ЖИРНОКИСЛОТНЫЙ СОСТАВ ОЗИМОГО РЫЖИКА В ЗАВИСИМОСТИ ОТ РЕГИОНА ВОЗДЕЛЫВАНИЯ

Abstract

Camelina sylvestris (L.) Crantz. is a valuable oilseed known due to the vegetable oil used in human nutrition and industrial production. The current research is aimed to assess the content of fatty acids in Camelina sylvestris oilseeds depending on the hydrothermal cultivation conditions. Seeds of winter camelina variety ‘Penzyak’ grown in the Penza region and steppe Crimea in 2017–2019 served as the object of the research. In 2017, arid conditions were recorded in the Crimea, Selyaninov Hydrothermal Coefficient (HTC) = 0.61. In the Penza region, on the contrary, the level of moisture in 2017 was moderate, HTC = 1.10. Weather conditions in 2019 were characterized as arid in both regions; HTC was 0.63 and 0.60. In 2018, in the Crimea and Penza, HTC was 0.23 and 0.45, respectively. The soils of the experimental plots – chernozems leached (Penza) and southern low-humic (Crimea). Fatty acid methyl esters were isolated and analyzed according to GOST R 51 486–99. The concentration of oleic and linoleic acids increased in seeds grown in the Crimea and amounted to 15.50–18.56 % and 18.08–19.58 %. In the colder region (Penza), the content of these acids decreased to 11.90–14.82 and 16.12–17.10 %, respectively. The highest content of linolenic acid was in oilseeds from the Penza region and amounted to 36.80–38.50 %, which was 4.94–6.40 % higher than the content of linolenic acid in oilseeds from the Crimea. The content of erucic acid in the Camelina sylvestris (L.) Crantz. from both regions was 2.81–2.94 %. The coefficient of variation of this acid was 1.59 %. Linolenic and oleic acids are the most susceptible to changes in cultivation conditions, coefficient of variation – 10.08 and 16.32 %, respectively. The total content of polyunsaturated fatty acids was high and averaged 52.4–54.6 %. The highest concentration was noted in oilseeds from Penza, which exceeded that of from the Crimea by 2.2 %. The content of ω-9 fatty acids ranged from 33.7 % (Penza) to 35.9 % (Crimea) and was characterized by a low coefficient of variation – 4.14 %. The range of variation of ω-3 and ω-6 acid, on average, was 6.32–7.81 %. Their content was 31.5 and 20.9 % in oilseeds from the Crimea and 35.5 and 19.1 % in oilseeds from Penza. The ratio between omega-6 and omega-3 acids is 1.8:1.