Active Vegetation Period Research Articles

Фотосинтетическая активность Polytrichum commune Hedw. (Polytrichaceae, Bryophyta) в условиях Хибинских гор

This paper presents data on the content of plastid pigments, the photosynthetic intensity and the assimilation number in Polytrichum commune Hedw. shoots of different ages in the Khibiny forest belt (PABGI, 67°38׳48״N, 33°38׳51״E) are presented. The concentration of chlorophylls changes seasonally: in this year’s shoots — gradually increases, reaching the highest value by fall; in the last year’s shoots — increases by the middle of the active vegetation period and does not change until the onset of cold weather. After overwintering, the pigment content in the shoots was 21 % lower. During the active vegetation period, the photosynthetic intensity in this year’s shoots is in 1,6 times higher than in the last year’s shoots. In autumn, the photosynthetic activity of the last year’s shoots is 2 times lower than in this year’s shoots. During the active vegetation period, the сhlorophyll’s efficiency is higher in this year’s shoots. Chlorophyll’s efficiency (assimilation number) in P. commune shoots of different ages in early spring is in 2 times higher than in fall.

Эколого-физиологическая характеристика сосудистых растений арктических тундр Западного Шпицбергена

The results of long-term studies of the ecological and physiological features of vascular plants in the Arctic tundra on the island of Spitsbergen are presented. Data on the content of plastid pigments for 98 vascular plants species from 20 families. The range of chlorophyll content is 0,4–2,6 mg / g of fresh weight. The relationship between the content of pigments and some indicators of functional activity of Arctic plants is analyzed. The content of flavonoids in the leaves of 63 species of vascular plants was studied. It is shown that 85 % of the studied species have high and medium values (4–11 %) of the flavonoid content. This is 2–3 times higher than in similar species of the Kola Subarctic. The composition of lipids in the leaves of the dominant and rare plant species of the Arctic tundra during the active vegetation period is analyzed. It was found that the dominance of saturated or unsaturated fatty acids in total lipids depends on the cold resistance of plant species and their representation in the ecotopes of the studied territory.

Main directions and issues of durum winter wheat breeding under climate changing

The current paper has presented the study results (2015–2020) of the influence of changing weather conditions on durum winter wheat productivity and grain quality. The purpose of the study was to identify the main stress factors limiting durum winter wheat productivity under changing climate conditions and to determine the direction and issues for further breeding. The objects of the study were the varieties ‘Amazonka’, ‘Agat Donskoy’, ‘Kristella’, ‘Lazurit’, ‘Oniks’, ‘Diona’, ‘Eyrena’, ‘Yakhont’, ‘Kiprida’, ‘Yubilyarka’, ‘Yantarina’, ‘Uslada’, ‘Donchanka’ (a standard variety) developed by the FSBSI Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”. There have been studied the meteorological data (average daily temperatures and precipitation) through the years of study as well. On the basis of the analysis, there have been established main stress factors of these years that affected productivity, namely drought in different vegetation periods with the pre-sowing and sowing periods in August and September of 2019; the periods ‘sprouts-tillering’ in October, December and the periods ‘tillering-stem extension’ in March, April; grain filling period in 2020; atmospheric drought during the period of active vegetation in April, June of 2018; excessive moisture with rainfalls and squally winds that caused lodging, diseases, grain flowing off and discoloration in 2014–2015, 2015–2016. The agricultural year 2016–2017 was the most favorable in terms of temperature regime, precipitation and their distribution (at the level of the long-term average), with an average varietal productivity of 9.49 t/ha. Yield decrease depending on this or that stress factor (in comparison with the favorable year of 2017) was on 54.5% in 2019, 32.5% in 2020 and on 21.4 in 2015 and 27.2% in 2016. The exception was the year of 2018, when with sufficient soil moisture, productivity was on 26.3% more than in 2017. Due to the study results of winter durum wheat varieties according to their traits and properties to the indicated stress factors in 2015–2020, there have been identified the issues for each direction, the solution of which will be aimed at developing stress-resistant, resistant to lodging and diseases varieties with large stable yields and high grain quality.

Climate aridization within Chelyabinsk Region in the mid-20th and early 21th Centuries

The features of spatial distribution of heat and water availability on the territory of the Chelyabinsk Region for the period of the mid-20th century and the beginning of the 21st century have been studied. The boundaries of changes in temperature zones for the indicated periods are shown, as well as changes in the boundaries of moisture in the territory and its displacement. The indices of the hydrothermal coefficients for the study area are calculated, the leading factors determining the hydrothermal coefficient for the period of active vegetation, as well as the dynamics directions are indicated. It has been established that the distribution of temperatures and precipitation in the territory of the Chelyabinsk Region is subject to seasonal fluctuations. At the same time, thermal conditions indicate tendencies for an increase in aridization of the southern territories, while humidification conditions, on the contrary, are dispersed in nature and are determined by both active atmospheric circulation and regional reasons.

Climate Change and Internet of Things Technologies—Sustainable Premises of Extending the Culture of the Amurg Cultivar in Transylvania—A Use Case for Târnave Vineyard

Known for its dry and semi-dry white wine, the Târnave vineyard located in central Transylvania is challenged by the current climate change, which has resulted in an increase of the period of active vegetation by approximately 15–20 days, the average annual temperature by 1–1.5 °C and also the amount of useful temperatures (useful thermal balance for the grapevine). Furthermore, the frost periods have been reduced. Transylvania is an important Romanian region for grapevine cultivation. In this context, one can use the climatic changes to expand their wine assortment by cultivating an autochthonous grapevine variety called Amurg. Amurg is a red grape cultivar homologated at SCDVV Blaj, which also homologated 7 cultivars and 11 clones. Because viticulture depends on the stability of meteorological and hydrological parameters of the growing area, its foundations are challenged by climate change. Grapevine production is a long time investment, taking at least five years before the freshly planted vines produce the desired quality berries. We propose the implementation of a climate change-based precision viticulture turn-key solution for environmental monitoring in the Târnave vineyard. This solution aims to evaluate the grapevine’s micro-climate to extend the sustainable cultivation of the Amurg red grapes cultivar in Transylvania with the final goal of obtaining Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) rosé and red wines from this region. Worldwide, the changing conditions from the existing climate (a 30-year average), used in the past hundred years to dictate local standards, such as new and erratic trends of temperature and humidity regimes, late spring freezes, early fall frosts, storms, heatwaves, droughts, area wildfires, and insect infestations, would create dynamic problems for all farmers to thrive. These conditions will make it challenging to predict shifts in each of the components of seasonal weather conditions. Our proposed system also aims to give a solution that can be adapted to other vineyards as well.

Surface energy balance and flux partitioning of annual crops in southwestern France

In the micrometeorology community, it is well known that the turbulent fluxes measured with eddy covariance (EC) systems do not usually equal the available energy. Hence, qualitative knowledge of the impact of different vegetation types, and climatic variables on this ‘nonclosure’ is essential. This study analyzed a unique database of EC flux measurements covering 8 growing seasons of 3 crops (maize, wheat, and rapeseed) cultivated over two close agricultural sites (FR-Lam and FR-Aur) in southwestern France. For data analysis, some dry and wet cropping seasons of the same crop type were selected; then, their phenological stages were identified to investigate their effect on the energy balance closure (EBC), and flux partitioning. The results showed that the systematic effect of each site on the EBC was stronger than the influence of crop type and stage, as EBC was generally higher at FR-Aur (82%) than at FR-Lam (67%), even for the same crop type. The assessed effect of rainfall, and phenological stages on energy partitioning revealed that during the wet seasons, over 42% of the net radiation (Rn) was accounted for by the latent heat flux (LE), which was 9% higher than the recorded LE in the dry year during the active vegetation period. Similarly, the ground heat flux (G) was observed to be very sensitive to vegetation; G accounted for 30% of Rn when vegetation was low, whereas at the peak of vegetation, it fell below 16% due to canopy shading. Closure was also assessed under various atmospheric stability conditions and wind sectors, and it was observed to be higher under unstable conditions, and in prevailing wind directions. Analysis of the sensible heat advection (AH) revealed that AH accounts for more than half of the imbalance at both sites.

Assessment of urban pine forests state using the vegetation index NDVI

The condition of the vegetation cover in Moscow was estimated using the NDVI vegetation index. To construct synthetic images, Landsat 5, 7, and 8 multispectral satellite images taken during the active vegetation period from 1999 to 2019 were used. Index indicators are calculated for pine forests located in protected areas, in urban parks among high-rise buildings and inside private low-rise building districts. The results showed differences in the NDVI values between these three types of birch forests, however, temporal trends show similar dynamics of changes in the physiological state of trees over the studied period.

First freshwater microcrustacean record in the bottom sediments of arctic ponds in Bellsund area (SW Spitsbergen)

First finds of small freshwater Crustacea in southern Bellsund (SW Spitsbergen) are presented. The remains of seven species of ostracods and three species of cladocerans were recovered from the bottom sediments of seven ponds in the region. The most abundant Arctocypris fuhrmanni Petkovski, Scharf and Keyser, 2016 was accompanied by the most widespread Candona rectangulata Alm, 1914, Limnocythere liporeticulata Delorme, 1968 and Tonnacypris glacialis (Sars, 1890) which are endemic to Arctic regions. New to the area Tonnacypris cf. mazepovae (Van der Meeren, Khand and Martens, 2009) was also encountered, being the first record of this species outside Northern Mongolia. Cladocerans were represented by the remains of Chydorus sphaericus (Müller, 1776), Daphnia pulex group Leydig, 1860 and Bosmina longirostris (Müller, 1785) for the first time noted in the bottom sediments in Spitsbergen.Significant differences in crustacean distribution occurred both between and within studied ponds presumably connected with the duration of active vegetation period and/or melt water delivery. The physical and chemical properties of the hostwater and/or some post-depositional processes could also affect the microcrustacean faunal distribution.

The pigment complex and photosynthetic activity in the annual cycle of Polytrichum commune in the forest belt of the Khibiny Mountains on the Kola Peninsula of Russia

This paper presents data on the content and ratio of pigments, photosynthesis rate, and assimilation number throughout the annual cycle of Polytrichum commune in the forest belt of the Khibiny Mountains. It is shown that the activity of the pigment complex in the photosynthetic organs of P. commune is preserved and maintained over 2 years. The highest content of plastid pigments in this year’s shoots was recorded in fall, in the past year’s shoots in the summer. In winter, the content of chlorophylls in the photosynthetic organs of this year’s shoots decreased in 1.5 times relative to the summer maximum, and carotenoids - in 1.4 times. In the past year’s shoots, no significant changes in the content of the pigments were noted. During the active vegetation period, the photosynthetic intensity in this year’s shoots is in 1.5 times as high as that in the past year’s shoots. At the end of the growing season in the past year’s shoots the value of LHC (76%) due to their immersion deep into the moss clumps and shading them with this year’s shoots. Chlorophyll’s efficiency (assimilation number) in P. commune shoots of different ages in early spring (April) is in 2 times as high as that in fall (October).

The influence of hydro-meteorological conditions on the spread of chicken cestodiasis

Today one of the important problems in poultry farming and bird keeping both in homesteads and on farms is the spread of endoparasites, which cause a significant decrease in productivity and significant economic damage. Raillietinosis and daveniosis are natural focal tape helminthiases that parasitize in the small intestine of poultry. The research on chicken cestodiasis was carried out on poultry farms in the south of Odessa Region of Ukraine during 2017 and 2019. 4219 chickens of different age groups were examined, which used walking areas, with 1965 chickens – in 2017 and 2254 – in 2019. To assess the wet and dry periods with daily average temperatures above 10 °C, that is the period of active vegetation, the Selyaninov hydrothermal coefficient (SHC) was used (1937), according to which the spread of chicken cestodiasis was determined. In the south of Odessa Region, the moderate and severe period increased from four to seven months, at which the hydrothermal coefficient amounted to 0.4–0.8. The period of sufficient moisture at a hydrothermal coefficient of 1.0–1.5 decreased from three months of 2017 to two months of 2019 and the hydrothermal coefficient was not calculated for five and three months, respectively. In 2017, the hatching of cestode eggs with bird manure was recorded for nine months: from March (10.1%) to November (5.8%) with high rates in June (27.2%) and September (37.1%), while in 2019, cestode eggs were recorded in February (12.7%) and up to December (2.4%), that is, for 11 months, with the highest rates in May (41.8%) and September (43.9%). The species composition of chicken cestodes is represented by four species: Raillietina echinobothrida (74.2%), which dominates due to a longer low hydrothermal coefficient, as well as R. tetragona (9.8%), R. cesticillus (10.8%) and Davainea proglottina (5.2%). The invasion of ants with cysticercoid R. echinobothrida in 2017 amounted to 19.6%, and in 2019 – 25.9% with an intensity of 1 to 4 specimens.

Ecological stability of triticale samples in the conditions of the Khabarovsk territory

The new grain crop triticale is of great interest for cultivation in the soil and climatic conditions of the middle Amur Region; therefore, this study assessed the environmental stability of yield formation for a collection of triticale samples. The varieties with the maximum yields identified in the study were the following: AC Certa (Canada), Lana (Belarus), Dagvo (Russia), Golden Scallop (Russia), Ulyana (Belarus), Uzor (Belarus), Lotos (Belarus), Mykola (Ukraine), Victoria (Ukraine), Sandio (Switzerland), Wanad (Poland) and Yarik (Russia). The AC Certa (Canada) variety was characterised by high demands on growing conditions (St2 = 0.69, A = 30.03) and unstable yield (1.8-7.0 t/ha). The Victoria (Ukraine) variety was characterised by high ecological stability of yield (St2 = 0.99, A = 27.45) in various years (2.5-3.1 t/ha). Results indicated that the yield formation of the collection samples were strongly dependent on weather conditions (R=0.554). Lastly, a model of spring triticale yield formation dependent on weather factors was constructed using regression analysis. The most significant climatic factor was photosynthetically active radiation during the active vegetation period

Applied methods for remote sensing of the Earth in the interests of agriculture of Russian Far East

The paper presents the methods (procedures) of processing data from satellites of the Landsat series, for classification and evaluation of agricultural land used for rice cultivation in the area of Lake Khanka, Primorsky Krai. Opportunities for using various vegetation indices for analysis are described, as well as their complex combinations that ensure most accurate identification of the considered culture during the entire period of active vegetation. The developed procedures provided foundation for analysing the growth dynamics of crops innate to the Far East, where the potential for using satellite data for agricultural needs remains practically untapped.

Seasonal Dynamics of the Chlorophyll and Carotenoid Content in the Leaves of Steppe and Forest Plants on Species and Community Level

The content of chlorophylls (Сhl) a and b and carotenoids (Сar) during the growing season was studied in the leaves of 31 species of steppe and forest plants. In contrast to forest plants, steppe plants possessed less chlorophylls and carotenoids per leaf mass (2 and 1.5 times, respectively), a low Сhl/Сar ratio, a greater (1.5 times) content of carotenoids per leaf area, and a high Сhl a/b ratio. In spite of the low chlorophyll content per leaf mass in steppe plants, their content per leaf area was similar to forest species (3–4 mg/dm2) owing to their thicker and denser leaves. This suggests that the plants of steppe and forest communities have the same potential ability to intercept solar energy in this locality. In the period of active vegetation (mid-June -early August), parameters of the pigment complex were stable both in steppe and forest communities. However, steppe plants demonstrated the modified in content of Car and Сhl b, as well as Сhl/Сar and Chl a/b ratios, in the beginning and at the end of the season that indicated a reorganization of the light-harvesting complex. Intraspecific variation of parameters during the season was two or three times lower than interspecific. High interspecific variation in forest plants were achieved due to the presence of species with thick long-lived leaves. It was concluded that the chlorophyll content per leaf area reflects the adaptation of plants to climatic conditions of the geographic region, whereas pigment contents per leaf mass shows adaptation to local irradiation in plant community (forest or steppe).

Quantification of Aucuba japonica Thunb. CO2 absorption for various moisture conditions

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of insufficient moisture supply on the absorption of carbon dioxide by Aucuba japonica Thunb., as well as the dynamics of the growth of phytomass and the amount of CO 2 absorbed by A. japonica at optimal moisture supply during the active growing season from May to September on the Southern coast of the Crimea, a region of dry subtropics. It was revealed that the carbon dioxide absorption rate and the growth rate of A. japonica phytomass begin to decrease when the soil moisture was below 60% of field capacity (FC). The maximum value of CO 2 absorption intensity by A. japonica leaves at optimal soil water supply was 0.95 mg/(cm 2 x day). At a soil water content of 15% FC, the CO 2 absorption rate decreased to 20% of the maximum CO2 absorption value, and the leaf biomass growth rate decreased by 25 times. The maximum monthly average amount of absorbed CO 2 during the period of active vegetation of the A. japonica plant was recorded in May and amounted to 0.83 mg/(cm 2 x day), and the maximum monthly average rate of increase in the volume of leaf phytomass (0.36 cm 3 /day) was noted in August. The phase of the most active growth of A. japonica phytomass occurs in August. It is possible to increase the growth rate of phytomass in August by lowering the air temperature, as well as increasing the relative humidity through drip irrigation.

Characteristic of natural vegetation kyzylkum

The material is devoted to the economic and biological characteristics of promising desert, semi-shrub halophytes to improve the saline lands of the Kyzylkum desert. Their vegetation usually begins in the fall, in winter cold time it often stops or stops; they develop most splendidly and intensively in the spring, and with the onset of water deficit in the meter layer of soil they manage to complete their vegetation. For each species, the following description order is adopted: the botanical family, the name of the genus and species, a brief morphological description, ecology, life form, species features, breeding method, chemical composition, nutritional and economic value. These lands are good pastures in pre-random and random periods. They are represented by annual solyanka and perennial solyanka species. This is a wooly solyanka, cartilage solyanka, donashur, etc. Most representatives containing toxic substances are also dangerous during the period of active vegetation (buttercups), whereas after the completion of their vegetation they practically become safe for animal health. The main purpose of this publication is to briefly and briefly describe the most common and frequently encountered species from among grasses, shrubs, shrubs, and annual hodgepodge. Along with a description of the nutritional benefits of individual species, if they are interesting in this regard, their medicinal, honey, decorative, dyeing and other economically useful properties are indicated.

Екологічна пластичність гібридів кукурудзи селекції ВНІС в умовах України

Changes in the temperature behavior during the period of active vegetation considerably affect the development and yield of agricultural crops, in particular, maize, and lead to significant fluctuations in its gross yield. Basing on studies of climate changes, experts have constructed a new map of agro-climatic zoning of the territory of Ukraine, which reflects the changes in the thermal regime in the regions over the past decades. Therefore, the main purpose of our study was to identify new maize hybrids that are adapted for cultivation in certain regions of Ukraine, with high overall adaptability and high yields in favorable conditions. The article presents the results of analyzing the data of the environmental trials of new maize hybrids, development by the “Ukrainian Scientific Institute of Plant Breeding” (VNIS, Kyiv, Ukraine), which were conducted in 5 regions of Ukraine. The trial location of maize hybrids was grouped by climatic conditions, and their suitability for maize growing was characterized. The variety of agro-climatic conditions and their distribution in the regions during the year made it possible to evaluate the hybrids’ yield potential as well as to assess their environmental plasticity and stability. Based on the results of the five- location studies, promising mid-early and mid-ripening maize hybrids with various environmental plasticity and yields of over 9.0 t/ha were distinguished. The response of hybrids with various plasticity to cultivation conditions differing in favorableness was determined. Based on the results of studying their ecological plasticity and stability, the promising hybrids are recommended for cultivation in certain regions of Ukraine.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ БИОХИМИЧЕСКОГО СОСТАВА БЕРЕЗЫ ПОВИСЛОЙ (BETULA PENDULA ROTH.) В УСЛОВИЯХ ТЕХНОГЕННОЙ СРЕДЫ

The results of studies of the peculiarities of the biochemical composition of silver birch, taking into account the exposure of the crown of a tree in the conditions of a large industrial centre of Naberezhnye Chelny (Republic of Tatarstan) are presented. The multivariate variance analysis of the research results showed that the studied parameters in the leaves of silver birch were significantly influenced by a complex of growing conditions, the growing season, exposure of the location of leaves and the interaction of these factors. In the main plantations in the leaves of the northern exposure, a higher concentration of ascorbic acid was noted during the entire period of active vegetation of plants, while the activity of ascorbate oxidase, on the contrary, was higher in the leaves of the southern exposure in June and July. In the plantations of sanitary protection zones of industrial enterprises and main plantations (July, August), a higher content of tannins in the leaves of the northern exposure was noted, compared to the leaves of the southern exposure. The activity of polyphenol oxidase in June in Sanzone plants in the leaves of northern exposure was the highest; in other cases, no significant differences were found. The investigated substances are important elements of the network of metabolic reactions of the antioxidant plant defense system aimed at compensating for the negative impact of the aggregate of air pollutants.

Results of studies of the coastal zone of Lake Ladoga in the area of Valaam Archipelago (1998–2019) at RSHU

Ecological monitoring data of pelagic communities and environmental factors for the coastal zone of the Valaam archipelago and also littoral and sublittoral samples analyses of contrasting hydrological conditions zones are generalized. Values ranges of the focused parameters have been identified for the unique coastal zone of Lake Ladoga with a significant biotopes diversity over than 20 years of research. Phyto- and zooplankton abundance relatively high indices are characteristic of water area closed from wind and wave mixing. This area is characterized by an active vegetation period of macrophytes and highly productive macrozoobenthos formation. According to the open water area temperature (conducted since 2013) continuous data (logger) observations, a significant average monthly temperature values interannual variability is shown, warm period duration with a surface water horizon temperature value more than 10 °C is equal to 100 days. In shallow closed areas, zooplankton biomass values differ strongly from another parts of the water area. However, in some cases, extremely high values of phytoplankton biomass (up to 29.5 mg / l) were observed in Lake Ladoga open areas, associated mostly with surges. In general, the phyto- and zooplankton biomass in the Valaam archipelago open areas coastal zone is comparable with the data for the northern Lake Ladoga deep-water area, for the closed areas biomass has been lower than the published earlier data for the coastal zone of the lake. Plankton quantitative development interannual differences are caused by the hydrological conditions of specific years. Despite the relatively small coastal zone area and macrophytesmosaic distribution, this community was characterized by a high species richness (more than half of the species recorded for Ladoga). In terms of quantitative characteristics, the invertebrates littoral communities are not less then to well-studied communities of the coastal area at depths up to a meter and significantly much bigger those observed in the open lake water area. The littoral fauna (including groups of larva insects, some crustaceans and molluscs) is observed in various conditions (10-12 m depth), thus, with macrophytes distribution data, it makes possible to expand the littoral boundary zone equals to 10 m depth, instead of the previously depth equals 8.5 m. The water area, for all studied biological communities, is classified as oligo-mesotrophic.

Effect of Climate Variability on Agro-climatic Potential of Landscapes of the Chechen Republic

The paper analyzes variability of the agro-climatic parameters of landscapes in the Chechen Republic, which are actively involved in agricultural production. The paper employs statistical and mathematical research methods. Due to climate aridization, agro-climatic conditions were found to deteriorate in 1965–2015 in the plain semi-desert and desert landscapes. Despite the improved thermal and moisture conditions in the plain steppe landscapes, the number of dangerous meteorological phenomena was observed to increase, including those detrimental to agriculture. Owing to the increased period of active vegetation of plants, agro-climatic conditions in the mountain-valley shrub-steppe landscapes of the republic improved compared to those observed in 1931–1960.

The influence of thermal conditions on potato yield in the administrative regions of the Republic of Belarus

The analysis of the dynamics of thermal conditions during 1961–1988 and 1989–2015, as well as the adjacent decade of the study period. Changes were estimated for the average temperatures of individual months of the year, high average and maximum daily temperatures, as well as for the duration of the active vegetation period and the sums of active temperatures. The established increase in average annual temperatures was 0.4 °С per decade. At the same time, in the first half of potato vegetation (May – June) the thermal trends are ambiguous, while in the second half (July – August) the increase of average air temperatures prevails. The increase in temperatures in the summer months is accompanied by an increase in the prevalence of negative thermal effects on potato yields, which is confirmed by negative correlation coefficients of potato yield deviations from trend lines and indicators such as the air temperature in July and the number of hot days (with an average temperature above 20 °С and a maximum temperature above 30 °С). Statistical reliability of correlation between potato yield deviations from trend lines and July temperatures is confirmed only in 1989 –2015 and covers 60 administrative districts. In these and most of the remaining areas, the correlation coefficients are negative. It is established that the proposed and justified critical value of the number of days with a maximum temperature above 30 °С (10 and more) determines more than a third of the negative deviations of potato yield in most of the country, and the probability of its negative impact in the modern period is 70 %. The decrease in average yield is 12.7 c/ha (8 %). It was found that the most unfavorable hot period occurs during the tuber formation and growth of potato tubers, in connection with which possible measures of adaptation of potatoes to temperature increase are proposed: the use of heat-resistant potato varieties, the shift of potato planting dates to earlier dates, irrigation (in the case of a combination of high temperatures with insufficient moisture).