Favorable Period Research Articles

São Luiz do Paraitinga: The Image of São Paulo State in the 18th Century

São Luiz do Paraitinga it is a city anchored on time, a unique register of São Paulo State about modern concepts reformulation, proposed by Marquês de Pombal in the 18th century for Portugal and its colonies. Isolated between mountain-chains with strategic position, it was built as a trading post to favour the gold and other products transportation to Portugal and also to increase Portuguese Empire control over the Brazilian goods production. It remains generally preserved due to its forgetfulness, after the favourable periods of the local economy, remaining static. But its heritage degradation and destruction was also due of forgetfulness and lack of protection of the Brazilian State. São Luiz do Paraitinga constructive process and culture of 18th century is a singular case that will be analysed in this paper, bringing evidences about the common people life in the Portuguese colony, and not only about State Rulers and great owners.

Valuation of Ecological Retrofitting Technology in Existing Buildings: A Real-World Case Study

The world’s existing buildings are aged, in a state of deterioration and in need of interventions. When selecting the type of possible intervention to be applied, the choice falls between two alternatives: simple unsustainable ordinary maintenance versus ecological retrofitting i.e., an increase in the quality of the indoor environment and building energy saving using local bio-natural materials and products. The present research seeks to respond to the requests of recent comprehensive reviews which ask for the retrofitting of the world’s huge existing building stocks and portfolios by proposing an approach and testing it in a specific case study (at the unit, building and urban block level) which can then be carried out and repeated in the future on a larger urban scale. The real-world experimentation in the provided case study achieved the important outcome and goal of a Green Building strategy and post-carbon city framework i.e., the significant enhancement of the thermal performance of the buildings as a result of a few targeted key external works and the consequent saving of energy in those already existing (but not preserved and not included in the state national register or record of monuments) Liberty-style constructions. All the above show that these important existing buildings can be ecologically retrofitted at an affordable cost, although initially slightly more expensive than the cost of ordinary unsustainable maintenance. However, this difference is offset by the favorable pay-back period, which is fast, acceptable and of short duration. The tried and tested approach, the positive proposed case study and the experimental database-GIS joint platform (the details of which can be found in an additional supplementary research which is currently being carried out) are the bases on which a future decision support system will be proposed. This support system can be carried out as a tailor- made solution for the ecological retrofitting of the enormous existing building stocks and portfolios which must be considered on a larger scale i.e., at ward, quartier, city, regional and country level.

Hydroclimate changes in eastern Africa over the past 200,000 years may have influenced early human dispersal

Reconstructions of climatic and environmental conditions can contribute to current debates about the factors that influenced early human dispersal within and beyond Africa. Here we analyse a 200,000-year multi-proxy paleoclimate record from Chew Bahir, a tectonic lake basin in the southern Ethiopian rift. Our record reveals two modes of climate change, both associated temporally and regionally with a specific type of human behavior. The first is a long-term trend towards greater aridity between 200,000 and 60,000 years ago, modulated by precession-driven wet-dry cycles. Here, more favorable wetter environmental conditions may have facilitated long-range human expansion into new territory, while less favorable dry periods may have led to spatial constriction and isolation of local human populations. The second mode of climate change observed since 60,000 years ago mimics millennial to centennial-scale Dansgaard-Oeschger cycles and Heinrich events. We hypothesize that human populations may have responded to these shorter climate fluctuations with local dispersal between montane and lowland habitats.

Role of Seed Banks in the Conservation of Plant Diversity and Ecological Restoration

An appropriate method for conservation of a particular plant gene pool needs extensive approach, collaborate the different ex situ and in situ methods. Gene banks are a type of bio repository that preserves genetic material. According to Dekker, 1997, [12] a seed bank stores seeds to preserve genetic diversity ; hence it is a type of gene bank . There are currently more than 1,000 seed banks exist around the world, varying in type, size and focus. The world's largest secure seed storage is Svalbard Global Seed Vault. Whereas in India, Indian Seed Vault is the largest secure seed bank lies in a high-altitude mountain pass on the Chang La seed vault in Ladakh. Seed banks are maintained with the objectives of improving the effectiveness of sustainable management and conservation of biodiversity through adequate conservation and preserving the genes that plant breeders need to disease resistance, nutritional quality, drought tolerance, taste, increase yield etc. of crops. There are two most important studies regarding seed bank, i.e., soil seed bank and canopy seed bank. In agroecosystem, soil seed bank is more closely related to weed seed bank study [8]. According to Karim et al., 2018 [15], Parthenium weed (Parthenium hysterophorus L., Family: Asteraceae) is an invasive alien species threatening the biodiversity and the environment in Malaysia. A canopy seed bank or aerial seed bank is the aggregate of viable seed stored by a plant in its canopy. Canopy seed banks occur in plants that delays seed dispersal for some reason. Seed dispersal in serotinous species is normally triggered by fire and seeds are short‐lived after release, germinating during the first favourable period [9]. Therefore, Seed banks have a vital role to play in supporting integrated strategies for conservation and sustainable use of plants. The cost effectiveness of seed banking technology clearly depends on the seed biology of the target species, and the role that the collection will play in long-term conservation and ecological restoration strategies. Seed bank recognises the opportunity to provide ecological restoration materials to users. Seed banks respond to the increasing demand for seed and provide information to support habitat restoration and also reintroduction of threatened species. Cite as Jui Ray, & Sanjoy Kumar Bordolui. (2021). Role of Seed Banks in the Conservation of Plant Diversity and Ecological Restoration. Research and Reviews: Journal of Environmental Sciences, 3(2), 1–16. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4922618

Ecological risk simulation assessment in marine ecosystems of the Arctic shelf

This work elaborates an approach to the ecological risk model assessment in marine systems exposed to intense impacts and accompanying pollution. This approach was applied to the marine ecosystems of the Arctic shelf for two types of ecosystems, i.e. highly productive and low productive. The proposed method makes it possible to identify intervals in the increased ecological risk throughout the year and to calculate the allowable probability of anthropogenic impact depending on this. Variations in ecological risk throughout the year revealed periods of increased hazard and relatively favorable periods with a low risk probability. Performed calculation analysis refutes assumptions that in the Arctic shelf ecosystems with low productivity, a more intense anthropogenic impact is possible supposedly causing no significant damage. The proposed approach in the interdisciplinary aspect reveals possibility to harmonize ecological and economic requirements to ensure safe development of the marine system resources.

ESTIMATION OF POST-HARVEST LOSSES OF POTATO IN MARKETS OF SOME SELECTED DISTRICTS IN BANGLADESH

A survey was carried out following questionnaire to estimate the status of post-harvest losses of potato from potato retailers in different markets of Comilla, Dinajpur, Mymensingh and Rangpur district. Basic information of potato retailers such as age, gender, educational qualification, marketing experience, ownership and their basic knowledge of stored variety, problems associated in stored potato, storage conditions, causes of losses of stored potato, common storage diseases of potato, possible reasons for rotting of potato in storage, primary source of potato, care of stored potato, most favorable and unfavorable period for potato storage were assessed by direct interview. The average incidence of soft rot, dry rot and scab was found 2.54%, 4.44% and 1.85%, respectively in November, 2019. The total losses due to post-harvest diseases in these markets were found 8.83%. Meanwhile, the total loss of potato due to physical abnormalities was recorded 13.78%. The highest physical abnormalities were observed green potato (6.20%) followed by cut potato (4.27%) and pitted potato (2.10%). This study was a preliminary step for the investigation of the idea of the retailers of the selected districts about the status, problems they faced for potato storage in markets. This was the first time survey from potato retailers of different districts in Bangladesh and estimation of potato loss in the market of Bangladesh.

Assessing the Value of Demand Response in Microgrids

This paper presents a computer application to assist in decisions about sustainability enhancement due to the effect of shifting demand from less favorable periods to periods that are more convenient for the operation of a microgrid. Specifically, assessing how the decisions affect the economic participation of the aggregating agent of the microgrid bidding in an electricity day-ahead market. The aggregating agent must manage microturbines, wind systems, photovoltaic systems, energy storage systems, and loads, facing load uncertainty and further uncertainties due to the use of renewable sources of energy and participation in the day-ahead market. These uncertainties cannot be removed from the decision making, and, therefore, require proper formulation, and the proposed approach customizes a stochastic programming problem for this operation. Case studies show that under these uncertainties and the shifting of demand to convenient periods, there are opportunities to make decisions that lead to significant enhancements of the expected profit. These enhancements are due to better bidding in the day-ahead market and shifting energy consumption in periods of favorable market prices for exporting energy. Through the case studies it is concluded that the proposed approach is useful for the operation of a microgrid.

Aldea Moret: un núcleo obrero cacereño ligado a la minería del fosfato, 1865-1925

Aldea Moret was a mining village specialised in phosphate mining located close to the capital of the province of Cáceres. Although we know that miners were present in the Calerizo area of Cáceres in the 1860s and 1870s due to the exploitation of the mines, it was not until the Sociedad General de Fosfato de Cáceres was established in 1876 that a hamlet was formed for the mine workers. In this study we will analyse the creation and development of the village until the 1920s, highlighting the power of attraction that it exercised among the population of the province of Cáceres and of the neighbouring provinces during favourable economic periods. It also studies the magnitude of the female workforce employed in the manipulation of the mineral after its extraction from the mine.

Long-Term Numerical Analysis of Subsurface Delamination Detection in Concrete Slabs via Infrared Thermography

One of the concerns about the use of passive Infrared Thermography (IRT) for structural health monitoring (SHM) is the determination of a favorable period to conduct the inspections. This paper investigates the use of numerical simulations to find appropriate periods for IRT-based detection of subsurface damages in concrete bridge slabs under passive heating along a 1 year of time span. A model was built using the Finite Element Method (FEM) and calibrated using the results of a set of thermographic field inspections on a concrete slab sample. The results showed that the numerical simulation properly reproduced the experimental thermographic measurements of the concrete structure under passive heating, allowing the analysis to be extended for a longer testing period. The long-term FEM results demonstrated that the months of spring and summer are the most suitable for passive IRT inspections in this study, with around 17% more detections compared to the autumn and winter periods in Brazil. By enhancing the possibility of using FEM beyond the design stage, we demonstrate that this computation tool can provide support to long-term SHM.

English

This work uses the Weibull distribution for assessing the wind potential in Senegal; a country located in West Africa. In this study, data from the ERA5 reanalysis and the Ziguinchor station were used to characterize the spatio-temporal variability of wind and its available power density at 10 m and 100 m of altitude. The results showed that the wind potential was stronger on the coast and the north-western part of the country. A case study was carried out in the Basse Casamance on five (5) different sites located on the coast and inland (Kafountine, Diembering, Kabrousse, Bignona, and Ziguinhor). The results show good wind potentials in the coastal areas: Kabrousse, Kafountine, and Diembering. The most favourable period for wind power production is the winter. The ERA5 data and those of the Ziguinchor weather station were also compared. The results showed that the annual average wind power density calculated with the ERA5 reanalysis was slightly higher than that of the data from the station. The wind rose’s analysis, an essential parameter of the turbine's orientation, shows that the dominant wind direction in the Basse Casamance is northwest. In the last part of the study, an analysis of the choice of wind turbines adapted to the Ziguinchor site was carried out. Finally, this study provides the basic knowledge necessary for better planning of wind power projects in Senegal, especially in the Basse Casamance area. Key words: Wind potential, power density, Weibull distribution, ERA5 reanalysis, Senegal.

Distribution and invasion risk assessments of Chrysodeixis includens (Walker, [1858]) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) using CLIMEX.

Chrysodeixis includens is a polyphagous pest restricted to the American continent. The occurrence of C. includens is allied, among other factors, by favorable conditions such as temperature, humidity, presence of hosts, and migratory behavior. In this work, we built spatiotemporal species distribution models at continental and global levels for the distribution of C. includens using CLIMEX to determine times and regions favorable for year-round survival and migration of this species and in case of invasion on other continents to apply timely and right phytosanitary measures. Our models estimated high climate suitability for C. includens in Central and large proportions of South America throughout the year. Moreover, there is suitability for C. includens growth in all months of the year in Central and northern part of South America. In the northern hemisphere, these conditions range from April to October, while in mid-southern parts of South America, favorable periods comprise October through June. The countries with the highest suitability for C. includens outside the American continent are located on the African and Asian continents. Our results show variable climate suitability for C. includens during the year that help to understand likely migration pattern in North America. This information would direct efforts for appropriate C. includens management during warm and moist periods of the year. Furthermore, our models notify the need for the development of strategies for the inspection and interception of C. includens especially in central Africa, India, South and Southeast Asia, and Northeast Australia.

POS-448 CORTICOSTEROID SPARING AGENTS IN FREQUENT RELAPSING AND STEROID DEPENDENT NEPHROTIC SYNDROME IN CHILDREN: A SINGLE CENTER RETROSPECTIVE STUDY

Children with frequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome (FRNS) or Steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome (SDNS) may be prescribed non-corticosteroid immunosuppressive agents whenever there is a failure to maintain remission with low-dose alternate-day prednisone and/or significant adverse effects of prednisone develop. A wide variety of immunosuppressive agents have been used in these patients to reduce the number of relapses and maintain remission. A retrospective study was conducted on all steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS) children (1-11 years) who received any type of second line agents (e.g. CNI, MMF, cyclophosphamide, and Rituximab) over a period of 9 years from January 2010 to January 2019 in pediatric nephrology unit in Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh. The study included 24 patients. Their age at diagnosis ranged between 1 and 11 years with a mean of 3.8 years and standard deviation of (±) 2.6 years. During the first year of steroid therapy, relapse occurred among 87% of patients; of them, the number of relapses being 4 or more in 21.7%. Regarding indication for the second line of treatment, SDNS was the most frequent reported (60.9%), followed by FRNS (30.4%). Concerning agents used in the second line, MMF ranked first (58.4%), followed by Cyclophosphamide (33.3%). Number of relapses after starting steroid sparing agent was more than once among 41.7% of patients. Duration of remission after starting steroid sparing agent ranged between 2 and 72 months (14±14.1). Overall response to the second line of treatment was observed among majority of patients (91.7%). Renal biopsy was performed in 45.8% of patients. Concerning side effects of steroid sparing agents, electrolytes disturbances and hypertension were reported by two (8.3%) and one (4.2%) patients respectively. Duration of remission was significantly longer among patients treated with cyclosporine (48±33.9 months) compared to other lines of treatment, p<0.001. On the other hand, hypertension was only reported among patients treated with cyclosporine, p=0.003. The overall response of children with SDNS and FRNS to the second line agents was significant, with favorable longer remission free period with Cyclosporine use with no major side effects. Our results affected by the retrospective design of the study, as well as the small sample size. Therefore larger scale study with prospective design is highly encouraged.

EVALUATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND PULLOUT RESISTANCE OF LIVE CUTTINGS OF Phyllanthus sellowianus (Klotzsch) Müll.Arg.

This study aimed to evaluate the interdependence between the morphological characteristics and the pullout resistance of live cuttings of Phyllanthus sellowianus . Vertical pullout tests and shoot and root diameter and length measurements were performed in 144 live cuttings, with 2.5 cm in diameter and 50 cm in length, planted in 1x1 m spacing. The evaluations were performed at 60, 133, 186, 252, 320, and 421 days after planting, and the differences between mean growth and vertical pullout resistance values were analyzed using the Tukey test and linear regression equations. The plants showed the highest mean total shoot length (875 cm), total root length (405 cm), and vertical pullout resistance (1.5 kN) values between 252 and 421 days after planting. The plants increased their pullout resistance at an average rate of 0.20 kN/month in the most favorable growth periods, followed by average increments in the total shoot and root length of 118.4 and 57.1 cm/month, respectively. The pullout resistance showed positive correlations with all above- and below-ground morphological characteristics tested, but it was best explained by the cross-sectional area of shoots (mm²) which showed r² = 0.55. The biometric variables of P. sellowianus propagated from cuttings generally explained up to half of the variations in the species’ pullout resistance.

Acute Coronary Syndromes in Niger: (West Africa): Epidemiological, Clinical, Para clinical and Therapeutic Aspects

Introduction: Coronary artery disease is the leader in cardiovascular disease. An estimated 7.5 million deaths from cardiovascular disease are due to coronary heart disease. WHO estimates that by 2030, nearly 23.6 million people will die from cardiovascular disease? Over 80% of deaths attributed to cardiovascular disease occur in low- and middle-income developing countries. The CORONAFRIC survey done in 1991 and which gathered 13 West African countries with 16 centers found a prevalence of coronary heart disease of 3, 17%. In Niger an over survey done in 2013 shows a prevalence of coronary heart disease at 5.60%. The main cause of coronary pathologies is atherosclerosis or atheroma and its sudden complication thrombosis. This review aims to study the local specificities of ACS through its epidemiological, clinical, Para clinical and therapeutic aspects at the level of the LAMORDE National Teaching Hospital (LNTH), in the absence of a cardiology technical platform intervention and in the absence of pre-hospital care, in order to formulate recommendations for the prevention of coronary artery diseases in low income countries. Patients and Methods: This is a retro and prospective study over a period (July 01, 2014 to December 31, 2019) of 66 months and concerns cases of ACS hospitalized in the internal medicine and cardiology department of LNTH. Were included in our study patients with angina pain, and electrocardiographic signs (ischemia, lesion or necrosis) with or without a confirmed past history of MI but admitted with biological signs. Results: At the end of our study, the prevalence of ACS is 10.67% compared to cardiovascular disease, CI 51.24%, stroke 26.24% and thromboembolic disease 2.84%. ACS is predominantly male in 63.77% of cases. The sex ratio is 1.76 -the age ≥50 years represents 86.98% of the subjects, with an average age of 60.98 years; -The months of November, December, January and February represent the favorable period for the onset of acute coronary syndromes with 23.20% of cases. - Retro sternal chest pain is by far the most common symptom with 67.63% of cases. Troponin was measured in 75 of our patients, ie 36.23% of which 35.27% had a high level.- ECG, troponin allowed us to identify forms of ACS with 70.05% of ACS ST +; 21.74% unstable angina and 8.21% Q- wave of MI. - The most affected territory was anterior with 153 cases (73.91%) followed by the lower territory 46 cases (22.22%) then the lateral territory 16 cases (7.73%) associated. In our study, hypertension was encountered in 34.48% of cases, diabetes (11.11%), hypercholesterolemia 4.35%), smoking (with 4.83%), obesity (with 2.90%), menopause (with 84.93%) were recognized as risk factors favoring the occurrence of ACS. In 96.14% of the cases, the patients were put on aspirin and clopidogrel followed by the ICE in 93.24% of the cases; Beta blocking in 92.75% of cases; statin in 89.86% of cases; of diuretics in 55.56% of cases and heparin in 52.17% of cases. In our study, 80.68% of our patients left hospital after clinical improvement. We have a high mortality rate of 19.32%. 80% of patients had HF as a complication, and conduction disorders are noted in 16% of cases and recurrence of pain in 8% of patients.

Strategies for Successful Scallops Spat Collection on Artificial Collectors in the Taranto Gulf (Mediterranean Sea)

The high variability in natural recruitment of Pectinidae is a common feature of many marine invertebrates with a pelagic larval stage, but may negatively affect aquaculture activities. Detailed information on settlement patterns and spat availability is required to reduce costs and labor. In this regard, we attempted to establish the precise immersion time and the deployment dates for spat collectors in the Taranto Gulf (Mediterranean Sea, Italy). The first experiment was carried out from June to October 2013, deploying collectors every 15 days and retrieving them after 4, 6, 8, and 10 weeks. Results from the first experiment allowed us to select 8 weeks as the best immersion time for spat collection. The second experiment was carried out from June 2013 to July 2014 when we deployed spat collectors every 15 days and recovered them after 8 weeks to detect the favorable periods to place the collectors in water to obtain the highest scallop spat harvest rate. Mimachlamys varia was the most abundant pectinid (greater than 90%), whose recruits were collected during most of the year studied, followed by Flexopecten glaber with the highest rates in July (87%) and Pecten jacobaeus, which never exceeded 17% of collected spat. M. varia had a long recruitment period (from October to early June), F. glaber showed a high number of spat during autumn months and from June to July while P. jacobaeus showed a restricted period of spawning. Our experiments provide useful insights into strategies for establishing scallop aquaculture in order to promote these mollusks as alternative candidates for aquaculture farming in the area.

Oocyte analysis of species Arca noae Linnaeus, 1758 (Mollusca: Bivalvia) from Adriatic Sea

Noah’s ark shellfish is a commercially important species in the Adriatic Sea, but its populations are overexploited. The objective of this study was to complete the information on reproduction for potential commercial breeding. Previous attempts at ark cultivation resulted in high post-transfer mortality due to mechanical stress from individuals’ detachment from the natural environment. A different approach involving the culture of broodstock for aquaculture operations should be considered. Accurate prediction of spawning events and comparison of the main spawning season and peak in several populations could help to identify a favorable location and period for the collection of hatched gametes and transfer to growing sites. Thus, females of two distinct populations from the Middle Adriatic Sea were investigated. The range of oocyte size at each gonadal developmental stage, the monthly distribution of oocyte frequency and the variation in the monthly mean value of oocyte diameter during 2013 and 2014 were determined. Gametogenesis was not fully synchronous between localities. The period of spawning in Pasman Channel lasts longer and new gametes develop faster. Based on the results we could estimate the periods of gamete release in the studied sites, which may indicate a favorable location and period for the collection of hatched gametes for aquaculture purposes.

Assessing the performance and cost-competitiveness of a dual-source solar assisted heat pump in cold climates

In many cold climates, the coincidence of long heating seasons as well as relatively high levels of solar insolation offer an opportunity to explore the potential for solar-assisted air source heat pumps to meet greenhouse gas reduction objectives for space and water heating systems. This paper presents the results of a detailed performance analysis based on 6 months of field test data of a pre-commercial, dual source solar-assisted heat pump. The data gathered during field-testing as well as the functionality of the system were studied extensively to develop and calibrate an hourly energy model. The model replicates the performance and operating modes of the solar-assisted air source heat pump. It allows for an hourly assessment of the energy savings, greenhouse gas reduction potential and cost competitiveness of this system as compared to other high performance HVAC systems in a variety of climate locations and archetype house loads. A parametric analysis is undertaken to assess the impact of key components on system viability. Results indicate that for some regions and archetype house loads, the dual-source solar-assisted heat pump can lead to significant energy savings and GHG emissions reductions when compared to high performing HVAC systems. These savings may enable a favorable payback period when a competitive capital cost is considered. The objective of the study was to identify locations and archetypes in which this solar-assisted heat pump topology may make sense for further development and demonstration.

БИЛИНГВАЛЬНОЕ ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ В ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ ДОШКОЛЬНЫХ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНЫХ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЙ

Russia is a multinational country with one hundred and eighty different languages spoken. In the modern world, there is a tendency of losing historical experience and memory, ethnic, cultural and linguistic diversity. The axiom of the people existence is the national language preservation, and the most favorable period for the native language and culture learning is the sensitive period in child development. The importance of learning the native language and the need to know the state Russian language as a universal language of communication in the multinational Russian Federation determine the relevance of the organization of bilingual education starting from preschool educational institutions.

ПРИНЦИП НЕОПРЕДЕЛЕННОСТИ. СТРАТЕГИИ ИНТЕГРАЦИИ МОЛОДЫХ УЧЕНЫХ ИЗ РЕГИОНОВ В НАУЧНУЮКАРЬЕРУ И НАУЧНЫЕ СООБЩЕСТВА В КОНТЕКСТЕ VUCA-МИРА

The article examines the key characteristics of young scientists’ integration into scientific communities in the context of the new prospects offered by the VUCA world. We see the VUCA world as a time of opportunities and a favorable period for young scientists to take initiatives, and also a world of total uncertainty, where impetuosity and uncertainty, as well as the constant search for and change of various strategies, become a key to successful career building and advancement. The empirical base of the analysis consists of 30 biographical interviews with young scientists from a city of regional significance, a young science city, a large city and a city of federal significance. The article puts forward a hypothesis about the importance of horizontal integration of young scientists into scientific communities in young cities and innovative cities, as well as in a large city and in a city of federal significance. The paper also discusses the role of the city as an actor that forms scientific communities and strategies for interaction and integration of young scientists with scientific communities. Special attention is paid to the meanings of scientific careers and the individual role of scientific communities in the careers of young scientists and also to the strategies for integrating young scientists into scientific careers. The authors consider changes in the configurations of strategies for both building a scientific career and integration into scientific communities at the local, national and global levels as new opportunities that arise for scientists in the VUCA world. The main conclusion of the article is that the integration and career building strategies in science are influenced by both the city and the orientation of the city, the local scientific community, which may differ depending on particular scientific disciplines. A successful strategy that allows one to use the potential and resources of the VUCA world to the maximum extent possible is the horizontal integration of young scientists.

Organizational and pedagogical conditions for the development of bilingualism in preschool children

The article is devoted to the problem of speech development in bilingual children. Preschool age is a favorable period for the development of speech. The main attention in the article is paid to teaching Russian and Mordovian languages (Erzya/Moksha) to bilingual children, since their speech development has a certain specificity that affects the proficiency of both languages (this specificity determines the peculiarities of speech development and teaching methods). On the basis of a theoretical analysis of the problem and their own experience, the authors determine the pedagogical conditions for the development of the speech of bilingual children in the process of forming elementary mathematical concepts. Research methods: the research is based on the analysis, generalization and systematization of modern achievements of pedagogical theory and practice in the development of the speech of bilingual children.