Abstract
Today one of the important problems in poultry farming and bird keeping both in homesteads and on farms is the spread of endoparasites, which cause a significant decrease in productivity and significant economic damage. Raillietinosis and daveniosis are natural focal tape helminthiases that parasitize in the small intestine of poultry. The research on chicken cestodiasis was carried out on poultry farms in the south of Odessa Region of Ukraine during 2017 and 2019. 4219 chickens of different age groups were examined, which used walking areas, with 1965 chickens – in 2017 and 2254 – in 2019. To assess the wet and dry periods with daily average temperatures above 10 °C, that is the period of active vegetation, the Selyaninov hydrothermal coefficient (SHC) was used (1937), according to which the spread of chicken cestodiasis was determined. In the south of Odessa Region, the moderate and severe period increased from four to seven months, at which the hydrothermal coefficient amounted to 0.4–0.8. The period of sufficient moisture at a hydrothermal coefficient of 1.0–1.5 decreased from three months of 2017 to two months of 2019 and the hydrothermal coefficient was not calculated for five and three months, respectively. In 2017, the hatching of cestode eggs with bird manure was recorded for nine months: from March (10.1%) to November (5.8%) with high rates in June (27.2%) and September (37.1%), while in 2019, cestode eggs were recorded in February (12.7%) and up to December (2.4%), that is, for 11 months, with the highest rates in May (41.8%) and September (43.9%). The species composition of chicken cestodes is represented by four species: Raillietina echinobothrida (74.2%), which dominates due to a longer low hydrothermal coefficient, as well as R. tetragona (9.8%), R. cesticillus (10.8%) and Davainea proglottina (5.2%). The invasion of ants with cysticercoid R. echinobothrida in 2017 amounted to 19.6%, and in 2019 – 25.9% with an intensity of 1 to 4 specimens.
Highlights
In recent years the poultry industry in Ukraine has experienced stable and confident development and hens, ducks, geese, turkeys, quails, guinea fowl and ostriches are kept on small farms as well as large
During five months of 2017: January, February, March, November and December, the hydrothermal coefficient (HTC) ratio was not calculated due to the fact that the average daily temperature was below 10 °C (Table 1)
An analysis of the results shows that in the south of the Odessa Region of Ukraine, a gradual increase in the average daily temperature is recorded and a decrease in the amount of precipitation affects the coefficient of HTC, which, in turn, indicates a longer duration of strong and medium droughts
Summary
In recent years the poultry industry in Ukraine has experienced stable and confident development and hens, ducks, geese, turkeys, quails, guinea fowl and ostriches are kept on small farms as well as large. It was determined that the average level of soil pollution in rural areas with helminth eggs (strongilates, ascaridates, trichocephalates, cestodes and trematodes) is 12.5% (Boyko et al, 2009, 2016; Paliy et al, 2019). Dense concentrations of birds in limited areas, violation of rules of feeding and poultry maintenance, changes in temperature, humidity and other environmental parameters lead to the decrease in the bird's protective barrier, the development of many infections and invasions due to the activation of opportunistic microflora and potential conditions for the development of bacterial, viral and endoparasitic diseases (Cadmus et al., 2019). The development of the poultry industry and the production of safe and high quality products are possible only with a stable epizootic situation concerning diseases of infectious and invasive etiology (Lorencena et al, 2018)
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