Emergence Period Research Articles

Diagnostic Accuracy of a Rapid SARS-CoV-2 Antigen Test Among People Experiencing Homelessness: A Prospective Cohort and Implementation Study.

Detection strategies in vulnerable populations such as people experiencing homelessness (PEH) need to be explored to promptly recognize severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreaks. This study investigated the diagnostic accuracy of a rapid SARS-CoV-2 Ag test in PEH during two pandemic waves compared with gold standard real-time multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rtRT-PCR). All PEH ≥ 18years requesting residence at the available shelters in Verona, Italy, across two cold-weather emergency periods (November 2020-May 2021 and December 2021-April 2022) were prospectively screened for SARS-CoV-2 infection by means of a naso-pharyingeal swab. A lateral flow immunochromatographic assay (Biocredit® COVID-19 Ag) was used as antigen-detecting rapid diagnostic test (Ag-RDT). The rtRT-PCR was performed with Allplex™ SARS-CoV-2 assay kit (Seegene). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated as measures for diagnostic accuracy. Overall, 503 participants were enrolled during the two intervention periods for a total of 732 paired swabs collected: 541 swabs in the first period and 191 in the second. No significant differences in demographic and infection-related characteristics were observed in tested subjects in the study periods, except for the rate of previous infection (0.8% versus 8%; p < 0.001) and vaccination (6% versus 73%; p < 0.001). The prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in the cohort was 8% (58/732 swabs positive with rtRT-PCR). Seventeen swabs were collected from symptomatic patients (7%). Among them, the concordance between rtRT-PCR and Ag-RDT was 100%, 7 (41.2%) positive and 10 negative pairs. The overall sensitivity of Ag-RDT was 63.8% (95% CI 60.3-67.3) and specificity was 99.8% (95% CI 99.6-100). PPV and NPV were 97.5% and 96.8%, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity did not change substantially across the two periods (65.1% and 99.8% in 2020-2021 vs. 60% and 100% in 2021-2022). A periodic Ag-RDT-based screening approach for PEH at point of care could guide preventive measures, including prompt isolation, without referral to hospital-based laboratories for molecular test confirmation in case of positive detection even in individuals asymptomatic for COVID-19. This could help reduce the risk of outbreaks in shelter facilities.

Reproduction system development of Ceracris kiangsu Tsai female adults and its relationship with fitness characteristics.

Research on the ovarian development of insect pests helps provide key information for predicting pest occurrences, and currently, there is very limited information about the reproductive system of Ceracris kiangsu Tsai. This study aimed to assess the reproductive fitness of 321 adult female insects by using traditional methods to dissect female adults, measure female ovaries, and assess the process of egg formation. The phenotypic traits including body weight and body length were also measured and used to estimate the model of ovarian developmental stages. Four ovarian developmental stages before the oviposition were identified, and the fundamental ovarian structure of C. kiangsu displayed red dots on the matured eggs inside the calyx at ovarian developmental stage V. The accessory glands of C. kiangsu had the deepest folds at stage Ⅲ. Redundancy analysis (RDA) was used to explore the correlation between ovarian development, body weight, and body length. A significant positive correlation was observed for body weight (p = 0.001) and body length (p = 0.009), which varied with the grade of ovarian development evaluated by the ovarian developmental stage, ovarian length, ovarian width, and ovarian cross-sectional area. A partial least square (PLS) regression was used to model the ovarian developmental stage, with a stage-based PLS being identified as the more effective method, which was y = 1.509x 1 + 0.114x 2. The model provides a potentially rapid way to identify the population source as either "native" or "immigrant" from the phenotypic traits without dissection. The aforementioned model may be used to estimate adult emergence periods and identify migratory populations from their ovarian development, potentially aiding in implementing proper prevention measures.

Re-Vision of History: Historiographic Metafiction in Kurt Vonnegut's Mother Night and Salman Rushdie's Midnight's Children

Rather than simply accept the "official" historical record, historiographic metafiction reexamines these records and events in showing different perspectives. This creates a dialogue between the text of the novel and the original texts of history, forcing the reader to examine more closely the texts being presented in both the "official" record and the novel. Two novels that operate along these lines are Kurt Vonnegut's Mother Night (1962), the supposed memoirs of an American who becomes a Nazi officer in Germany during World War II; and Salman Rushdie's Midnight's Children (1981), a novel examining the interwoven histories of the narrator's family and events in the history of India, including independence from Great Britain and the Emergency period under Indira Gandhi. These texts experiment with history by examining how those histories are constructed as memoirs by their character authors as well as what they mean and communicate to their contemporary audiences. By examining the methods by which histories are created and what they communicate to their audiences, Mother Night and Midnight's Children speak directly to the levels of meaning and construction in the histories chosen for re-vision.

The human life vs economic loss dilemma: Relation between death rate and the output rate in Europe during the Covid 19 pandemic

I analyze the human life-economic loss dilemma (HELD) trade-off between saving lives ad saving economic activities during the emergency period of Covid 19 pandemic. A new concept labeled HELD Curve, not addressed in the literature so far, is proposed to model the inverse non-linear relation between loss of economic activity and death rates during the Covid 19 Pandemic in Europe, due to the lockdown policy. Econometric estimation supports this view offering to policymakers a tool to assess the impact of continuing the lockdown. The HELD curve elasticity implies a trade-off of 218 thousand EURO per saved human life.

Progressive Observation of Covid-19 Vaccination Effects on Skin-Cellular Structures by Use of Intelligent Laser Speckle Classification (ILSC) Technique.

The recent pandemic showed that the current global research strategies on vaccine development in an emergency period necessitates more optimized supplementary techniques to observe instant progressive vaccines' subtle effects on human metabolisms to make better and speedy evolutionary health assessments. To fill this gap, we have followed a multi-disciplinary approach exploiting AI, laser-optics, and specific imaging methods. The proposed technique can make progressive observations on Covid-19 Astra Zeneca vaccination effects on skin cellular network by use of the well-established technique-Intelligent Laser Speckle Classification(ILSC), as Covid-19 is a skin-affecting systemic disease. The method also managed to distinguish between three different subject groups via their laser speckle skin image samplings, grouped as early-vaccinated, late-vaccinated and non-vaccinated participants. The results have proven that theILSCtechnique, in association with the parametrically optimised Bayesian network, can classify hidden skin changes of vaccinated and non-vaccinated individuals up to 90% accuracy and is also capable of detecting instant progressive developments pertaining to skin cellular properties. The proposed method has also proven that the continuous Covid-19 vaccine effect on the sub-skin layers can be observable by high frequency and speedy non-invasive data collection in real-time with high reliability.

Cycle of Potential Fishing Area of WPP-NRI 711 Year 2011-2020

This study discussed the cycle of potential fishing areas in WPP-NRI 711 based on the distribution of Sea Surface Temperature (SST) and distribution of chlorophyll-a concentration using MODIS Aqua satellite imagery. The distribution of Potential Fishing Areas (PFA) was determined based on the distribution of the thermal front which was processed using MGET (Marine Geospatial Ecology Tools) and chlorophyll-a. Determination of fluctuations and the emergence period of PFA for 10 years (2011-2020) is carried out using wavelets. The results showed that the average SST in WPP-NRI 711 was 29 °C. The highest average SST is 31 °C in May of the Transitional I Season, and the lowest average temperature is 27.9 °C in February of the West Monsoon Season. The average chlorophyll-a concentration was 0.6 mg/m3, the highest average chlorophyll-a concentration was 0.76 mg/m3 in December West Monsoon Season, and the lowest average was 0.53 mg/m3 in October Transitional II Season. The average PFA distribution area is 1.111 km2, the highest average area is 1.324 km2 in the West Monsoon Season, then the lowest area is 924 km2 in the Transitional II Season. Based on global spectrum and wavelet analysis, it is known that the period of the appearance of PFA is 3-6 months or Seasonal. then in the Northern Region segment of WPP-NRI 711, covering the Natuna Sea, the appearance of PFA is strongly influenced by Seasonal current movements. Meanwhile in the southern part, including the Karimata Strait, the emergence of PFA is strongly influenced by river runoff and changing Seasons.

PEMANFAATAN APLIKASI GOOGLE MEET SEBAGAI MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN PADA MAHASISWA MANAJEMEN PRODUKSI BERITA DI SEKOLAH TINGGI MULTI MEDIA MMTC YOGYAKARTA

The Covid-19 pandemic that hit Indonesia had an impact on limiting community activities in various fields, including in education. Through a letter on the Implementation of Educational Policies in the Emergency Period for the Spread of Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19), the learning method is regulated remotely or online. Sekolah Tinggi Multi Media MMTC implements this decision by conducting theoretical and practical lectures by utilizing information technology or online. Google Meet application is one of the learning media used by students and lecturers in the news production management study program that has its advantages and disadvantages. This study aims to understand the use of the Google Meet application as a learning medium for news production management students at Sekolah Tinggi Multi Media MMTC. Qualitative method is used for this research with data obtained from direct interviews with representatives of lecturers and students of news production management. Secondary data is obtained through the Broadcasting Law, books, journals, and related articles published on the internet. It can be concluded that the overall features available in the Google Meet application make it easier for respondents to study remotely. However, this is still limited to learning about theory, not practical work.

Teacher Competence in Online Learning and Technology Adaptation Strategy for Elementary Teachers in Semarang City

This study's aim is to investigate how teachers adapt to technology-based learning, as well as their originality and creativity in post-online or face-to-face learning. Even though Covid-19 has begun to drop, it is still a threat, especially to elementary school students, as is well recognized. During a two-year period, online learning proved ineffective at improving the quality of students's education. The two-year online education program prepares teachers to be proficient with information technology. This inquiry employed a mixed method, which refers to the use of both quantitative and qualitative research approaches in a single investigation. This technique is based on the assumption that integrating quantitative and qualitative data allows for a more comprehensive and synergistic use of the data than using them separately. The study's findings indicate that, from a policy aspect, the government has published Ministerial Circular No. 4 of 2020 Concerning the Implementation of Education Policies During the Emergency Period of the Spread of Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19). This circular letter encourages school administrators in Indonesia to implement and promote students's autonomous study. Students in elementary school from low-income homes face the most difficulty with online learning. Infrastructure is the primary barrier to online education. Due to the cultural shock experienced by parents and students, teacher proficiency in implementing online learning is not yet ideal. The first-semester adaption strategy has yielded innovations in the shape of shows and communication ways with students that strengthen the learning process.

Adult Emergence and Morphometrics of Chinese Citrus Fly, Bactrocera minax (Enderlein) (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Nepal

Chinese citrus fly, Bactrocera minax is a destructive and univoltine pest of citrus fruits. Geographical altitudinal gradients as well as prevailing climate affect the biology and ecology of insect. Hence, this study aimed to ascertain the effect of altitude on the adult emergence and morphological variations in various ecological settings of Ramechhap district of Nepal from February to June 2021 in citrus orchard. Six altitude ranges were selected in 50 m distance from 1200 to 1500 m above sea level (masl), ranging from 1201-1250 masl, 1251-1300 masl, 1301-1350 masl, 1351-1400 masl, 1401-1450 masl and 1451-1500 masl. The peak adult emergence periods were the 2nd, 3rd, 4th week of April in 1201-1250 masl, 1251-1300 masl, 1301-1350 masl, respectively, followed by 1st, 2nd and 3rd week of May in 1351-1400 masl, 1401-1450 masl, 1451-1500 masl, respectively. Morphometrics of Chinese citrus fly such as weight, length and width of pupa and adult were almost similar to the species collected in various altitudes. The average body length of male Chinese citrus fly adult was 11.58± 0.112 mm while female was 15.57± 0.076 mm. The average wingspan of male was 20.71± 0.285 mm while that of female was 23.14± 0.156 mm. The longevity of adult Chinese citrus fly species increased with increase in altitude. This information could be useful to design an appropriate management plan of Chinese citrus fly in various altitudinal gradients of Nepal.

Evolution of Disparities in Outpatient Ophthalmic Care at a Tertiary Care Center in California at the Beginning of and One Year into the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency

ABSTRACT Purpose To compare disparities in outpatient ophthalmic care during early and later periods of the COVID-19 public health emergency. Methods This cross-sectional study compared non-peri-operative outpatient ophthalmology visits by unique patients at an adult ophthalmology practice affiliated with a tertiary-care academic medical center in the Western US during three time periods: pre-COVID (3/15/19-4/15/19), early-COVID (3/15/20-4/15/20), and late-COVID (3/15/21-4/15/21). Differences in participant demographics, barriers to care, visit modality (telehealth, in person), and subspeciality of care were studied using unadjusted and adjusted models. Results There were 3095, 1172 and 3338 unique patient-visits during pre-COVID, early-COVID and late-COVID (overall age 59.5 ± 20.5 years, 57% female, 41.8% White, 25.9% Asian, 16.1% Hispanic). There were disparities in patient age (55.4 ± 21.8 vs. 60.2 ± 19.9 years), race (21.9% vs. 26.9% Asian), ethnicity (18.3% Hispanic vs. 15.2% Hispanic), and insurance (35.9% vs. 45.1% Medicare) as well as changes in modality (14.2% vs. 0% telehealth) and subspecialty (61.6% vs. 70.1% internal exam specialty) in early-COVID vs. pre-COVID (p < .05 for all). In late-COVID, only insurance (42.7% vs. 45.1% Medicare) and modality of care (1.8% vs. 0% telehealth) persisted as differences compared to pre-COVID. Conclusions There were disparities in patients receiving outpatient ophthalmology care during early-COVID that returned close to pre-COVID baseline one year later. These results suggest that there has not been a lasting positive or negative disruptive effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on disparities in outpatient ophthalmic care.

Effect of Masked Uncontrolled Hypertension on Perioperative Haemodynamic Response and Recurrent Adverse Cardiovascular Events among Patients Undergoing Major Noncardiac Surgery

Objective: To compare masked uncontrolled hypertension (MUCH) (n=16) and adequately controlled hypertension (ACH) (n=21) patients regarding their haemodynamic response to induction, incision and extubation, and evaluate the risk of perioperative recurrent adverse cardiovascular events in a prospective observational study. Material and Methods: After home blood pressure (BP) monitoring, patients were classified as MUCH or ACH using objective criteria. Perioperative haemodynamic parameters were monitored. Recurrent adverse event risks were evaluated using total-time and gap-time recurrent-event analysis. Results: BP responses to induction were qualitatively similar in the two groups, but with an exaggerated response following incision and extubation in the MUCH group. Risks of recurrent hypertensive events were higher in MUCH than in ACH patients during the intraoperative and emergence periods, with hazard ratios [95% confidence intervals] of 2.10 [1.21, 3.64] and 4.73 [1.12, 19.89] from total-time models, and 1.84 [1.20, 2.84] and 5.91 [1.45, 24.11] from gap-time models; the risk of recurrent bradycardia was higher during emergence, 4.08 [1.22, 13.59] from total-time and 4.88 [1.77, 13.45] from gap-time models. In contrast, the risk of recurrent hypotension was significantly lower in the MUCH patients during induction. Conclusion: Compared to ACH, MUCH patients were at increased risk of recurrent hypertensive events during the intraoperative and emergence periods, and of recurrent bradycardia during emergence.

Women's experience of continuity of midwifery care in North-Eastern Italy: A qualitative study.

The establishment of a maternity path is often hampered by the fragmentation of care processes resulting in discontinuity of care. The interruption of continuity of care negatively affects the experience of maternity. The purpose of this research is to analyze the experience of women who get midwifery continuity of care from pregnancy till after childbirth. A qualitative study using a phenomenological-grounded approach was undertaken. Audio-recorded semi-structured interviews were taken from 11 pregnant women who received midwifery care during maternity. This research was carried out between March 2020 and February 2021. Continuous and quality care is what allows women to develop new skills, increasing awareness and confidence in themselves and in their abilities both during pregnancy and after delivery. Assistance provided by competent professionals allows women to be taken in charge globally with greater personalization of care.Since the research was carried out during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, some of the repercussions that the situation had on women during maternity were also experienced negatively, such as the interruption of continuity of care or the inability to choose whom to have next to. From the perspective of prevention and protection of maternal and child health, in the short- and long-term, it becomes essential to focus on developing maternal competencies. This may be possible by implementing midwifery continuity of care pathways with an appropriate and flexible organizational system capable of responding to women's needs throughout the maternity journey, even during periods of a health emergency.

Periodontitis and COVID-19: Immunological Characteristics, Related Pathways, and Association.

Both periodontitis and Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pose grave threats to public health and social order, endanger human life, and place a significant financial strain on the global healthcare system. Since the COVID-19 pandemic, mounting research has revealed a link between COVID-19 and periodontitis. It is critical to comprehend the immunological mechanisms of the two illnesses as well as their immunological interaction. Much evidence showed that there are many similar inflammatory pathways between periodontitis and COVID-19, such as NF-κB pathway, NLRP3/IL-1β pathway, and IL-6 signaling pathway. Common risk factors such as gender, lifestyle, and comorbidities contribute to the severity of both diseases. Revealing the internal relationship between the two diseases is conducive to the treatment of the two diseases in an emergency period. It is also critical to maintain good oral hygiene and a positive attitude during treatment. This review covers four main areas: immunological mechanisms, common risk factors, evidence of the association between the two diseases, and possible interventions and potential targets. These will provide potential ideas for drug development and clinical treatment of the two diseases.

EVALUATION OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PROCUREMENT OF GOODS/SERVICES IN THE EMERGENCY OF CORONA VIRUS DISEASE 2019 (COVID-19) AT SLEMAN HOSPITAL

Background: Sleman Hospital is a referral hospital for Covid-19 patients. The covid-19 pandemic appeared in the current budget year, the budget for handling COVID-19 is not yet in the 2020 Budget Determination Document (DPA). The duties as Commitment Making Officer (PPK) and procurement officer at Sleman Hospital are additional tasks outside of the main duties and functions. . The implementation of the COVID-19 procurement activities at the Sleman Hospital adjusts the translation of the existing funds as determined through the Director's Decree.Objective: To evaluate the implementation of the procurement of goods/services in an emergency period to fulfill the service needs of COVID-19 patients at the Sleman Hospital.Method ; This study uses a qualitative method. Evaluating the implementation of procurement of goods/services during the COVID-19 emergency period in the period April-December 2020. The research subjects are Commitment Making Officers (PPK), Budget User Authorities (KPA), Procurement Officers, Technical Implementation Officers (PPTK), and Goods Users .Results and Discussion: Sleman Hospital in carrying out goods/services procurement activities during the COVID-19 emergency through 3 stages, namely planning, implementation and completion of work. The implementation of the procurement of goods/services is carried out by the Commitment Making Officer (PPK) and the Procurement Officer. Procurement implementation uses the direct appointment procurement method. direct procurement, e-purchasing through LKPP e-catalog and fast tender/auction. Contract signing is carried out at the stage of execution of work. The use of general procurement procedures is carried out prioritizing the principle of procurement of goods/services in an emergency, namely the speed and accuracy of emergency handling. Goods/services procurement activities that use pure APBD funding sources have good achievements, namely above 70%.Conclusion: The implementation of procurement activities for goods/services at RSUD Sleman is guided by special emergency procurement regulations and general procurement regulations regarding government procurement of goods/services sourced from pure APBD funds.

Effect of chilling on pupal developmental arrest and subsequent impact on quality control parameters of adult blowfly, Lucilia cuprina (Diptera: Calliphoridae)

The chilling process will surely be a very cost-effective measure for repeated mass rearing and be an effective source for the requirements of a huge number of pupae collected and supplied for the sterile insect technique (SIT) program. In Bangladesh, blowfly (Lucilia cuprina) is a main cause of damage of marine fish during sun drying in coastal areas. The chilling for a certain duration at a certain temperature may store pupae for a specific time by reducing their metabolism. In this study, the effect of chilling temperature and exposure period on pupal developmental arrest was assessed and the subsequent impact on quality control parameters of the adult blowfly, L. cuprina was also observed. We considered the effects of three temperature (4, 7, and 10 °C) regimes and three exposure periods (10, 20, and 30 days) on 3-day-old pupae. Results showed that all the parameters were affected significantly by all the chilling temperatures and durations. Adult emergence, flight ability, pupal weight, adult longevity, fecundity, and fertility decreased with the increase of exposure duration, but partial emergence and pupal duration increased with exposure durations. Storages at 4 °C for 20 and 30 days had no adult emergence. Emergence occurred before the chilling duration at 10 °C for 20 and 30 days which clearly indicated the unsuitable condition for storage parameters. Though the emergence, flight ability, pupal weight, and longevity at 10 °C for 10 days had no significant difference with control, the fecundity and fertility did have a significant difference. In addition, treatment at 7 °C for 10days, the adult emergence, flight ability, pupal weight, longevity, fecundity, fertility, pre-oviposition, and oviposition period had no significant difference with control. Considering all the parameters, it can be concluded that the pupae of L. cuprina can be stored at 7 °C of chilling temperature for 10 days long without any deterioration towards the quality of adult flies.

On the twenty-fifth anniversary of the restorative justice movement in Russia

This article examines the controversial period of emergence and development of restorative justice in Russia. This domestic experience is compared with the modern European understanding of restorative justice and its fundamentals. It is acknowledged that our country has an interesting experience of restorative justice, documented in the Restorative Justice Herald and other documents, which we can be proud of thanks to the actions of a team of like-minded people in more than 30 regions of the country. But there are also difficulties. The attitudes towards restorative justice on the part of the authorities, law enforcement agencies and academia are analyzed. Attention was paid to the discussion of the model legal regulation of the concept of reconciliation in criminal proceedings, which took place on April 22, 2022 at the Department of Criminal Procedure of the North-West Branch of the Russian State University of Justice. As the social response of civil society to crime, restorative justice is based on fundamentally different principles from state governance. Such work requires a fundamentally new way of thinking and working. It is concluded that restorative justice in Russia is wrongly restricted. Comments are made on the model of legal regulation of conciliation in criminal proceedings from the perspective of the essential nature of restorative justice.

Psychiatric Emergencies and Suicide Attempts Before and During COVID-19 Lockdown in Spain.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on the mental health of the population. The lockdown period in Spain - from March 14 to June 21, 2020 - was particularly stressful. This study aims to examine the differences in visits to the emergency department for psychiatric reasons before and during the lockdown period in a hospital in the province of Lleida (Catalonia, Spain), which has a catchment area of 431,183 inhabitants. We hope that this study can contribute to the understanding of this difficult period in our recent history and help us to be prepared in case of new social emergencies that may affect the mental health of the general population. Aims: This study aims to examine the differences in ER visits due to psychiatric reasons before and during the COVID-19 lockdown period in a province hospital in Spain. Methods: We compared the n = 1,599 visits to the emergency room and their characteristics before (June 13 to March 13, 2020) and during (March 14 to June 21, 2020) the lockdown period in the province of Lerida, Spain. Data were obtained from the electronic health records. Information collected included sociodemographic variables, reason for consultation, previous diagnosis, and characteristics of suicidal ideation and attempts - including history of previous suicidal behavior, method, days spent in the ER, suicide reattempts at 6-month follow-up. Results: Before lockdown, there were an average of 11.2 psychiatric emergencies per day compared with 9.2 psychiatric emergencies per day during lockdown. Regarding suicidal behavior, before lockdown, there were an average of 0.9 suicide attempts before lockdown compared with 0.7 attempts per day during lockdown. Limitations: Since the data came from the electronic health records, we have relied on the clinical diagnosis made by different psychiatrists. Also, we did not record psychiatric comorbidities, but instead only registered one main Axis I diagnosis and one main Axis II diagnosis. Conclusions: We observed a decrease in the number of visits to the ER in general, as well as a lower frequency of patients with suicidal behavior during the first and only lockdown period in Spain, which occurred during the initial months of the pandemic. This is consistent with previous studies showing a reduction of suicidal behavior during periods of social emergency. However, this decrease could be only temporary, and several authors predict an increase of suicidal behavior in the aftermath of the COVID-19 crisis. Ensuring access to mental healthcare during periods of crisis is crucial for the population.

Evaluation of hazard brochures using topic viewing durations: Application to tsunami evacuation brochures.

This study describes a novel method of assessing risk communication effectiveness by reporting an evaluation of a tsunami information brochure by 90 residents of three Pacific coast communities that are vulnerable to a Cascadia Subduction Zone earthquake and tsunami-Commencement Bay, Washington; Lincoln City, Oregon; and Eureka, California. Study participants viewed information that was presented in DynaSearch, an internet-based computer system that allowed them to view text boxes and tsunami inundation zone maps. DynaSearch recorded the number of times each text box or map was clicked and the length of time that it was viewed. This information viewing phase was followed by questionnaire pages assessing important aspects of tsunami hazard and sources of tsunami warnings. Participants gave the longest click durations to what to do in the emergency period during earthquake shaking and in its immediate aftermath before a tsunami arrives-topics that should be displayed prominently in tsunami brochures and emphasized in talks to community groups. The smallest adjusted click durations were associated with advance preparations for a tsunami-topics that can be posted on websites whose URLs are printed in the brochures.

FEMINISM AND SOCIAL DISCRIMINATION OF INDIAN SOCIETY BY ROHINTON MISTRY’S, “A FINE BALANCE”

This paper dealt with 20th century gender inconsistencies of feminism and their privileges between men and women social life in Indian society narrated by Rohinton Mistry’s Novel, “A Fine Balance”. In Indian social life, particular religion and community only will be allowed for certain rights to women than men as much as possible for lift their future life with the support of education, economy survival, respect, and independent assessment etc., The story, “A Fine Balance”, won the 1995 Giller Prize. It was selected for the Booker award in 1996. In this story Dina Dalal is the protogonist and she is the representative of women’s, ‘honour’. Throughout this novel, Dina was a braved woman to face the lot of routine life problems and possessing handling skills. And she is a outstanding figure to play a vital role of the whole story and fight back from her childhood onwards against up’s and down’s in her life journey and to sustain her economy status, get freedom from men dominant society and independent self-assessment. On the writer’s viewpoint the protagonist and other women characters like radha, roopa, ruby, zenobia and shanty etc., doesn’t have any independent privileges and no one can considered and respect the feminism means such as to provide the quality of education, rights and freedom of the society. On the other hand, “emergency period in India”, is the key factor for creating several disaster in Indian social and parsi community group.

Solanum carolinense L.

<i>Solanum carolinense</i> L.