Period Of Moon Research Articles

Ստեփանոս Մեծրկա որդու ՇԼԲ (532) - ամյա Զատկացուցակը (վերականգնում) / The 532-Year Paschal Table of Stepanos, the Son of Metzrka (Restoration)

This study holds both calendrical and source-critical, as well as philological significance. The article attempts to restore the main rules of two 19-year cycles of 532-year Paschal table of Stepanos, the Son of Metzrka. In the article, we address the issue that Stepanos created a project for a stationary calendar, which recognizes the beginning of the year as Navasard 1 = March 1, by retrospectively calculating the equivalent of Navasard 1 = March 1 in the Armenian portable calendar, namely the four-year period of 1080-1083. Taking into account the above, we have presented the equivalents of the dates of holidays, seasons and astronomical phenomena occurring throughout the year, according to the draft stationary calendar compiled by Stepanos, the Son of Metzrka and Julian calendar. Considering this, we have presented the date equivalents of holidays, the seasons of the solar year, and astronomical phenomena throughout the year according to the Julian calendar and fixed calendar project of Stepanos, the Son of Metzrka. Referring to Stepanos, the Son of Metzrka and his “Interpretation of the Calendar”, taking as a basis the information reported by him, about the 19-year cycle of the full moon, the vruzeleto system (arm. յոթներյակ), as well as epact (arm. վերադիր), we tried to reconstruct the image of the two 19-year Easter lists created by him in tables. The 532-year Easter schedule compiled by Stepanos, the Son of Metzrka consists of 28 parts with a 19-year period of Full Moon. The rules of the list of Easter holidays reconstructed by us refer to the leap (arm. նահանջ), the year (the years of the first circle of the Great Paschal cycle [Շ-եակ] are given, also the great Armenian date of the second circle of the Great Paschal cycle, and the Dionysian year), the epact, the vruzeleto system, the 19-year Full Moon cycle and the Easter day. These rules given are accompanied by detailed commentaries that illustrate the choice of meanings presented to make the list.

Study of Earth’s Obliquity Evolutionary History by Advanced Kinematic Model

NASA’s press release of ‘Moon having receded by 1 m from Earth in a quarter of century’ on the Silver Jubilee Anniversary (20 July 1994) of Man’s landing on Moon led to the development of the Kinematic Model (KM) of evolving Earth-Moon System (E-M system). Best fit KM parameters is adopted for the analysis of evolving E-M system assuming the present length of day of Earth to be 24 hours, sidereal orbital period of Moon divided by spin period of Earth = LOM(length of month)/LOD(length of day) = 27.322 and the age of Moon=4.467Gy. Using the best fit model parameters the velocity of recession of Moon is derived as 2.3cm/y as compared to 3.7cm/y by Lunar Laser Ranging experiment (Dickey et.al. 1994) [1]. Matija Cuk et.al (2016) have proposed a new model for the birth and tidal evolution of our natural satellite Moon born from impact generated terrestrial debris in the equatorial plane of high obliquity, high angular momentum Earth [2]. Using Moon’s orbital plane inclination angle (α), Moon’s obliquity (β) and eccentricity(e) of Moon’s orbit around Earth the advanced KM was developed and used for predicting the evolutionary history of Earth’s obliquity from a (semimajor axis of Moon) = 45RE = 2.96695×108 m (Cassini State Transition orbit) to the present a = 60.336RE = 3.844×108 m [3]. The present paper is sequel to the paper Sharma (2024) [5]. In the Advanced KM. (Φ)-Earth’s obliquity, (α)-Lunar orbital plane inclination, (β)-Lunar Obliquity and (e)-eccentricity of Moon’s orbit around Earth have been included. It has been shown that with the present epoch value of Φ = 23.4°, α = 5.14° , β = 1.54° and e = 0.0549, the general equation describing the evolution of E-M system from 45RE=2.96695×108 m to the present a = 60.336RE = 3.844×108 m yields (Length of Month/Length of Day) = 27.32 with fine tuning of globe-orbit parameters within its measurement error margin. But the tension between the predicted and the observed velocity of recession could not be removed even in the Advanced KM. This tension constrains Moon to be in an accelerated expanding spiral orbit where it recedes from 3.274×108 m to the present orbit 3.844×108 m in 1.2Gy time span. In the classical model this spiral expansion took 1.9Gy where it monotonically expanded spirally from 18,000Km to 384,440Km.. In the new hypothesis according to Cuk et.al. of Moon’s origin from high obliquity, high angular momentum Earth, Moon initially spirals out in chaotic manner with the lunar expansion getting stalled at Laplace Plane Transition as well as in Cassini State transition [2]. Plus in multiple-impact scenario of Moon formation according to Rufu et.al. also results in a delayed formation of full size Moon [4]. Both these factors result in a longer transit time from 18,000Km to 3.012×108 m of 3.267Gy. This results in an accelerated phase from 3.012×108 m to 3.844×108 m in 1.2Gy subsequently resulting into radial recession rate of 3.7cm/y. In the Advanced KM, 3.267Gy is spent in spiral orbital expansion from 3RE to 45RE but in fits and 1.2Gy is spent in accelerated monotonic spiral expansion from 45RE to 60.336RE. Hence this model is called fits and bound model. This also results in a much better match between observed LOD curve and theoretical LOD curve as is shown in a sequel paper [5]. In the present paper Advanced Kinematic Model analyzes the history of the evolution of Earth’s Obliqquity from the birth of Moon 4.467Gy ago to the present modern times.

Validation of Advanced Kinematic Model of Earth-Moon System by Observed Length of Day Curve

NASA’s press release of ‘Moon having receded by 1 m from Earth in a quarter of century’ on the Silver Jubilee Anniversary (20 July 1994) of Man’s landing on Moon led to the development of the Kinematic Model(KM) of evolving Earth-Moon System. Best fit KM parameters are adopted for the analysis of evolving E-M system, The present length of day of Earth is assumed to be 24 hours, orbital period of Moon divided by spin period of Earth=LOM/LOD=27.322 and the age of Moon=4.467Gy. Using this best fit model parameters the velocity of recession of Moon is derived as 2.3cm/y as compared to 3.7cm/y by Lunar Laser Ranging experiment.KM is used to plot lengthening of day(LOD) curve from pre-cambrian period (2.5Gy ago) to the present time. This theoretical plot is superimposed on the observed lengthening of day curve. The observed plot is generated from the observed length of day in different geologic epochs by John West Wells, Charles P.Sonnet & Chan and Kaula & Harris by the study of coral fossils, ancient tidalites and marine creatures respectively. The superposition gives more than 25% mismatch in remote past around 2.5Gya. This KM did not consider the obliquity angle 23.44° of Earth and the inclination angle of 5.14° of Lunar Orbital Plane with respect to Ecliptic plane. The classical KM assumed monotonic spiral expansion of Moon from Earth as shown in Figure 1. A recent paper “Tidal evolution of Moon in high angular momentum, high obliquity Earth” has revolutionized the Earth-Moon modeling and paved the way for near-match between observated and theoretical LOD curve. In the new scenario Moon’s tidal evolution is anything but sedate and monotonic. It experienced a bumpy launch through gravitational sling shot at the first geo-synchronous orbit of 15,000Km. Moon was gravitationally catapulted and launched on an expanding spiral path but this expansion was turbulent, chaotic and got stalled at times due to huge lunar obliquity tides during Laplace Plane transition and due to Cassini state transition as shown in Figure 2. Only after Moon settles down in Cassini state II that it resumes its monotonic and sedate spiral expansion as envisaged in the classical picture but this spiral expansion was at accelerated pace so as to reach 3,84,499Km orbital radius in 4.5Gy. It transits in fits , in chaotic and turbulent phase, for 3.3Gy whereas it spends1.2Gy in bounded state therefore this new model is referred to as ‘Fits and Bound’ model of E-M system. On this time scale the modern time recession rate comes to be 3.7cm/y. If this accelerated time frame is adopted then we get near-exact match between theory and observed LOD curve with worst mis-match being -4%. In this accelerated time frame, all E-M system parameters are obtained and it is self consistent model with velocity of recession = 3.7cm/y, LOM/LOD = 27.322 and near match between theory and observed LOD curve and spending 3.3Gy in turbulent and stalled evolutionary phase and spending 1.2Gy in the present accelerated phase. This gives the final vindication to the advanced KM.

An advanced multipole model of the (130) Elektra quadruple system

Context.The Ch-type asteroid (130) Elektra is orbited by three moons, making it the first quadruple system in the main asteroid belt.Aims.We aim to characterise the irregular shape of Elektra and construct a complete orbital model of its unique moon system.Methods.We applied the All-Data Asteroid Modelling (ADAM) algorithm to 60 light curves of Elektra, including our new measurements, 46 adaptive-optics (AO) images obtained by the VLT/SPHERE and Keck/Nirc2 instruments, and two stellar occultation profiles. For the orbital model, we used an advancedN-body integrator, which includes a multipole expansion of the central body (with terms up to the orderℓ= 6), mutual perturbations, internal tides, and the external tide of the Sun acting on the orbits. We fitted the astrometry measured with respect to the central body and also relatively, with respect to the moons themselves.Results.We obtained a revised shape model of Elektra with the volume-equivalent diameter (201 ± 2) km. Of two possible pole solutions, (λ,β) = (189; −88) deg is preferred, because the other one leads to an incorrect orbital evolution of the moons. We also identified the true orbital period of the third moon S/2014 (130) 2 asP2= (1.642112 ± 0.000400) days, which is in between the other periods,P1≃ 1.212days,P3= 5.300 days, of S/2014 (130) 1 and S/2003 (130) 1, respectively. The resulting mass of Elektra, (6.606-0.013+0.007) ×1018kg, is precisely constrained by all three orbits. Its bulk density is then (1.536 ± 0.038) g cm−3. The expansion with the assumption of homogeneous interior leads to the oblatenessJ2= −C20≃ 0.16. However, the best-fit precession rates indicate a slightly higher value, ≃0.18. The number of nodal precession cycles over the observation time span 2014–2019 is 14, 7, and 0.5 for the inner, middle, and outer orbits.Conclusions.Future astrometric or interferometric observations of Elektra’s moons should constrain these precession rates even more precisely, allowing the identification of possible inhomogeneities in primitive asteroids.

Cultural and semiotic codes of Burkhanist wedding rites of the Altai-Kizhi

The Altai-Kizhi, as the central group of the Altaians, the titular ethnic group in the Republic of Altai, are the guardians of Burkhanism. Burkhanism refers to a belief system that emerged at the beginning of the 20th century as a “reformed” version of shamanism. In Soviet times, forbidden Burkhanism preserved in the intra-ethnic ritual culture, and in the post-Soviet period it began to revive. The purpose of the article is to identify Burkhanist con-cepts in the cultural and semiotic wedding codes. The material for the study was author’s own field accounts of 2020–2022, collected by the method of participant observation and interviewing informants, as well as archival records of A.V. Anokhin, an antiquarian of the early 20th century. When analyzing the source base, a comparative method of research was used. The bride’s transition into a category of married women occurs through the rite of changing the maiden hairstyle for two braids with a parting, and introducing her to the groom's ancestral hearth by ‘treating’ the fire with oil. In the ritual actions of the participants, the Burkhanist attitude towards ‘the positive’ and the observance of the custom of ‘bay’ are encoded. For the first time, on the basis of the collected material, an anthropomorphic code of the ritual practice of the wedding has been identified, associated with the key idea of Burkhanism - the veneration of Altai-deity, the upper heavenly world that provides earthly life. The temporal code of the ritual actions corresponds to the Burkhanist rule — the period of the new moon and morning is a ‘favorable’ time for proposal and marriage. The spatial code of the wedding ceremonies accounts for the contraposition of ‘east-west’, ‘right-left’, and ‘male-female’. The actional code consists in performing the ritual ‘posolon’ actions and an even number of times according to the Burkhanist symbolism. The object code involves sacred attributes — a whip, a gun, a sheath for opening bride's curtain, juniper, and dairy products for ‘feeding’ the hearth fire. The color code of the wedding is in observance of light symbols — bride's curtain, milk, and sacrificial ribbons. The verbal code is realized in the ritual texts of good wishes and songs. The character code is contained in the composition and role of the sex and age groups: elders as experts in the ritual; maternal uncles-taay and nephews of the bride and groom, whose participation means social recognition and approval of the marriage. The analysis of the wed-ding ritual actions reveals the ‘stringing’ of one code upon another, which enhances the significance of the ritual. One and the same ritual meaning can be expressed by means of different codes and by several of them simulta-neously. Despite the fact that the ritual codes are universal, their manifestation and significance in the wedding rituals of the Altai-Kizhi are unique, which is in accordance with the ideas of Burkhanism and is explained by the historical and ethno-confessional factors of the adaptation of the Altaian tribal society.

Diversity of Crustaceans Bycatch of Blue Swimming Crab (Portunus pelagicus) Fisheries of Landed in Leppe village, Soropia District, Konawe Regency

This research was aiming of find out the diversity of crustaceans bycatch of blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus) fisheries of moon period based. The method used was a survey method and sampling of crustacean bycatch was carried out during the period of bright moon (11-15 moon nights) and dark moon (27-1 moon nights). The results showed that there were 20 species of crustacean bycatch found during the study in which 17 species were found during the bright moon and 16 species were found during the dark moon. Thalamita danae species had the highest abundance during the dark and the bright moon period. The number of the male crustaceans bycatch was higher than the females for both bright and dark moon periods.Diversity index crustacean bycatch in both periods (brigh tand dark) ranged from 0.83 to 0.85. The evennes index and dominance index inthe bright and dark moon are the same (0.69 and 0.22, respectively).

Polar Ice Accumulation from Volcanically Induced Transient Atmospheres on the Moon

Water ice exists at the lunar poles, but its origin, abundance, and distribution are not well understood. One potential source of water to the poles is the volcanic outgassing of volatiles from the lunar interior and subsequent condensation of erupted water vapor as surface ice. We investigate whether volcanic outgassing is a viable source for the accumulation of lunar polar water ice. We construct a model that accounts for volcanic outgassing, atmospheric escape to space, and surface ice accumulation over the period of peak lunar volcanic activity (4–2 Ga) and map the resulting water ice distribution and abundance using current surface temperature data from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter. Our model suggests that ∼41% of the total H2O mass erupted over this period could have condensed as ice in the polar regions, with thicknesses up to several hundreds of meters. The south pole accumulates roughly twice the ice mass of the north, and the southern deposits are thicker. Typical modeled eruptions generate collisional atmospheres with lifetimes of ∼2500 yr. However, these atmospheres are episodic and generally do not persist between eruptions. Roughly 15% of an atmosphere’s water vapor mass forms a frost on the lunar nightside, while the transient atmosphere persists. Our work suggests that the volcanically active period of the early Moon would have been punctuated by short-lived, collisional atmospheres that enabled the efficient sequestration of large quantities (8.2 × 1015 kg) of water ice at the poles and the temporary diurnal availability of water ice and vapor at all latitudes.

IMPACT OF GEOMAGNETIC STORMS, LUNAR CYCLES AND DAYS OF THE WEEK ON CAR ACCIDENTS INJURING PEOPLE IN TERMS OF THEIR POTENTIAL IMPACT ON ROAD USERS IN VINNYTSIA AND THE REGION, UKRAINE

The study analyzes the impact of geomagnetic storms, lunar cycles and days of the week on car accidents with injuries to people in terms of their potential impact on road users. The study was conducted on the basis of data from 2015 to 2020 in the city of Vinnytsia and region, Ukraine. The effect of geomagnetic storms was estimated according to the values of the Kr index and was weak at a level less than 0.05. The analysis by lunar cycles took place in four lunar phases. An increase in the number of accidents was observed only in the period of the new moon - the first quarter of the cycle. The number of accidents increased on Thursday and Friday relative to the days of the week, and the number of accidents decreased from Monday to Tuesday during the last two years of observation.

Reproductive biology of the land crab Epigrapsus politus Heller, 1862 (Brachyura: Gecarcinidae) on Iriomote-jima, Japan

Abstract The breeding cycle of the land crab Epigrapsus politusHeller, 1862 (Gecarcinidae) was studied through a mark-recapture experiment on subtropical Iriomote-jima, Japan between September and November 2017. The abundance of E. politus at the cobble shore increased during the breeding season, and then decreased. Crab density was estimated to be 423.5 over 20 m2. The population showed a bimodal and a monomodal body-length frequency for males and females, respectively. Lifespan was estimated to be between one and two or three years. Ovigerous (egg bearing) females were detected from early September to late November, with the highest abundance occurring between late September and early November. The proportion of embryonic development (non-eyed and eyed eggs) of ovigerous females and the presence or absence of embryos and embryonic development of recaptured females showed that larvae were released on the days after the full moon. In comparison, egg extrusion occurred during the period of the previous full moon, i.e., eggs were incubated for four weeks. Females produced one brood within a single breeding season. The breeding ecology of E. politus was characterized as being short and occurring in a cooler season than that of other gecarcinids inhabiting the subtropical islands of the northwest Pacific.

Современный бурханизм через историю в ритуальной жизни алтайцев

The article is devoted to the urgent problem of the revived Burkhanism formation in the Altai Republic. The authors came to the conclusion that the historical path of Burkhanism from the ban to the post-Soviet rehabilitation led it to the ambiguous comprehension. The main theories about Burkhanism given in the reports of the scientific conference held in the year of its one hundredth anniversary are highlighted. It is noted that modern Burkhanism is supported by the southern Altai people, namely the Altai-Kizhi that live in the Burkhanism places of the Ongudai and Ust-Kan regions of the Altai Republic. Against the background of the revival of the Oyrot heritage, the post of Zaisan as head of a clan, the confrontation between the adherents of Altai jan (Altai faith), that represent a mixture of “old” Burkhanism and Shamanism, and a group of Altai Buddhists, who interpret Burkhanism as the periphery of Lamaism, appeared. Based on the ethnographic data the ritual practice of «feeding» the fire of the hearth, sprinkling sacred objects with milk and cleansing by fumigation with juniper are represented, which expresses the key idea of Burkhanism ‒ the reverence of the upper heavenly world that gives life to man, the well-being to his family and his clan. It was revealed that Burkhanism consolidated the people spiritually and ethnically; therefore, observance of ritual symbolism in everyday life contributes to the preservation of the life values: peace, grace, happiness, luck. In ritual life, Burkhanism symbols and attributes are observed spatially and temporarily. The period of the young moon and sunrise, as well as the time of the birth of the sun (day), are considered the most “favorable” time to initiate ceremonies in honor of the living. Ritual actions are performed according to the sun and an even number of times. Everything connected with the “world of the living” honoring ritual should be white. The very existence of the world depends on proper observance. According to the norms of modern Burkhanism, it is considered that the one who observes the ritual symbolism approved by Burkhanism is one of the «True» Altaians and this certain standard of “Altai” based on the traditional worldview.

Estimating the synodic period of moon by meridian transit method and analyzing the cause of variations

The study about synodic period of the Moon during 1983 - 2030 by Ephemeris. The Moon’s transit time at observer’s meridian were estimated consequently and can be plotted with Julian date to compare with The transit times of the sun in the same graph, therefore the difference between two intersected points were estimated to each synodic period of the Moon. The result was shown that there were 594 numbers of synodic period in 1983-2030 and tended to variate from the 5 effects of orbit between Sun-Earth and Moon.

The lunar effect on delivery and other birth outcomes in rural Zambia

Objective: It is a widely held belief that the period of a full moon is associated with higher birth rates compared to periods when the moon is not full. We investigated whether more births occurred during a full moon in a rural African population.Design: Data collected from 42 clinical sites in rural Zambia associated with the Better Health Outcomes through Mentoring and Assessment (BHOMA) Study were evaluated. We compared the proportion of pregnancies born during a full moon to theproportion that would be expected if there were no association.Main outcomes: Proportion of births during the full moon.Measures: Demographics and birth outcomes.Results: A total of 10,127 women delivered at a participating site between 8 December 2010 and 19 August 2015. Mean maternal age was 25.1 years (standard deviation [SD] 6.4 years), mean maternal weight 62.7 kg (SD 13.9 kg), 14.4% were HIV seropositive, and 3.7% were syphilis positive. The mean birth weight was 3032 g (SD 0.5 g); 49.6% newborns were female, and 1.48% were stillborn. There was a full moon during 70 of the 1715 days under observation. In the absence of an association, we would expect 70 / 1715 (4.08%) of births to occur on these days. We observed a total of 434deliveries (4.29%; 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 3.89%, 4.68%) during these 24-hour periods. Thus, an association between the full moon and higher delivery rates was not observed (p=0.87). An additional analysis, where the entire lunar cycle was divided into 8 equal bins, also yielded no association. Finally, we did not identify any other birth outcomes that were associated with lunar cycle (birthweight, stillbirth, gender, or congenital malformation).Conclusions: In this large, rural population, we found no evidence of a lunar effect on delivery or adverse birth outcomes. These results refute a common belief and should provide assurance to managers who opt to ignore lunar cycle when scheduling midwife staffing of rural clinics.

The Lunar Effect on Delivery and Other Birth Outcomes in Rural Zambia

Objective: It is a widely held belief that the period of a full moon is associated with higher birth rates compared to periods when the moon is not full. We investigated whether more births occurred during a full moon in a rural African population. 
 Design: Data collected from 42 clinical sites in rural Zambia associated with the Better Health Outcomes through Mentoring and Assessment (BHOMA) Study were evaluated. We compared the proportion of pregnancies born during a full moon to the proportion that would be expected if there were no association.
 Main outcomes: Proportion of births during the full moon.
 Measures: Demographics and birth outcomes.
 Results: A total of 10,127 women delivered at a participating site between 8 December 2010 and 19 August 2015. Mean maternal age was 25.1 years (standard deviation [SD] 6.4 years), mean maternal weight 62.7 kg (SD 13.9 kg), 14.4% were HIV seropositive, and 3.7% were syphilis positive. The mean birthweight was 3032 g (SD 0.5 g); 49.6% newborns were female, and 1.48% were stillborn. There was a full moon during 70 of the 1715 days under observation. In the absence of an association, we would expect 70 / 1715 (4.08%) of births to occur on these days. We observed a total of 434 deliveries (4.29%; 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 3.89%, 4.68%) during these 24-hour periods. Thus, an association between the full moon and higher delivery rates was not observed (p=0.87). An additional analysis, where the entire lunar cycle was divided into 8 equal bins, also yielded no association. Finally, we did not identify any other birth outcomes that were associated with lunar cycle (birthweight, stillbirth, gender, or congenital malformation).
 Conclusions: In this large, rural population, we found no evidence of a lunar effect on delivery or adverse birth outcomes. These results refute a common belief and should provide assurance to managers who opt to ignore lunar cycle when scheduling midwife staffing of rural clinics.

천체의 궤도 운동 주기 분석을 통한 명량대첩 당시의 명량수도 조류 상태에 관한 연구

명량대첩(鳴梁大捷)은 1597년 음력 9월 16일(양력 10월 25일) 정유재란 당시 충무공 이순신의 지휘를 받는 조선 수군 전함 13척이 일본 수군 전함 133척을 물리친 세계 해전사에 빛나는 전투이며, 정유재란의 판도를 바꾼 대첩이다. 이충무공은 13척의 조선 수군 전선으로 수백 척의 적선을 대적하는 데에 있어서, 명량수도의 좁은 지형과 독특한 조류를 이용하고자 하여 9월 15일에 해남 우수영으로 진영을 옮긴 다음 날에 명량해협에서 적선을 맞이하였다. 본 연구에서는 명량대첩 당시에 조 일 양국 수군의 전함 기동에 큰 영향을 준 명량해협의 조류 상태를 추산하기 위한 분석을 수행하였다. 연구에 있어서는 평형조석론(equilibrium theory of tide)과 동력학적 조석론(dynamical theory of tide)을 기반으로 하여, 지구에 대한 천체(달, 태양)의 위상이 명량대첩 당시에 있어서의 위상과 동일하게 되는 회귀시점을 천체 운동의 주기를 분석함으로써 계산하였다. 그리고 그 회귀시점에 대하여 조화분석법으로 계산한 조석 자료를 적용하는 방법으로 명량대첩 당시의 조류 상태를 추산하였다. 그 결과, 명량수도의 조류는 새벽 06시 36분에 전류해서 북서쪽으로 흐르기 시작하여 09시30분에 최대 유속인 8.3노트에 이르렀고, 12시 48분에 다시 남동쪽으로 전류하여 16시 12분에 최대 유속인 9.9노트에 도달한 다음, 19시 06분에 북서쪽으로 다시 전류하였다고 판단할 수가 있었다. Miraculous victory of Myeongnyang sea battle turned the tide of the Joseon's entire war against Japan and it is regarded as one of the most remarkable sea victories in the world history. In the sea battle of Myeongnyang, on September 16, 1597(lunar calender), the Joseon navy with 13 battle ships, led by Admiral Yi Sun-sin, won the Japanese navy with their fleet of 133 warships. There were several reasons why Admiral Yi decided on this location for battle. Myeongnyang strait is so narrow and had currents so powerful that many ships could not pass strait simultaneously. Therefore, despite being vastly outnumbered, Admiral Yi used terrain and tidal current advantage to defeat Japanese navy's numerical advantage. In order to find out the tidal state of Myeongnyang strait on September 16, 1597, topological phase of sun and moon was studied by orbital period of earth and moon. The tidal state of Myeongnyang strait on September 16, 1597 is estimated based on the theories of tide and tide tables. As a result of this study, time of slack water were found to be 0636, 1248, 1906 and time/speed of maximum tidal current were found to be 0930/8.3kts(NW), 1612/9.9kts(SE).

Autonomic neural activity in male human subjects during different phases of synodic period of moon

The gravitational pull of moon on earth is different in new moon (NM), first quarter (FQ), full moon (FM), and third quarter (TQ) and the amplitude of ocean tide also differs according to the phases of synodic period of moon. In the present study, Valsalva maneuver was performed for the measurement of Valsalva ratio (VR), tachycardia ratio (TR), and bradycardia ratio (BR) in 32 male university students (age: 23.7 ± 1.9 years) to explore the autonomic neural activity during those four specific phases. It was found that the VR was significantly higher and BR was significantly lower in NM and FM compared to FQ and TQ. But the TR did not differ significantly during different phases of lunar month. It appears from this study that there is a circalunar periodicity of autonomic neural activity of human which is efficiently adjusted during NM and FM in comparison to FQ and TQ.

Reproductive periodicity of the sparid, Acanthopagrus pacificus, on a hierarchy of temporal scales

The reproductive periodicity of the sparid, Acanthopagrus pacificus, over four temporal scales is described. Acanthopagrus pacificus had a short spawning season between June and September, and within this, a peak reproductive period from July to early September. During the peak period there were several spawning peaks corresponding to a lunar periodicity, with intense reproductive activity on new and full moons that peaked during the period of the full moon when the tidal range was greatest. At the smallest temporal scale, spawning occurred at night on ebb tides. Because this study draws on data collected in 1991 and 1995, it provides a useful baseline against which to judge future changes in reproductive periodicity.

LIGHT TRAPPING OF THE TURNIP MOTH ( AGROTIS SEGETUM DEN. ET SCHIFF.) DEPENDING ON THE GEOMAGNETISM AND MOON PHASES

Abstrac t: The study deals with the change of light-trap catch of the Turnip Moth ( Agrotis segetum Den. et Schiff.), in connection with the horizontal comp onent of geomagnetic field and the moon phases. The numbers of specimens caught by generation relative catch values were calculated. These hourly relative catch data were assigned to the hourly values of ho rizontal component of geomagnetic field. They were separated by the moonlit and moonless hours of the four quarter of the Moon (New Moon, First Quarter, Full Moon and Last Quarter) were classified. We correlated the hourly catch results pertaining to the hourly values of both the horizontal component and moonlit or moonless hours of four moon quarters. After tha t we made correlation calculations to demonstrate the as sumed connection. Our calculations have shown that in the period of the New Moon when there is no measurable moonlight, the higher values of the horizontal component are accompanied by a falling relative cat ch. In the other moon phases, i.e. in the First Qua rter, Full Moon and the Last Quarter, growing values of t he horizontal component are accompanied by an increasing catch in both the moonlit and moonless h ours.

Effect of moonlight on the foraging behaviour of a megachiropteran bat Cynopterus sphinx

AbstractWe studied the influence of moonlight upon the foraging activity pattern of the fruit bat Cynopterus sphinx. We observed the bats when foraging on the fruits of Calophyllum inophyllum and on the leaves of Mimusops elengi and Cassia fistula for 31, 27 and 28 days, respectively at the botanical garden in the Madurai Kamaraj University campus. The number of feeding bouts was recorded every hour between 18:00 and 05:00. A feeding bout involves a bat landing on the tree and collecting a part (or whole) of the fruit or a leaf. The total number of feeding bouts was negatively correlated with per cent moonlight each night. The number of feeding bouts decreased during the waxing phases of the moon. During the period of new moon the mean number of feeding bouts was significantly higher compared to the periods of other phases. During the first quarter and the last quarter phases, feeding occurred more during the dark part of the night, especially when the bats foraged upon M. elengi and C. fistula. While cloud cover enhanced the foraging activity, lightning and thunder suppressed it. Our study indicates that moonlight influences the foraging activity of C. sphinx.

Do animals bite more during a full moon? Retrospective observational analysis

Objective: To test the hypothesis that the incidence of animal bites increases at the time of a full moon.Design: Retrospective observational analysis.Setting: Accident and emergency department at a general hospital...

Rapid data collection and assessment of the biology of Acanthurus nigrofuscus at Woleai Atoll, Micronesia

Traditional community fishing methods commonly employed in the tropical Pacific were used to generate information on the fishery biology of Acanthurus nigrofuscus at Woleai Atoll, Micronesia, over a short time period. A simple depletion model was used to estimate the biomass of A. nigrofuscus at four back reef lagoon sites at Woleai, using two different fishing methods; spear fishing and drive‐in‐net fishing. The mean biomass and density of A. nigrofuscus on the lagoon reefs was 8000 g ha −1 and 183 fish ha −1 respectively, with a total estimated standing stock for the lagoon of 91 500 fish or a biomass of 4·0 t. The size frequencies of fish caught by spear fishing were biased towards larger sized individuals, while those from drive‐in‐net fishing were thought to be more representative of the true population size frequencies. Variation in the density and biomass of A. nigrofuscus at the four reef sites was thought to be due to the length of time between episodes of community fishing at each reef site. The sex ratio (male: female) of A. nigrofuscus was significantly different from unity (1: 0·47) and males grew larger than females. Sexually mature fish were present in all size classes above the minimum capture length and spawning activity was greatest during the period of the full moon.