMHS treatment were the highest, and the difference with CKW treatment was significant. In summary, film-mulching hole sowing in winter improves soil water and the emergence rate, significantly accelerates the growth process of wheat, increases yield and promotes grain quality.

Changing Political Elite Network Dynamics and the Fate of Democracy

In this article, I adopt insights from social network analysis to document and explain changes in India’s ruling political elite’s network that led to the end of a brief period of authoritarianism, known as the Emergency period, in postcolonial India. Using data on the political elite’s interactions and point of view, and utilizing network analysis methods, I show that Prime Minister Indira Gandhi’s political trajectory made her expect loyalty, not clientelistic exchanges, from members of her political network. During the first year of the Emergency period, a new political elite shifted its loyalty from Mrs. Gandhi to her son Sanjay, a political novice. If the interactions among the political elite had continued, Sanjay’s clique likely would have pushed Mrs. Gandhi from the center to the periphery of political elite networks. Hence, I argue that Mrs. Gandhi called for elections and ended the Emergency to reestablish her centrality in the political elite networks. This article contributes to the cultural turn in the study of political networks by highlighting the importance of the political elite’s history of interactions within political networks, allowing us to comprehend the elite’s current strategies for reproducing or transforming its network position.