Perineal Rupture Research Articles

The Implementation of Vulva Hygiene Treatment in Postpartum Women to Prevention of Rupture Perineum Infection

Perineal rupture or tear of the birth canal is usually experienced by postpartum mothers or mothers in labor. Either because of the episiotomy or naturally due to the pressure of the fetal head. Perineal rupture affects women’s physical. The impact of perineal rupture in women who are not properly treated is infection perineum. As the treatment efforts that can be done to prevent infection, namely by performing vulva hygiene care. The research explores quantitative evidence published in an electronic database, Google Scholar. Studies have shown that proper care of vulva hygiene can be 10 times greater in preventing infection in perineal rupture. The results showed that vulva hygiene treatment was able to prevent infection in perineal rupture.

TO THE QUESTION ABOUT RESTORATION OF CUTTING BY THE FLAP METHOD (LAWSON-TAIT)

Perineal tears are one of the most common sufferings in women. In most cases, they are caused by childbirth. Regarding the frequency of ruptures during childbirth, the authors disagree with each other; but most obstetricians accept that in 20% of births in first or multiparous women, perineal ruptures occur. There is no doubt that every new perineal tear, reaching a known size, should be sutured immediately after childbirth. The suture imposed immediately after birth for the most part leads to healing per primam intentionem. Thus, the number of old, spontaneously healed by a scar - perineal rupture should become less and less.

Prevention of postpartum infectious and inflammatory complications in women with injuries of the lower parts of genital tract

Objective of the study: evaluation of the effectiveness of antimicrobial antiseptic drug Femiclean for prevention of wound infection in postpartum women with injuries of the lower parts of genital tract.Materials and methods. A clinical and laboratory examination of 65 postpartum women was carried out. I observation group consisted of 33 women who underwent surgical treatment for perineal rupture of the II degree or episiotomy. Processing of external genitalia with disinfectant solutions (potassium permanganate, chlorhexidine) three times a day for the first 2–3 days, dry treatment of the perineum sutures with iodine solution for 5 days was performed to these patients. II observation group consisted of 32 women with a perineal rupture of II degree or episiotomy, who in addition to the above-indicated preventive and therapeutic measures were prescribed vaginal Femiclean tablets for 5 days.Effectiveness of these measures was determined by presence of the postpartum complications (infiltration and suppuration in vaginal and perineum sutures), results of vaginal discharge microscopy (before and after treatment) and cytological smears from perineum sutures region (on the 5th day of the postpartum period).Results. A more significant improvement of the vaginal bacteriological status following the treatment with Femiclean was in II group patients as compared with women in group I. The favorable course of tissue regeneration in all patients of group II, which was clinically confirmed by the absence of suppuration and dehiscence of perineal wound edges, proves the effectiveness of the dequalinium chloride drug for prevention of wound infection. One of the advantages of local drug administration is the lack of significant adverse effects on the lactobacilli pool, that is important for restoration of vaginal normocenosis in the puerperal period.Conclusion. Topical application of the antiseptic drug Femiclean provides a 3-fold reduction in infectious and inflammatory complications incidence at trauma of the lower parts of genital tract.

Hubungan Faktor Maternal terhadap Posisi pada Waktu Persalinan Kala II dengan Kejadian Ruptur Perineum

erineal rupture needs attention because it can cause dysfunction of the female reproductive organs, as a source of bleeding, a source, or a way in and out of infection, then it can cause death due to bleeding or sepsis. About 85% of Women who delivery vaginally experience perineal rupture, in the age group 25-30 years 24%, while in maternal age 32-39 years by 62%. In Asia, perineal rupture is also a problem in society, 50 % of the world's occurrence is in Asia. The study aims to determine the relationship of maternal factors to the position of the second stage labor and perineal rupture occurrence. This research applied a descriptive-analytic method using a cross-sectional research design. The research sample was 102 respondents, accidental random sampling, which was all labor with perineal rupture in July to November 2018. Statistical tests used chi-square. The results of perineal rupture with maternal age was p-value 0.042 (p <0.05), perineal rupture with maternal parity was p-value 0.01 (p <0.05). Suggestions for various maternal positions in maternity and ANC classes to prevent perineal rupture.

Comparison Study of Urinary Retention Incidence in Assisted Vaginal Delivery Case with and without 24-Hour Catheterization

Background: Urinary retention is a condition commonly seen after vaginal delivery, especially in the highrisk cases, such as assisted vaginal delivery, grade 3-4th perineal rupture, or another high risk. Urinary retention caused by unsynchronized between the contraction of the bladder detrusor. Urinary catheterization is one of the preventions of urinary retention. It gives a time for perineal trauma to relieve and no longer edema, so that urethra can be fully relaxed. Therefore, 24-hour catheterization expected to prevent bladder overdistention. It also prevents the bladder from becoming atonia. Objective: This research aims to study the incidence of urinary retention in assisted vaginal delivery with and without 24-hour catheterization. Method: This study used randomized control trials that compared two groups with 24-hour catheterization and without 24-hour catheterization. This study was conducted on 40 women in each group who experienced assisted vaginal birth at Dr Soetomo Hospital, Indonesia. Result: Six women (15%) experienced urinary retention with 24-hour catheterization and six women (15%) had urinary retention without catheterization. There was no significant difference in the incidence of urinary retention with 24-hour catheterization and without 24-hour catheterization (p-value = 1.00). Also, there was no significant interference of urinary retention in the normal and prolonged second stage of labor (p-value = 0.736), and there was no significant risk factor contributing to urinary retention. Conclusion: No significant difference in urinary retention occurred in assisted vaginal delivery with and without 24-hour catheterization

Follow-up of postpartum anal sphincter injuries.

A number of women who incur anal sphincter injuries during childbirth develop severe anal incontinence. The purpose of our study was to survey the follow-up and treatment of anal sphincter injuries in the first two years postpartum. Data on all women who have undergone vaginal birth with the diagnosis code third or fourth degree perineal rupture in Norway in the period 1.1.2012-31.12.2013 were obtained from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway. These data were linked to the Norwegian Patient Registry to chart any treatment with sacral neuromodulation or sphincteroplasty up to two years postpartum. A questionnaire survey of procedures for following up patients with perineal rupture was also conducted among maternity departments in Norway. 1 999 women had suffered third or fourth degree perineal rupture during childbirth during the study period. Twelve (0.6%) of them had undergone sphincteroplasty, while none had been treated with sacral neuromodulation. Almost all of them were followed up by the hospital 6-12months after giving birth, but few hospitals used a validated scoring system to assess the degree of anal incontinence. Very few women with third or fourth degree perineal rupture were treated for severe anal incontinence with sphincteroplasty or sacral neuromodulation within two years of giving birth.

Differentiated approach to episiotomy for prevention of obstetric perineal rupture

Differentiated approach to episiotomy for prevention of obstetric perineal rupture

Hubungan Faktor Maternal terhadap Posisi pada Waktu Persalinan Kala II terhadap Kejadian Ruptur Perineum

Perineal rupture needs attention because it can cause dysfunction of the female reproductive organs, as a source of bleeding, a source, or a way in and out of infection, then it can cause death due to bleeding or sepsis. About 85% of Women who delivery vaginally experience perineal rupture, in the age group 25-30 years 24%, while in maternal age 32-39 years by 62%. In Asia, perineal rupture is also a problem in society; 50 % of the world's occurrence is in Asia. The study aims to determine the relationship of maternal factors to the position of the second stage labor and perineal rupture occurrence. This research applied a descriptive-analytic method using a cross-sectional research design. The research sample was 102 respondents, accidental random sampling, which was all labor with perineal rupture in July to November 2018. Statistical tests used chi-square. The results of perineal rupture with maternal age was p-value 0.042 (p <0.05), perineal rupture with maternal parity was p-value 0.01 (p <0.05). Suggestions for various maternal positions in maternity and ANC classes to prevent perineal rupture.

Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Ruptur Perineum Pada Ibu Bersalin Normal di Rumah Sakit Bhayangkara Mappaouddang Makassar Tahun 2014

Background: Perineal rupture is a problem in labor and the second cause of bleeding after uterine atony. According to WHO in 2014 there were 2.7 million cases of Perineal Rupture in maternity mothers. Factors that can cause perineal rupture are parity, distance of birth, baby's weight, birth management is not as it should be, age, extraction, vacuum extraction, and episiotomy. Objective: For Factors Affecting Normal Perineal Rupture. Research Methods: This study is an analytic observational with a "cross sectional study" approach. The population, namely primigravida mothers who were treated in Bhayangkara Mappaouddang Makassar Hospital in 2014, amounted to 230 people. Sampling with purposive sampling technique amounted to 120 samples. Data using Chi-Square statistical test with P value 0.05). Results: There was an effect of maternal age on normal perineal rupture (P-Value = 0.003 0.05), there was an effect of infant birth weight on normal perineal rupture (P-Value = 0.003 0.05) ) and there is an influence of the recommended position to treat normal perineal rupture of primigravida mothers (P-Value = 0.004 0.05). Conclusion: There is an effect of maternal age, birth weight and recommended position with normal perineal rupture. Keywords: maternal age, baby's birth weight, , perineal rupture

ANALISIS REGRESI LOGISTIK PENGARUH KEMAMPUAN VULVA HYGIENE TERHADAP WAKTU PENYEMBUHAN LUKA PERINEUM

Vulva hygiene (perineal care) is an act of cleansing and nourishing the pubic / female area in post partum mothers especially those who experience perineal wounds. Based on a preliminary study in East Pademawu village, the working area of the Sopa'ah Community Health Center, it was found that the ability of post partum mothers to do vulva hygiene was still low. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the ability of vulva hygiene of a post partum mother on the healing time of perineal wounds. This type of research was a correlation study method, with a prospective longitudinal research design (cohort). The samples were all post partum mothers who had perineal rupture / injury in the village of East Pademawu, namely 30 respondents. The independent variable is vulva hygiene, the dependent variable is the healing time of the perineal wound. Vulva hygiene data was collected by giving questionnaires to post partum mothers, while the healing time of perineal wounds was collected using an observation sheet. Then a statistical test was carried out with Logistic Regression. The results of statistical tests with logistic regression showed that vulva hygiene can affect the length of wound healing time by 80.4%. While the significance value is 0,01 or <0.05 with the exponent value B is 0.407. That is, every increase in one unit of vulva hygiene ability can reduce the length of wound healing time by 0.407 days Based on the results of these studies, it is expected that the participation of health workers to further improve counseling in post partum mothers about vulva hygiene. In addition, it is expected that all post partum mothers are able to do vulva hygiene correctly

PENGARUH SITZ BATH AIR HANGAT TERHADAP LAMA PENYEMBUHAN LUKA PERINEUM PADA IBU POST PARTUM DI PMB PONIRAH KOTA METRO

Background: Tearing a perineal wound during labor usually occurs so that the baby's head can be born quickly. Perineal wounds can be due to spontaneous tears or because of an episiotomy. The incidence of perineal rupturein PMB Ponirah as much as 69% 65% of mothers trip advisor perineal wounds. The impact of perineal rupture can cause pain.
 Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of warm baths on the wounds experienced by postpartum mothers in PMB Ponirah Metro City District.
 Methods: This study is a pre-experimental quantitative study with the Static Group Comparison design. The large sample consisted of 30 people, consisting of 15 people as sizt bath and 15 people as not sizt bath. In this study used the Mann Whitney test.
 Results: The results of the study showed the average reserve of bath sitz on day 5 and there was no reserve for bathing sitz on the 7th day. The result of the effect is the effect of warm baths on the duration of perineal wound healing in postpartum mothers.
 Conclusion: Sitz bath can accelerate wound healing and help with perineal pain.
 Keywords: Perineal pain, Perineal wound healing,Sitz bath

The relationship betweenparityand the incident of perinealruptures on women’s physiological maternity

There are about 2.8 million incident of perineal rupture in maternal physiological labor. In 2050,it is estimated that the incidence of perineal rupture can be 6.3 million if it is not accompanied by a good midwifery care. In 2016, in Trawas, there was (89%) perineal rupture in primiparas and (57%) perineal rupture in multiparas. Perineal rupture incidences due to parity were still very high. This study aims to analyze the relationship between parity and the incidence of perineal rupture . It is quantitative studyusing a cross sectional approach, by using analysis of physiological maternity women medical record data from January to April 2017 of 130 peoplein Trawas Public Health Center, Mojokerto Regency.The dataanalysis used was Chi - Square , indicated by p value = 0,000 with ɑ = 0,05. It means that the value of p <ɑ, so H1 is accepted. It can be concluded that there is a relationship between parity and the incidence of perineal rupture on physiological maternity women in Trawas Public Health Center,Mojokerto Regency. Midwives can apply collaboration with patients and their families to have physical and psychologicalpreparation with an alternative of hypnobirthing methods.

RELATIONSHIP OF PERSONAL HYGIENE AND EARLY MOBILIZATION WITH PERINEUM WOUND HEALING

Postpartum mothers who have perineal wounds are susceptible to infection because they are not clean and will affect the length of healing of the perineum. Early mobilization is a policy to quickly guide postpartum mothers out of their beds and walk and can smooth blood flow so as to accelerate the healing of perineal wounds. Perineal wounds due to rupture or laceration are areas that are not easy to keep clean and dry. If healing of wounds is not handled properly it will cause imperfect rupture wound healing. Perineal rupture is a birth canal injury that occurs at the time of the baby's birth, either using or not using a tool. The aim was to determine the relationship of personal hygiene and early mobilization with healing of perineal wounds on postpartum 7th day mothers in Pasanggar Pamekasan Village. Method Analytic, cross-sectional, purposive sampling, population of 38 postpartum mothers, 34 samples of postpartum mothers.The results of the study good day-to-day personal hygiene of postpartum mothers (67.6%), good early mobilization (61.8%), good perineal wound healing (58.8%), good personal hygiene, good perineal wound healing (87 %), early mobilization of good perineal wound healing is good (76.2%). Rank Spearman test, personal hygiene with perineal wound healing p = 0,000 <α 0,05 and mobilization with wound healing p = 0,002 <α 0,05 means that there is a significant relationship. Conclusion there is a relationship between personal hygiene and early mobilization with healing of perineal wounds in postpartum mothers on the 7th day .

Hubungan Pengetahuan Ibu Menyusui Tentang Cara Perawatan Luka Perineum Dengan Infeksi Luka Perineum Di Klinik Siti Kholijah Medan Tahun 2018

Menurut WHO infeksi merupakan salah satu penyebab kematian ibu dengan proporsi 20-30% dan sebesar 25-55% kasus infeksi disebabkan karena infeksi jalan lahir atau episiotomi. Kasus rupture perineum pada ibu bersalin di dunia pada tahun 2015 terdapat 2,7 juta dan di perkirakan mencapai 6,3 juta pada 2050. Di RSUD Dr. Pirngadi Medan tahun 2010 seperti yang dilaporkan AsroelBiryn dan kawan-kawan, terdapat 270 rupture perineum dari 385 persalinan. Tujuan ini untuk mengetahuihubungan pengetahuan ibu nifas tentang perawatan luka jahitan perineum dengan infeksi luka perineum di Klinik Siti Kholijah Medan tahun 2018. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan survei analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah ibu nifas yang partus di Klinik Siti Kholijah dan mengalami luka perineum sebanyak 46 responden dan seluruh populasi dijadikan sampel. Data yang digunakan adalah data primer. Uji statistik menggunakan chi-square. Hasil penelitian menggunakan uji statistik chi-square pada hubungan pengetahuan ibu nifas tentang perawatan luka perineum dengan infeksi luka perineum p-value0,000 &lt; α 0,050, dengan yang terbanyak mengalami infeksi luka perineum adalah ibu yang berpengetahuan kurang yaitu 22 responden (47,8%) dan yang berpengetahuan cukup yaitu 2 responden (4,3%).Kesimpulannya ada hubungan pengetahuan ibu nifas tentang perawatan luka perineum dengan infeksi luka perineum di Klinik Siti Kholijah Medan tahun 2018.

Obstetric perineal ruptures—risk of anal incontinence among primiparous women 12 months postpartum: a prospective cohort study

Anal incontinence leads to impairment of the quality of life and lower self-esteem with implications for social, physical, and sexual health; anal incontinence after vaginal delivery is a major concern for many women. Only about half of the cases of postpartum anal incontinence can be related to anal sphincter injuries, and the remaining cases must thus be related to other factors. The aim of this study was to examine the association between maternal and obstetric characteristics, including the degree of perineal rupture and anal incontinence 12 months postpartum. Furthermore, the aim was to investigate the association between anal sphincter muscle defects, perineal length, and perineal strength and the risk of anal incontinence. We conducted a prospective cohort study at 4 Danish hospitals: Odense University Hospital, Aarhus University Hospital, Esbjerg Hospital, and Kolding Hospital. Baseline data were obtained 2 weeks postpartum in relation to an evaluation of perineal wound healing. Symptoms of anal incontinence were evaluated 12 months postpartum by a Web-based questionnaire (St. Mark's incontinence score questionnaire). In addition, defects in the anal sphincter muscles were examined using endoanal ultrasound, perineal length was measured, and perineal strength was examined using anal manometry. The main outcome measurement was anal incontinence defined as a St. Mark's score of >4. We performed multivariate analyses to investigate the risk factors for anal incontinence and to investigate the risk of anal incontinence according to endoanal ultrasound scanning and anal manometry findings. A total of 603 primiparous women (203 with no/labia/first-degree ruptures, 200 with second-degree ruptures, and 200 with third-/fourth-degree ruptures) were included between July 2015 and January 2018. At 12 months postpartum, 575 women (95%) answered the questionnaire; 193 with no/labia/first-degree ruptures, 193 with second-degree ruptures, and 189 with third-/fourth-degree ruptures. A total of 499 women underwent an endoanal ultrasound scanning and 482 women underwent anal manometry. Anal incontinence with a St. Mark's score of >4 was reported by 7% and 9% of women with no/labia/first-degree ruptures or second-degree ruptures, respectively, and by 14%, 15%, 35%, and 33% of women with ruptures of degree 3a, 3b, 3c, and 4, respectively. Compared to women with no or minor tears, women with anal sphincter ruptures had a higher risk of anal incontinence (adjusted relative risk, 2.46; 95% confidence interval, 1.28-4.71). Ruptures of degree 3c and 4 were associated with a substantial increase in risk of anal incontinence (adjusted relative risk, 4.74; 95% confidence interval, 1.98-11.3; and adjusted relative risk, 2.23; 95% confidence interval, 1.59-11.3, respectively), especially if a defect in the external or internal anal sphincter muscle was present (adjusted relative risk, 4.74; 95% confidence interval, 1.54-14.5; and adjusted relative risk, 6.58; 95% confidence interval, 3.35-12.9, respectively). The risk of anal incontinence increased by 8% per 1-unit increase in body mass index (adjusted relative risk, 1.08; 95% confidence interval, 1.03-1.14). Obesity with body mass index of >29.9 and a high-degree rupture (3c or 4), especially with a persistent defect in the internal or external anal sphincter muscle, increased the risk of anal incontinence.

PENGARUH SITZ BATH AIR HANGAT TERHADAP LAMA PENYEMBUHAN LUKA PERINEUM PADA IBU POST PARTUM DI PMB PONIRAH KOTA METRO

Background: Tearing a perineal wound during labor usually occurs so that the baby's head can be born quickly. Perineal wounds can be due to spontaneous tears or because of an episiotomy. The incidence of perineal rupturein PMB Ponirah as much as 69% 65% of mothers trip advisor perineal wounds. The impact of perineal rupture can cause pain.&#x0D; Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of warm baths on the wounds experienced by postpartum mothers in PMB Ponirah Metro City District.&#x0D; Methods: This study is a pre-experimental quantitative study with the Static Group Comparison design. The large sample consisted of 30 people, consisting of 15 people as sizt bath and 15 people as not sizt bath. In this study used the Mann Whitney test.&#x0D; Results: The results of the study showed the average reserve of bath sitz on day 5 and there was no reserve for bathing sitz on the 7th day. The result of the effect is the effect of warm baths on the duration of perineal wound healing in postpartum mothers.&#x0D; Conclusion: Sitz bath can accelerate wound healing and help with perineal pain.&#x0D; &#x0D; Keywords: Perineal pain, Perineal wound healing,Sitz bath

Old Perineal Rupture - From Diagnosis to Reparation

Abstract&#x0D; Objective: To describe and discuss the technique to diagnose, preparing the reparation and postoperative management in old perineal rupture case.Methods: A 28-year-old primipara woman was referred to YPK Mandiri Hospital after having incontinence to flatus, to urinate and passive soiling. Three months before admission, she had her first child through vaginal delivery.Discussion: She was diagnosed with a third-degree obstetric anal sphincter injury (OASIS). Rectal examination with digital palpation (pill-rolling motion) and ultrasound examination, revealed a distinct gap anteriorly (10 – 2 o'clock). End to end technique was preferred to repair the defect.Conclusion: A good understanding of perineal and anal sphincter anatomy is essential to diagnose OASIS. The aim of reconstructive surgery is to restore the continuity of both the external and internal anal sphincters. Ideally, the repair should be performed as soon as possible after the injury.Keywords:obstetric anal sphincter injuries, OASIS, third-degree tear, perineum, perineal trauma.&#x0D; &#x0D; Abstrak&#x0D; Tujuan:Untuk mendeskripsikan dan diskusi tentang tehnik dalam mendiagnosa, mempersiapkan operasi reparasi dan manajemen pasca operasi pada kasus rupture perineum lama.Metode:Sebuah laporan kasus yang diambil dari pasien perrempuan 28 tahun primipara yang dirujuk ke RS YPK Mandiri setelah mengeluhkan inkontinensia flatus, urin, dan keluarnya feses tanpa disadari. Tiga bulan sebelumnya, pasien melahirkan anak pertama melalui persalinan pervaginam.Diskusi: Diagnosa pasien adalah cedera sfingter ani obstetrik derajat tiga. Pemeriksaan rektal dengan palpasi digital (gerakan pill-rolling) dan pemeriksaan ultrasonografi, memperlihatkan adanya penipisan di daerah anterior (arah jam 10 – 2). Teknik end to end dipilih untuk memperbaiki defek.Kesimpulan:Pengetahuan yang baik mengenai anatomi perineum dan sfingter ani penting untuk mendiagnosis OASIS. Tujuan utama dari operasi rekonstruksi adalah untuk memperbaiki kontinuitas dari sfingter ani eksternal dan internal. Idealnya, reparasi dilakukan secepat mungkin setelah terjadinya cedera.&#x0D; Kata kunci: cedera sfingter ani obstetrik, OASIS, perineum, trauma perineum, robekan derajat tiga

The effect of the first vaginal birth on pelvic floor anatomy and dysfunction

Introduction and hypothesisFirst vaginal delivery severely interferes with pelvic floor anatomy and function. This study determines maternal and pregnancy-related risk factors for pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD), including urinary incontinence (UI), urgency, anal incontinence (AI), pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and levator ani muscle (LAM) avulsion.MethodsThis is a single-centre prospective observational cohort study on healthy women in their first singleton pregnancy. All underwent clinical and 3D transperineal ultrasound examination at 6 weeks and 12 months postpartum. Objective outcomes were POP-Q and presence or absence of LAM trauma. Functional outcomes were measured by the ICIQ-SF and PISQ 12. Multivariate regression was performed to determine birth and maternal habitus-related risk factors for UI, urgency, AI, dyspareunia, LAM avulsion and ballooning.ResultsNine hundred eighty-seven women were included. Risk factors for UI were maternal age per year of age (OR: 1.09; 95% CI: 1.04–1.13; p = 0.0001) and BMI before pregnancy (OR: 1.08; 95% CI: 1.04–1.13; p = 0.001); for POP stage II+ maternal age (OR: 1.08; 95% CI: 1.08–1.14; p = 0.005). Avulsion was more likely after forceps (OR: 3.22; 95% CI:1.54–8.22; p = 0.015) but less likely after epidural analgesia (OR: 0.58; 95% CI: 0.37–0.90; p = 0.015) and grade I perineal rupture (OR: 0.50; 95% CI: 0.29–0.85; p = 0.012). Ballooning was more likely at increased maternal age (OR: 1.08; 95% CI: 1.02–1.13; p = 0.005), epidural (OR: 1.64; 95% CI: 1.06–2.55; p = 0.027) and grade I perineal rupture (OR: 1.79; 95% CI: 1.10–2.90; p = 0.018).ConclusionThough maternal characteristics at birth such as age or BMI increase the risk of PFD, labour and birth factors play a similarly important role. The most critical risk factor for MLA avulsion was forceps delivery, while an epidural had a protective effect.

The Effect of Perineal Massage on Perineal Status and Duration of Labor

&lt;pre&gt;Perineal rupture in postpartum mothers causes bleeding, pain, and high dependency on others after the birth. The preliminary study results showed that 68.81% of postpartum mothers experienced perineal rupture. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of perineal massage on perineal status and length of labor. It was quasi-experimental research with control group post-test only design. The population were all expectant mothers in the Yogyakarta Community Health Center. A sample of 60 respondents were divided into control and intervention groups using a random sampling method. The inclusion criteria were 20-35 years old, singleton pregnancy, spontaneous labor, and gestational age of 34-36 weeks. The study instrument used was an observation sheet. Data were analyzed using descriptive, t-test independent, Mann-Whitney’s, and linear regression test. Results. The results showed that perineal massage affects perineal status (p &amp;lt; 0.001) and the duration of stage I and stage II of labor (p &amp;lt; 0.001). Perineal massage affects perineal status and the duration of labor in the Yogyakarta City Community Health Center.&lt;/pre&gt;

The effect of sitting and soaking therapy with binahong leaf (Anredera cordifolia) decoction on perineal wound healing

Objective: To analyze the effect of sitting and soaking therapy with the decoction of Anredera cordifolia on the perineal wound healing in postpartum period mothers.Materials and Methods: The research method used is the Quasi-Experiment with pretest-posttest control group design, a sample of 62 primiparous postpartum period mothers with 2nd-grade perineal rupture. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling to obtain 31 respondents treated by 31 respondents. The wound healing variable was observed using the REEDA scale. The characteristic analysis is tested using Mann-Whitney statistical test, while to test the effect analysis is tested using the Wilcoxon test.Results: The results of this study in the intervention group showed 52.71% was cured after getting treatment for perineal wounds sitting and soaking therapy with the decoction of Anredera cordifolia. On the other hand, in the control group, using only clean water shows 27.90% recovered. Analysis data effect of using the decoction of Anredera cordifolia 25% containing on perineal wound healing showed results with Wilcoxon Test with value (p&lt;0.05).Conclusion: Based on this result there is an effect of sitting and soaking therapy with the decoction of Anredera cordifolia on perineal wound healing for postpartum mothers.