Period Of Days Research Articles

Sociodemographic disparities in sedentary time among US youth vary by period of the day.

Studies have reported sex and race/ethnicity disparities in sedentary time (ST), but none have evaluated ST by well-defined periods of the weekday (before school, during school, afterschool, and evening) and weekend day (morning, afternoon, and evening). Comparing sex and race/ethnicity disparities in ST at different periods of a weekday and weekend day can deepen our understanding of disparities and inform intervention efforts. This study tests sex and race/ethnicity disparities in ST by period of day in a representative sample of US youth. Youth (N = 2,972) from the 2003-2006 NHANES waves reported demographic variables and wore an accelerometer for 7 consecutive days to assess ST. Linear regressions were conducted to test relationships between sex and race/ethnicity and ST (min/hour) during each period of a weekday and weekend day. ST differences by sex and race/ethnicity were calculated to identify the periods of the day presenting the largest opportunity to reduce disparities. Females were more sedentary than males during school (p < 0∙0001), afterschool (p < 0∙0001), and weekday evenings (p < 0∙0001) after controlling for covariates. After controlling for covariates, race/ethnicity only was a significant predictor of ST during weekend mornings (p < 0∙0001). During school and afterschool emerged as the periods with the largest opportunities to reduce sex disparities in ST. Weekend mornings were identified as the largest opportunity to reduce race/ethnic disparities in ST. Sex disparities in ST appear to be driven mostly by the during school period of the day, while race/ethnic disparities in ST seem to be driven by the weekend morning period. Future intervention work should consider these periods when aiming to reduce ST disparities in youth.

Human-like enamel growth in Homo naledi.

A modern pattern (rate and duration) of dental development occurs relatively recently during human evolution. Given the temporal overlap of Homo naledi with the first appearance of fossil Homo sapiens in Africa, this small-bodied and small-brained hominin presents an opportunity to elucidate the evolution of enamel growth in the hominin clade. Here we conduct the first histological study of two permanent mandibular canines and one permanent maxillary first molar, representing three individuals attributed to H. naledi. We reconstruct the rate and duration of enamel growth and compare these findings to those reported for other fossil hominins and recent humans. Thin sections of each tooth were produced using standard histological methods. Daily and longer period incremental markings were measured to reconstruct enamel secretion and extension rates, Retzius periodicity, canine crown and molar cusp formation time. Daily enamel secretion rates overlapped with those from recent hominins. Canine crown formation time is similar to that observed in recent Europeans but is longer than canine formation times reported for most other hominins including Australopithecus and H. neanderthalensis. The extended period of canine formation appears to be due to a relatively tall enamel crown and a sustained slow rate of enamel extension in the cervical portion of the crown. A Retzius periodicity of 11 days for the canines, and nine days for the molar, in H. naledi parallel results found in recent humans. An 11-day periodicity has not been reported for Late Pleistocene Homo (H. erectus, H. neanderthalensis) and is rarely found in Australopithecus and Paranthropus species. Enamel growth of H. naledi is most similar to recent humans though comparative data are limited for most fossil hominin species. The high Retzius periodicity values do not follow expectations for a small-brained hominin.

Bright spectroscopic binaries: III. Binary systems with orbital periods of P &gt; 500 days

AbstractWe present an analysis of nine bright spectroscopic binaries (HD 1585, HD 6613, HD 12390, HD 39923, HD 55201, HD 147430, HD 195543, HD 202699, HD 221643), which have orbital periods of days. These well‐separated binaries are the last stars of our sample that we observed with the TIGRE telescope obtaining intermediate‐resolution spectra of . We applied the same method as described in our previous publication of this series. For the analysis of the radial velocity curves, we used the toolkit RadVel, which allowed us to determine all orbital parameters. Recently published orbital solutions of some systems from Gaia DR3 agree with our results. However, our solutions have much smaller uncertainties. We determined the basic stellar parameters of the primary stars with our automatic script using iSpec. The parameter determination allowed us to place all nine stars in the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram. We found that all stars have already evolved to the giant phase. A comparison with stellar evolution tracks of the Eggleton code was applied to determine the stellar masses and ages. As a result of our analysis, we were able to estimate the masses of the secondary stars and the orbital inclinations of the binary systems.

Epithelial mesenchymal transition in human menstruation and implantation.

The endometrium during the sexual cycle undergoes detachment, tissue remodeling, and differentiation during the menstrual cycle. Localized and transient destruction and regeneration of endometrial tissue are also essential for pregnancy. It is possible to attribute many causes of failure in infertility treatment to the implantation stage. To improve the success rate of plateau fertility treatment, it is important to understand the regeneration mechanism of the endometrium, a unique regenerative tissue in the human body. In association with cell proliferation, tissue remodeling requires the relocation of proliferative cells, and the steady-state epithelial cells need to be motile for the relocation. Transient add-on motile activity in epithelial cells is mediated by epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and reversible mesenchymal to epithelial transition (MET). The destruction and regeneration of endometrial tissue over a period of days to weeks requires a system with a rapid and characteristic mechanism similar to that of wound healing. Here, I review the relationship between the well-known phenomenon of EMT in wound healing and endometrial tissue remodeling during the sexual cycle and pregnancy establishment, which are automatically triggered by menstruation and embryonal invasion.

Entomopathogenicity ofSimplicillium lanosoniveumCG888 on Mortality ofCallosobruchus maculatusF. in vitro

Research regardingSimplicillium lanosoniveumas an entomopathogen is still limited. The entomopathogenicity ofSimplicillium lanosoniveumCG888 with three different conidia density treatments, namely 1x106/ml, 1x107/ml, and 1x108/ml, was tested onCallosobruchus maculatusF. imago in the laboratory, incubated at 26-27°C, RH 70% and in the dark conditions. Based on the effect of conidia density,S. lanosoniveumCG888 at a density of 1x108conidia/ml caused greater mortality ofC. maculatusF, reaching 51.65% compared to other treatments and control. The influence of the length of time after inoculation was that there was 60.83%C. maculatusF. death on the 11thday. It was higher than the result on 3, 5, 7 and 9 days later. There was a positive interaction that the mortality ofC. maculatusF was influenced by the density ofS. lanosoniveumCG888 conidia and the period of days after inoculation. Among these treatments,S. lanosoniveumCG888 with 1x108/ml caused mortality of 86,7% inC. maculatuson day 11 after inoculation. The lowest mortality ofC. maculatusF. was in the density of 1x106conidia/ml of 70%. These findings indicate thatS. lanosoniveumCG888 can be used to controlC. maculatusF. safely and reduce the use of chemicals in soybean storage.

Research on the Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Block Vitality based on LBS Data and the Impact Mechanisms of the Built Environment -Taking the Third Ring Road in Fuzhou City as an example

Using location-based services (LBS) data from the third ring area in Fuzhou city, this study analyzes the spatiotemporal characteristics of block vitality by measuring the density of active population gatherings. It explores the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of block vitality based on a geographically and temporally weighted autoregressive model (GTWAR), considering built environment features such as POI density, functional mix, and road network density. Additionally, it investigates their interactions using a geographic detector and compares differences between weekdays and weekends across five daily periods. Key findings include:(1) The overall urban vitality in the region exhibits a spatial pattern of “one core, two centers, multiple sub-centers, and multiple clusters” and undergoes spatiotemporal dynamic changes across five periods, characterized by ‘dispersion, agglomeration, deep agglomeration, and dispersion.” (2) The marginal effects of POI density, functional mix, and road network density on block vitality exhibit instability in both spatial and temporal dimensions.(3)Interaction effects between two factors exert a more significant impact on block vitality than the effects of individual factors, with interaction types including dual-factor enhancement and nonlinear enhancement.(4)Differences exist in the spatiotemporal characteristics of block vitality, built environment influences, and their interactions between weekdays and weekends.

A COMPARISON OF ARCH MODELS: THE DETERMINANTS OF BITCOIN’S PRICE

The aim of this study is to determine the number of transactions among the currencies, which will eventually become a part of our lives, cannot be physically held, can move quickly, and emerge as a new shopping and investment tool in the changing world order, as of the year (2023) when this study was conducted. The study focuses on the analysis of the variables that affect the most popular currency, Bitcoin. Although the analysis of variables that influence Bitcoin was determined as the primary aim of the study, the study also attempted to reach a general conclusion about the variables affected by the cryptocurrencies. Since there is no other cryptocurrency that is traded as much as Bitcoin, Bitcoin is thought to be a good model for the analysis of cryptocurrencies. The method used in the study was autoregressive conditional heteroskedastic (ARCH) models. It is believed that the most suitable models for the Bitcoin variable, whose value changes every second, are ARCH and its derivatives. Other models selected from the ARCH models were also added to the analysis as a method. The models used in the study can be listed as follows: linear ARC, generalized ARC (GARCH), exponential GARCH and threshold GARCH. A statistical model called autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (ARCH) is used to study the volatility of time series. Through the provision of a volatility model that more closely mimics actual markets, ARCH modeling is utilized in the financial sector to quantify risk. According to ARCH modeling, periods of high volatility are followed by even higher volatility, and periods of low volatility are followed by even lower volatility. In this study, 5 different variables were selected using literature to analyze the variables affecting Bitcoin returns using ARCH models. The dependent variable in the study is the price of Bitcoin. The remaining variables were included in the models as independent variables. These variables are actually variables that are accepted and selected as the best among a set of variables. In other words, 15 variables were first added to the study using the literature. After this, a correlation analysis was carried out. As a result of the correlation analysis, the variables with the highest correlation with the price of Bitcoin, which is the dependent variable, and the lowest correlation with each other were retained in the model. These variables are Bitcoin Price, Crude Oil Spot Price, Euro-Dollar Parity, Gold Spot Price and NASDAQ Composite Index. The study period is between 2020 and 2023 and it was studied using daily data. Days with no data were removed from the daily period from 2020 to 2023 and loss of information was prevented. After removing missing observations, this study examined the remaining 837 observations. During the research, while running the models created using different methods, it was found that the model that gives the best result is the GARCH model. In other words, when modeling the variables affecting bitcoin (cryptocurrency from the perspective of the population), it was seen that the GARCH model gave the best results when comparing linear ARCH, generalized ARCH (GARCH), exponential GARCH, and threshold GARCH of the ARCH model. Comparing the output of the GARCH model with other ARCH models not included in this study can be a recommendation for the future study

Growth and survival of Betta splendens fed microbial aggregates from ex-situ biofloc technology (BFT).

The betta (Betta splendens) is a carnivorous ornamental species that requires live food. In this study, we evaluated the growth and survival of Betta splendens fingerlings fed ex-situ biofloc (BFT). A total of 375 fingerlings (8.3 ± 4.1 mg and 0.8 ± 0.14 cm) were distributed into 15-L plastic tanks (n=25), with five replicates for each of the following treatments: (i) exclusive live food (LF100), (ii) exclusive biofloc (BFT100), (iii) live food supplemented with biofloc (LF100-BFT100), and a reduction of 15% (iv) and 30% (v) in live food with biofloc supplementation (LF85-BFT100 and LF70-BFT100, respectively). The fish were fed newly hatched brine shrimp (Artemia spp. nauplii) and/or fresh biofloc, twice daily, over a 16-day experimental period. Dietary supplementation of Beta splendens with ex-situ BFT (LF100-BFT100, LF85-BFT100, and LF70-BFT100) resulted in a similar final weight (P>0.05) compared to exclusive brine shrimp (LF100). Regarding total length, the fish in the LF100-BFT100 group were superior to those in the LF100 group (P<0.05). The LF100 and LF100-BFT100 groups showed survival rates of 100% and 98.4%, respectively, which were not statistically different (P>0.05). For all analyzed variables, fish exclusively fed biofloc (BFT100) exhibited unfavorable performance. These results indicate that dietary ex-situ biofloc supplementation, without reducing the supply of live food, can be an interesting alternative in the rearing of Betta splendens since biofloc improves growth performance and maintains a good survival rate.

Joint association of daily rest periods and sleep duration with sick leave: a one-year prospective cohort study of daytime employees in Japan.

Daily rest period (DRP) refers to the interval between the end of one workday and the start of the next. This study examined the joint association of DRP and sleep duration with subsequent sick leave among Japanese daytime employees. Participants (n=5,593) were measured for DRP and sleep duration at baseline and for sick leave at 1-year follow-up. They were categorized into 10 groups based on their DRP and daily sleep duration. Logistic regression analyses for individuals experiencing sick leave for longer than a month showed that the combination of short DRP (<11 h) and sleep duration (<6 h) had a higher odds ratio (4.981, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.126-22.046) than the reference group. Furthermore, the combination of short DRP and normal sleep duration had a higher odds ratio (8.152, 95% CI = 1.801-36.902) than the reference group. Short DRP was associated with subsequent long sick leave.

Awakenings in triplicate: in ontogeny, after immobility, and to the presence of a congener. Comments on Ilan Golani's concept of the mobility gradient.

Golani's concept of the "mobility gradient" describes the unfolding of motor behavior after immobility and in ontogeny. The two processes run parallel and are similar across vertebrates. In both time scales, the trend is for the behavior to progressively become enriched, cover more dimensions (motor expansion) and become less dependent on external stimuli (stimulus-bound). This paper addresses the question whether the gradient extends into social, interactive behavior. Observation of natural groups larger than dyads may help answering that question. As an example, the natural social behavior of a fish, Pethia nigrofasciata is described in some detail. It is concluded that their motor behavior expands in the course of their daily spawning period.

Daily and Trait personality Assessments’ relationship with Daily experiences of stress risk and resilience factors

Personality predicts individual differences in stress risk and resilience factors, but these associations are often examined via global trait measures, which may not capture how associations unfold in daily life, especially for older adults whose global ratings may not be weighted towards their current experiences. The current study used intensive measurements in a sample of older adults to investigate how daily and trait measures of extraversion and neuroticism related to daily occurrences of a stress risk (stressors) and resilience (social interactions. Participants (N = 201; ages 70–93) completed a trait personality measure and then a 16-day ecological momentary assessment period during which they reported on the occurrence of stressors and social interactions and completed daily assessments of extraversion and neuroticism. Multilevel model results showed that Social Interactions were predicted positively by Daily Extraversion at the within- and between-person levels, and negatively by Daily Neuroticism at the within-person level, but that global measures of these traits did not show significant relationships. Conversely, Stressors were predicted negatively at the within-person level by Daily Extraversion and positively at the within-person level by Daily Neuroticism. Although Trait Extraversion did not significantly relate to Stressors, Trait Neuroticism showed a significant positive relationship with Stressors at the between-person level. Results illustrate how fluctuation in the manifestation of personality as measured with daily assessments relates meaningfully to daily experiences of stress risk and resilience factors, and may not always be captured by global measures in older adults.

Analyzing GOES-R ABI BRDF-adjusted EVI2 time series by comparing with VIIRS observations over the CONUS

The Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) instruments onboard the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-R series (GOES-R) provide new opportunities to expand their applications in global terrestrial ecology and environmental sciences. It offers a 5–15 min temporal resolution and 0.5–1 km spatial resolution that greatly benefit those environmental applications where spatial resolution can be compromised in favor of more frequent imagery. However, ABI captures reflected radiation at varying sun positions throughout the day, causing significant diurnal variations. The varying off-nadir view across ABI full disk presents further challenges for generating comparable and consistent vegetation observations, such as the two-band Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI2). To address these challenges, three Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) models (RossThick-LiSparse-Reciprocal (RTLSR), Walthall, and Tian models) are examined to generate high-quality BRDF-adjusted EVI2 based on GeoNEX GOES-16 ABI surface reflectance. The ABI BRDF retrievals are then systematically compared to the corresponding VIIRS (Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite) Nadir BRDF-Adjusted Reflectance (NBAR) products (VNP43 V001) retrieved from RTLSR model. The viewing geometry effects are further analyzed over various land cover types using time series analysis, Pearson Correlation Coefficients (PCC), and Relative Difference (RD) between ABI and VIIRS high-quality time series inversions. The results indicate that the RTLSR model fits well the diurnal ABI observed reflectance and EVI2 values (even for the hot-spot phenomena), and outperforms the Walthall and Tian models for generating ABI high-quality BRDF retrievals with consistently low Root Mean Square Error (RMSE<0.02) and Weight of Determination (WoD < 0.5) across the CONUS. The annual proportion of ABI high-quality BRDF retrievals with a 3-day moving window using the RTLSR model is spatially and statistically comparable to that of VIIRS NBAR with a 16-day retrieval period. Compared to the time series of high-quality VIIRS NBAR EVI2, the BRDF adjusted ABI EVI2 time series still show considerable impacts of view zenith angles over evergreen forest, shrubland, and savanna pixels. However, such impacts are not significant over spatially homogeneous pixels such as cropland and deciduous forests. These results emphasize the need for BRDF correction when considering the impact of off-nadir observations from geostationary satellites on vegetation monitoring. They also demonstrate the advantages of geostationary satellites in capturing rapid changes in greenness trajectories.

PROLONGED DAILY FASTING TIMES ARE BEST WHEN COMBINED WITH CALORIE RESTRICTION FOR HEALTH AND SURVIVAL

Abstract Emerging new evidence highlights the importance of prolonged daily fasting periods for the health and survival benefits of calorie restriction (CR) and time-restricted feeding (TRF) in male mice; however, little is known about the impact of these feeding regimens in females. Using a carousel feeder system that enables controlling the duration, amount, and timing of food availability, we show that mice on CR had a robust physiological response and decreased progression of malignant neoplasms and severity of inflammatory diseases in the lung compared to TRF. CR is associated with a unique serum metabolomics signature in overnight-fasted animals compared to TRF. The systemic impact of CR and TRF regimens measured from covariation of serum metabolites with energetics and healthspan metrics indicates that daytime (rest-phase) feeding with prolonged fasting periods initiated late in life confers greater benefits when combined with an imposed lower energy intake.

Unexpected contribution of cloud seeding to NPP increase during drought

Abstract Cloud seeding is generally used to secure additional water resources, which is not an easy goal to achieve, as the spatial variability of rainfall is high. Instead, the increased rain may moisten the neighboring forest. This study focuses on this situation and estimates the possible increase in the net primary production (NPP) due to cloud seeding. This study considers the Boryeong Dam basin in Korea as a study area and uses the Carnegie–Ames–Stanford Approach (CASA) model to estimate the NPP at 8-day intervals. As a result, first, the increase of the current 8-day NPP is greater when the rainfall amount during the last 16-day period is 50 mm or more. The mean increase of the 8-day NPP is estimated at about 1.873 g/m2 of carbon. Second, the increase of the NPP with the target 16-day rainfall of 50 mm is estimated at about 3%, which is about 4% with the target 16-day rainfall of 100 mm. Simply extrapolating the derived result to the entire forest in Korea, the increased carbon accumulation can be extended to about 0.6 and 0.8% of the total carbon emission in 2018, respectively. These amounts correspond to about 1.2 and 1.5% of the target amount of carbon reduction by 2030 in Korea.

Novel comparative methodology of hybrid support vector machine with meta-heuristic algorithms to develop an integrated candlestick technical analysis model

PurposeThe proposed model has been aimed to predict stock market signals by designing an accurate model. In this sense, the stock market is analysed by the technical analysis of Japanese Candlestick, which is combined by the following meta heuristic algorithms: support vector machine (SVM), meta-heuristic algorithms, particle swarm optimization (PSO), imperialist competition algorithm (ICA) and genetic algorithm (GA).Design/methodology/approachIn addition, among the developed algorithms, the most effective one is chosen to determine probable sell and buy signals. Moreover, the authors have proposed comparative results to validate the designed model in this study with the same basic models of three articles in the past. Hence, PSO is used as a classification method to search the solution space absolutelyand with the high speed of running. In terms of the second model, SVM and ICA are examined by the time. Where the ICA is an improver for the SVM parameters. Finally, in the third model, SVM and GA are studied, where GA acts as optimizer and feature selection agent.FindingsResults have been indicated that, the prediction accuracy of all new models are high for only six days, however, with respect to the confusion matrixes results, it is understood that the SVM-GA and SVM-ICA models have correctly predicted more sell signals, and the SCM-PSO model has correctly predicted more buy signals. However, SVM-ICA has shown better performance than other models considering executing the implemented models.Research limitations/implicationsIn this study, the authors to analyze the data the long length of time between the years 2013–2021, makes the input data analysis challenging. They must be changed with respect to the conditions.Originality/valueIn this study, two methods have been developed in a candlestick model, they are raw based and signal-based approaches which the hit rate is determined by the percentage of correct evaluations of the stock market for a 16-day period.

Shift in risk factors for mortality by period of the bloodstream infection timeline

BackgroundThis study was designed to determine changes in risk factors on the prognosis of patients during each period of the bloodstream infection (BSI) timeline. MethodsThrough an integrated study of multivariable regressions with machine learning techniques, the risk factors for mortality during each period of BSI were analyzed. ResultsA total of 302,303 inpatients who underwent blood cultures during 2011–2021 were enrolled. More than 8 % of BSI cases progressed to subsequent BSI, and risk factors were identified as gut colonization with vancomycin-resistant enterococci (aOR 1.82; 95 % CI 1.47–2.24), intensive care unit admission (aOR 3.37; 95 % CI 3.35–4.28), and current cancer chemotherapy (aOR 1.54; 95 % CI 1.36–1.74). The mean SOFA score of the deceased patients during the first 7 days was 10.6 (SD 4.3), which was significantly higher than those on days 8–30 (7.0 ± 4.2) and after Day 30 (4.0 ± 3.5). BSIs caused by Acinetobacter baumannii and Candida albicans were more likely to result in deaths of patients for all time periods (all, P < 0.001). BSIs caused by Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium were associated with a poor outcome in the period after Day 30 (both, P < 0.001). Nonsusceptible phenotypes to β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitors of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae influenced the prognoses of patients with BSI in terms of high mortality rates during both days 8–30 and after Day 30. ConclusionInfluence of microbiological factors on mortality, including BSI-causative microorganisms and their major antimicrobial resistance, was emphasized in both periods of days 8–30 and after Day 30.

TOI-5344 b: A Saturn-like Planet Orbiting a Super-solar Metallicity M0 Dwarf

We confirm the planetary nature of TOI-5344 b as a transiting giant exoplanet around an M0-dwarf star. TOI-5344 b was discovered with the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite photometry and confirmed with ground-based photometry (the Red Buttes Observatory 0.6 m telescope), radial velocity (the Habitable-zone Planet Finder), and speckle imaging (the NN-Explore Exoplanet Stellar Speckle Imager). TOI-5344 b is a Saturn-like giant planet (ρ = 0.80 g cm−3) with a planetary radius of 9.7 ± 0.5 R ⊕ (0.87 ± 0.04 R Jup) and a planetary mass of (0.42 ). It has an orbital period of days and an orbital eccentricity of . We measure a high metallicity for TOI-5344 of [Fe/H] = 0.48 ± 0.12, where the high metallicity is consistent with expectations from formation through core accretion. We compare the metallicity of the M-dwarf hosts of giant exoplanets to that of M-dwarf hosts of nongiants (≲8 R ⊕). While the two populations appear to show different metallicity distributions, quantitative tests are prohibited by various sample caveats.

Feasibility of Remote Automated Verbal Paired Associate (VPA) Learning Over Repeated Exposure (LORE)

AbstractBackgroundLearning over repeated exposure (LORE) in periods of days or months has been shown in recent studies to be sensitive to amyloid load where short‐term learning tested in immediate recall was not (Samaroo et al., 2020). Prior LORE studies have used visual presentations of words, non‐words, and faces. We addressed the feasibility of using validated verbal paired associate (VPA) stimuli in an automated LORE task, with verbal delivery and scoring performed by our NeuroVocalix system using text‐to‐speech (TTS) and automated speech recognition (ASR). Previously we have shown that using a word‐pair memorability model based on natural language characteristics to generate sets of VPA word‐pairs of equivalent memorability allows for repeated testing with interchangeable stimulus sets. Here we explore the use of one such set in an adaptation of VPA that assesses LORE rather than immediate recall and shows promising results.MethodIn this pilot study, we assessed memory performance in 20 older adults (10m, 10f) aged 65+ years, (M = 70.7, SD = 4.65), recruited using the Prolific online platform with the test delivered using our proprietary system. The task for participants was to learn a set of eight word‐pair associations over a burst of five days. On the first day, participants heard the word‐pair set, and were immediately tested for recall of that set. On days two, three, and four of the study, participants first attempted cued recall of the eight word‐pairs, after which the set was presented again, and the session ended. On the final day, cued recall was tested for the last time.ResultOn the first day, immediate recall scores were in line with first attempt VPA scores observed in validation work. On the second day of the series, scores fell through forgetting, and then learning over three further exposures showed monotonically increasing recall scores with neither ceiling nor floor effects across the group. Adherence was excellent, with 99% of sessions successfully completed, and participants reported high enjoyment of the task and eager anticipation of sessions.ConclusionVPA‐form LORE using our validated VPA word‐pair stimuli performs well and shows promising task characteristics in a representative sample.

Feasibility of Remote Automated Verbal Paired Associate (VPA) Learning Over Repeated Exposure (LORE)

AbstractBackgroundLearning over repeated exposure (LORE) in periods of days or months has been shown in recent studies to be sensitive to amyloid load where short‐term learning tested in immediate recall was not (Samaroo et al., 2020). Prior LORE studies have used visual presentations of words, non‐words, and faces. We addressed the feasibility of using validated verbal paired associate (VPA) stimuli in an automated LORE task, with verbal delivery and scoring performed by our NeuroVocalix system using text‐to‐speech (TTS) and automated speech recognition (ASR). Previously we have shown that using a word‐pair memorability model based on natural language characteristics to generate sets of VPA word‐pairs of equivalent memorability allows for repeated testing with interchangeable stimulus sets. Here we explore the use of one such set in an adaptation of VPA that assesses LORE rather than immediate recall and shows promising results.MethodIn this pilot study, we assessed memory performance in 20 older adults (10m, 10f) aged 65+ years, (M = 70.7, SD = 4.65), recruited using the Prolific online platform with the test delivered using our proprietary system. The task for participants was to learn a set of eight word‐pair associations over a burst of five days. On the first day, participants heard the word‐pair set, and were immediately tested for recall of that set. On days two, three, and four of the study, participants first attempted cued recall of the eight word‐pairs, after which the set was presented again, and the session ended. On the final day, cued recall was tested for the last time.ResultOn the first day, immediate recall scores were in line with first attempt VPA scores observed in validation work. On the second day of the series, scores fell through forgetting, and then learning over three further exposures showed monotonically increasing recall scores with neither ceiling nor floor effects across the group. Adherence was excellent, with 99% of sessions successfully completed, and participants reported high enjoyment of the task and eager anticipation of sessions.ConclusionVPA‐form LORE using our validated VPA word‐pair stimuli performs well and shows promising task characteristics in a representative sample.

PENGARUH AKTIVITAS FOREIGN BUY DAN FOREIGN SELL TERHADAP HARGA SAHAM EMITEN SEKTOR PERBANKAN MILIK NEGARA PADA INDEKS LQ45 DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA

This study aims to determine the effect of foreign buy and foreign sell activity on government bank companies stock price in LQ45 of Indonesia Stock Exchange. This research focuses on daily period from 1 January 2022 to 31 January 2022 with 4 companies as the population. Determination of the sample was done by saturation sampling method and 4 companies were chosen. This type of research is quantitative research. The type of data used is secondary data that collected from stock securities firm named ‘Ajaib’ using documentation and literature methods. The data is presented with panel data which will be processed using multiple linier regression analysis method through Eviews 12. The results of this study indicate that foreign buy activities has a positive significant effect towards stock price and foreign sell activities has negative but not significant effects on stock prices. Based on the results of the F test, the conclusion is foreign buy and foreign sell activities has a significant effect on stock prices