Peri Lagoon Research Articles

Distribuição do ictioplâncton determinada por diferentes ambientes em uma lagoa costeira de água doce

Abstract Aim This study aimed to evaluate the spatial and temporal distribution of ichthyoplankton in the Peri Lagoon, a coastal freshwater lagoon in Brazil. Methods Ichthyoplankton samples were collected every two months from June 2008 to April 2010 with 500 µm conical-cylindrical planktonic nets at five sampling stations. Results In total, 181 fish eggs and 1,315 larvae, representing estuarine and freshwater species, were captured. The most representative species were Awaous tajasica, Ctenogobius sp1, and Platanichthys platana. Significant differences were found in temporal egg distribution and larval spatiotemporal distribution (Kruskal-Wallis test, p < 0.05). Eggs were predominantly captured during the autumn, winter, and spring Neotropical seasons. Geospatial analysis demonstrated spatial segregation in the distribution of larval assemblages, with higher abundances in areas adjacent to riparian forests, following stream mouths, and deeper areas with rocky substrates. Conclusions Proximity to streams and areas surrounded by dense forests is crucial for the spawning and development of fish species in the Peri Lagoon. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the conservation of the ichthyofauna in this unique environment.

Reproductive dynamics of Lycengraulis grossidens (Clupeiformes: Engraulidae) and Platanichthys platana (Clupeiformes: Clupeidae) in a subtropical coastal lagoon.

We evaluated the reproductive dynamics of two fish species, Lycengraulis grossidens and Platanichthys platana, in a subtropical freshwater coastal lagoon (Peri Lagoon) in Brazil. Samples were collected from nine sites every two months from June 2008 to April 2012. Different fishing methods were used to capture larvae, juveniles, and adults. Limnological variables were obtained using multiparameter probe. More females than males were collected of both fish species and the chi-square test (χ2) was used to confirm that the sex ratio was female-biased. Large numbers of maturing and mature fishes were observed in almost every sampling month. The gonadosomatic index (GSI) of L. grossidens was the highest in August, October, and December for females and in October for males, and no significant difference was found across years. The GSI of P. platana showed no significant difference across months for either sex; however, significant differences were recorded in year three (June 2010-April 2011) and year four (June 2011-April 2012) for females and in year three (June 2010-April 2011) for males. For both species, GSI was negatively correlated with temperature and water level. L. grossidens larvae were more abundant in October 2010, showing a positive correlation with water transparency, whereas P. platana larvae were more abundant in June 2011, showing a positive correlation with water transparency and negative correlation with temperature and precipitation. Both species were represented by different stages, including larvae, which confirm that these species reproduce in Peri Lagoon. Reproduction was more pronounced in autumn and winter; however, reproductive activity was evident throughout the sampling period. In conclusion, our results show that abiotic factors strongly influence the temporal pattern of reproductive activity and larval assemblages of both L. grossidens and P. platana in Peri Lagoon, Brazil.

Low-cost approach to increase the analysis throughput of bar adsorptive microextraction (BAµE) combined with environmentally-friendly renewable sorbent phase of recycled diatomaceous earth

In this study, a novel apparatus for bar adsorptive microextraction (BAµE) using a voltage regulator was proposed as an alternative tool to improve the analysis throughput. In addition, recycled diatomaceous earth obtained as a brewery residue was employed as a biosorbent coating for the determination of methyl paraben, ethyl paraben, benzophenone and triclocarban in water samples by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection (HPLC-DAD). The use of the extraction devices, comprised of floating adsorptive bars of 7.5mm length, in the extractions with magnetic stirrers linked to a voltage regulator enabled the analysis of multiple samples, simultaneously. The method optimization was carried out by univariate and multivariate analyses. The optimal conditions for the method were sample solution at pH 5, extraction time of 90min and liquid desorption in 100µL of acetonitrile:methanol (50:50, v/v) for 15min. The total sample preparation time was 17.5min per sample for a simultaneous batch of six extractions. The R2 values for the calibration curves obtained were higher than 0.9985. The limits of detection (LODs) varied from 0.19 to 2μgL−1 and the limits of quantification (LOQs) ranged from 0.63 to 6.9μgL−1. The method was applied to freshwater samples collected from Peri Lagoon (Florianópolis, SC, Brazil) and the relative recoveries ranged from 63% to 124% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of < 20% (n = 2). The RSD values for the reproducibility of the performance of the magnetic stirrers and inter-device extraction efficiency were lower than 14% (n = 3) and 11% (n = 3), respectively.

Percepção ambiental dos moradores das comunidades de Ratones e Lagoa do Peri, Ilha de Santa Catarina

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1807-0221.2017v14n25p150A falta de saneamento básico está ligada ao crescimento populacional desconexo de políticas públicas na Ilha de Santa Catarina. Este trabalho, desenvolvido entre julho de 2015 e julho de 2016, teve como objetivo avaliar as percepções de ribeirinhos no município de Florianópolis sobre a situação de corpos d’água nas localidades do Rio Ratones e da Lagoa do Peri. Foram entrevistados 51 moradores no total. Os moradores de Ratones conheciam um maior número de rios da Ilha e relataram abastecimento direto de suas residências por corpos d'água superficiais. Na comunidade da Lagoa do Peri a maioria das residências são abastecidas pela rede pública (CASAN). Ambas as comunidades realizam filtragem intradomiciliar da água, consideram suas matas ciliares degradadas, a chuva importante para os ecossistemas e relataram falta de tratamento de esgoto. Conclui-se que os moradores apresentam uma visão ambiental antropocêntrica.

Ecophysiological characterization and toxin profile of two strains of Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii isolated from a subtropical lagoon in Southern Brazil

In the present work, we attempted to characterize two isolates of Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, LP1 and LP2, from Peri Lagoon, for their morphology, ecophysiology, and toxin profiles. The genetic identity of the isolates was confirmed by amplifying and sequencing 16S rRNA. The isolates showed different morphologies and significant differences in the length of trichomes. LP2 showed a trend for higher growth rates than LP1 at the different temperatures and N:P ratios. Both isolates showed low light requirements, but were able to tolerate irradiances of around 200 μmol photons m−2 s−1. LP2 showed higher concentrations of saxitoxin than LP1 and wider range of analogs, therefore being considered more toxic. These results support the hypothesis of ecotype selection for this species, which probably originated in response to environmental fluctuations in Peri Lagoon. Dominance during almost the entire year can be explained by the alternation of these ecotypes in the total biomass contribution according to their physiological advantages, contributing to the ecological success of this species.

Structure and diversity of fishes in a freshwater and coastal subtropical lagoon.

This study examined the fish communities of Peri Lagoon in southern Brazil to aid in the development of an effective management plan because the area is under threat from human activities. Sampling of fish fauna, ichthyoplankton and limnological data were compared between sites, differing by habitat type and characteristics such as depth, substratum composition and vegetation type. Results were significantly related to site, with the highest diversity and abundance recorded at shallow vegetated sites. A total of 14 fish species were recorded throughout the lagoon, with the most abundant being Hyphessobrycon luetkenii. Of the 14 species, half were sampled at their larval stage, suggesting a healthy and protected system. Significantly more larvae and eggs were collected during colder months (autumn to winter) and at sites closer to stream flow, possibly owing to increased food sources and habitat protection. This study highlights the importance of Peri Lagoon as a nursery ground for a wide range of fish species, providing essential information for incorporation into the future protection of fish stocks throughout Brazil.

Spatial distribution of enteric viruses and somatic coliphages in a Lagoon used as drinking water source and recreation in Southern Brazil.

This study aimed to evaluate the contamination level of the Peri Lagoon, the main freshwater reservoir of Santa Catarina Island, Southern Brazil, for human adenovirus (HAdV), hepatitis A virus (HAV), rotavirus species A (RVA), and somatic coliphages (SOMCPH). Viruses were also investigated in sediments and their sensitivity against natural sunlight was analysed by studying their spatial distribution in different depths of the water column. A total of 84 water samples and 48 sediment samples were examined by qPCR or RT-qPCR. Infectivity of HAdV and SOMCPH was determined and quantified by plaque assay method. A sum of 64% and 48% of water and sediment samples were positive for HAdV, respectively. RVA was present in 33% and 18% of water and sediment samples, and 25% of water samples were positive for HAV. HAdV were infectious in 76% of water and 83% of sediment samples that were positive by qPCR. SOMCPH could be detected in 42% and 18% of water and sediment samples, respectively. The data pointed a variation of viruses' prevalence according to the different water column depths. These results demonstrated that water sources and sediments contaminated by human wastes could play an important role in the recontamination of water columns harvested for further treatment or used for recreational purposes. These data can be of great value for future risk assessment analysis.

Enteric viruses in surface water and sediment samples from the catchment area of Peri Lagoon, Santa Catarina State, Brazil.

This paper aims to quantify human adenovirus (HAdV), rotavirus species A (RVA), and hepatitis A virus (HAV) in surface water and sediments and to determine the viability of HAdV in these samples. Water and sediment samples were collected, and HAdV, RVA, and HAV were quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR); HAdV was also evaluated for infectivity by a plaque assay (PA). For the water samples, HAdV was detected in 70.8% of the summer collections, with 82.4% containing infectious HAdV; the HAdV incidence in winter was 62.5%. For the sediment samples, the incidence of HAdV was 37.5% in the summer collections, with 66.7% containing infectious HAdV; the HAdV incidence in winter was 37.5%. RVA was detected in 20.8 and 45.8% of surface water samples collected in summer and winter, respectively, and 8.3 and 12.5% of sediment samples collected in summer and winter, respectively. HAV was detected only in surface waters, with 54.8 and 12.5% positivity in summer and winter samples, respectively. This study demonstrated that enteric viruses are present in water and sediments and that the presence of infectious viruses should be investigated whenever possible for quantitative microbial risk assessment studies. Combined analyses of water and sediments are important for reliable public health risk analysis of recreational and lagoon waters.

Low disturbances favor steady state: case of cyanobacterial monodominance in a Brazilian coastal lagoon

Steady state occurs mainly under less pronounced abiotic variation, leading to low diversity and nonsuccessional change, opposite from the nonequilibrium concept. Permanent circulation of a waterbody creates a low disturbance status but does not represent a disturbance because it does not change the diversity and dominance of species. Phytoplankton composition was analyzed in a shallow Brazilian coastal lagoon, Peri (Santa Catarina State, Brazil), in the cold-dry and hot-rainy periods during 2009–2010. Uninterrupted steady state conditions occurred along with the mono-dominance of the cyanobacteria Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, which dominated under a nonstratification regime and low availability of dissolved nutrients. Primary production measured as resource-use efficiency indicated a capacity for this species to convert phosphorus into biomass as well as its ability to effective exploit resources. Differences in temperature and nitrogen availability seemed to be the driving parameters for interseasonal changes in the phytoplankton community in Peri Lagoon. Models of competition that predict greater diversity, which lead to greater levels of primary productivity and more complete utilization of limiting resources, were not confirmed in this study. The presence of the dinoflagellate Peridinium umbonatum and C. raciborskii together is suggested to represent shallow, mixed, turbid, and nutrient-deficient ecosystems. Although competitive exclusion would be the primary mechanism that selects for species equilibrium, higher adaptability by a few species under selective conditions seems to be the most important factor in the occurrence of steady states.

Evaluation and molecular characterization of human adenovirus in drinking water supplies: viral integrity and viability assays

BackgroundHuman adenoviruses (HAdVs) are the second-leading cause of childhood gastroenteritis worldwide. This virus is commonly found in environmental waters and is very resistant to water disinfection and environmental stressors, especially UV light inactivation. Molecular techniques, such as PCR-based methods (Polymerase Chain Reaction), are commonly used to detect and identify viral contamination in water, although PCR alone does not allow the discrimination between infectious and non-infectious viral particles. A combination of cell culture and PCR has allowed detection of infectious viruses that grow slowly or fail to produce cytopathic effects (CPE) in cell culture. This study aimed to assess the integrity and viability of human adenovirus (HAdV) in environmental water and evaluate circulating strains by molecular characterization in three sites of the water supply in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina Island, Brazil: Peri Lagoon water, spring source water, and water from the public water supply system.MethodsWater samples were collected, concentrated and HAdV quantified by real-time PCR. Viral integrity was evaluated by enzymatic assay (DNase I) and infectivity by plaque assay (PA) and integrated cell culture using transcribed mRNA (ICC-RT-qPCR). Samples containing particles of infectious HAdV were selected for sequencing and molecular characterization.ResultsThe analyzed sites contained 83, 66 and 58% undamaged HAdV particles (defined as those in which the genetic material is protected by the viral capsid) at Peri Lagoon, spring source water and public supply system water, respectively. Of these, 66% of the particles (by PA) and 75% (by ICC-RT-qPCR) HAdV were shown to be infectious, due to being undamaged in Peri Lagoon, 33% (by PA) and 58% (by ICC-RT-qPCR) in spring source water and 8% (by PA) and 25% (by ICC-RT-qPCR) in the public water supply system. ICC-RT-qPCR, a very sensitive and rapid technique, was able to detect as low as 1 × 102 HAdV genome copies per milliliter of infectious viral particles in the environmental water samples. The molecular characterization studies indicated that HAdV-2 was the prevalent serotype.ConclusionsThese results indicate a lack of proper public health measures. We suggest that HAdV can be efficiently used as a marker of environmental and drinking water contamination and ICC-RT-qPCR demonstrated greater sensitivity and speed of detection of infectious viral particles compared to PA.

Inter- and intra-guild patterns of food resource utilization by chironomid larvae in a subtropical coastal lagoon

Studies on food preferences provide background information on the mechanisms that allow coexistence and resource exploitation among several species within the same system. In this study, we aimed to identify the trophic guild of chironomid larvae based on their feeding habits using gut content analysis. Larvae were collected using an Eckman-Birge grab in many areas of the subtropical Peri lagoon (southern Brazil) seasonally between March 2008 and April 2009. Null models were used to determine the frequency of co-occurrence of food items in the diets of chironomid larvae and to determine the frequency of co-occurrence of species belonging to a particular guild. Significant differences (seasonal or annual) were observed in patterns of co-occurrence of food items in the larval diets. Animal remains had a lower co-occurrence than would be expected as a result of chance, and plant items had a co-occurrence greater than would be expected by chance. The c scores for co-occurrence of species belonging to both predator and herbivore guilds revealed a higher co-occurrence of species than would be expected by chance. We suggest that the factors responsible for the results of this study were resource partitioning among species, habitat heterogeneity and resource availability in the environment.

Surveillance of human viral contamination and physicochemical profiles in a surface water lagoon

The present study evaluated the contamination of a surface water lagoon (Peri Lagoon) in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil, by human adenovirus (HAdV), polyomavirus JC (JCPyV), hepatitis A virus (HAV) and rotavirus species A (RVA). Efforts were driven to determine the correlation between viral presence and the physicochemical parameters of the lagoon and measure the distribution of these viruses throughout the year (June 2010 to May 2011). A total of 48 samples were collected, concentrated and analyzed by qPCR (quantitative polymerase chain reaction). Approximately 96% of the samples were positive for HAdV (46/48), 65% were positive for RVA (31/48), 21% were positive for JCPyV (10/48) and 12% were positive for HAV (6/48). The presence of JCPyV was positively correlated with that of NO(2)(-)N, and also there was a positive correlation between the presence of each one of the viruses (HAdV, HAV and RVA) in winter. Samples from water dedicated for human consumption and recreation tested positive for HAdV by qPCR. These samples were also subjected to viral integrity and viability assays: 83% (10/12) contained intact viral particles and 66% (8/12) contained infectious particles. Our results demonstrate the release of human waste into water sources, justifying the urgent need to add viral parameters to water quality surveillance.

Seed dispersal and predation in the palm Syagrus romanzoffiana on two islands with different faunal richness, southern Brazil

Palms are considered key species in tropical forests and represent a source of food for the community of frugivores in times of scarcity. Palms have also been used as a model to investigate how the processes of dispersal and seed predation are affected by fragmentation and alteration of tropical forests. This study examines the dispersal and seed predation of Syagrus romanzoffiana in two insular environments of different sizes (1500 ha and 50 ha) and faunal compositions, both located in the Brazilian Atlantic rainforest in Santa Catarina State, Brazil. We recorded 13 species of animals considered consumers and dispersers of fruits and seeds of S. romanzoffiana at the larger study area (Peri Lagoon Municipal Park, Santa Catarina Island) and five species on Campeche Island. In these areas, the rates of dispersal were high (Peri 57.5% to 75.5% and Campeche 81.5% to 93.0%, based on the removal experiments). In the smaller area, despite the low faunal richness, the coatis (Nasua nasua), introduced in the island were important seed dispersers. Only in Peri occurred predation by rodents (rates of 4%) due to the presence of agoutis (Dasyprocta azarae) and there was no post-dispersal predation by insects. The greatest loss of seeds (52% in both locations, based on sampling of seeds accumulated under parent plants) were caused by predation of Revena rubiginosa (Coleoptera, Curculionidae), of which oviposition occurs in the pre-dispersal phase. Besides this factor, about 40% of the seeds showed up without endosperm. However, high seed production seems to compensate for these losses, with significant seedling stock of S. romanzoffiana in both areas. Palmeiras são consideradas espécies-chave em florestas tropicais representando fonte de alimento para a comunidade de frugívoros em épocas de escassez. Palmeiras também têm sido usadas como modelo de estudo na avaliação de como os processos de dispersão e predação de sementes são afetados pela fragmentação e alteração das florestas tropicais. Este estudo examina a dispersão e predação das sementes de Syagrus romanzoffiana em dois ambientes insulares de diferentes tamanhos (1500ha e 50ha) e composições faunísticas, ambos localizados em área de Mata Atlântica no Estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil. Foram registradas 13 espécies de animais considerados consumidores e dispersores dos frutos e sementes de S. romanzoffiana na maior área estudada (Parque Municipal da Lagoa do Peri, Ilha de Santa Catarina) e cinco espécies na Ilha do Campeche. Nestas áreas, as taxas de dispersão foram altas (Peri 57,5% a 75,5% e Campeche 81,5% a 93,0%, com base em experimentos de remoção). Na menor área, apesar da baixa riqueza faunística, os quatis (Nasua nasua), introduzidos nessa ilha, foram importantes dispersores das sementes. Somente ocorreu predação por roedores no Peri (taxas de 4%) devido à presença de cotias (Dasyprocta azarae) e não houve predação pós-dispersão causada por insetos. A maior perda de sementes (52% em ambas as localidades, com base em amostragem de sementes acumuladas sob plantas-mãe) foi causada por predação de larvas de Revena rubiginosa (Coleoptera, Curculionidae), cuja oviposição ocorre na fase de pré-dispersão. Além deste fator, cerca de 40% das sementes mostravam-se sem endosperma. Contudo, a alta produção de sementes parece compensar essas perdas, havendo expressivo estoque de plântulas de S. romanzoffiana em ambas as áreas.

Aquatic invertebrate's distribution in a freshwater coastal lagoon of southern Brazil in relation to water and sediment characteristics

AIM: The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of water and sediment characteristics on the abundance, richness and diversity of the benthic invertebrate community in Peri lagoon, a freshwater coastal lagoon located in central coast of Santa Catarina State; METHODS: Samplings were performed in April, May and June 2009, in five different sites of Peri lagoon. The samples were taken with an Eckman-Birge drag, totalizing 60 for the invertebrate community, and 45 for sediment. Water physicochemical variables were also measured. Environmental influences in benthic community have been measured using a Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA). Linear regressions were also plotted for main correlations; RESULTS: A total of 5,535 specimens were collected, identified into 18 taxa. Tanaidacea was the most abundant representing 54% of relative abundance, followed by Diptera (23%), and Ostracoda (17%). The richest family was Chironomidae with 6 taxa. CCA results indicated positive correlation between Chaoborus and Stenocypris with local depth, and negative correlation between Odonata, Gastropoda, Cytheridella and Coleoptera with the finest grains of sediment, as well as between Tanaidacea, Lopescladius, Annelida and Nematoda with both organic matter (OM) content in sediment and local depth. Linear regression analysis demonstrated inverse relation of Tanaidacea in response to OM (y = 0.6 - 0.62.OM) and sand (y = 0.6 - 0.6.sand), and of Lopescladius in response to OM (y = 0.37 - 0.41.OM) and sand (y = 0.37 - 0.46.sand). The fact that Peri lagoon has no marine influence and has Tanaidacea as the most abundant taxa, a group not expected in freshwaters, gives to this lagoon a particular relevance among coastal lagoons. The study concluded that sediment characteristics and local depth are more significant than water variables in determining the benthic community structure in Peri lagoon, which varied in accordance with different local conditions.

Spatial and temporal dynamic of trophic relevant parameters in a subtropical coastal lagoon in Brazil

Coastal lagoons are ecologically and economically important environments but a relative low number of studies were carried out in subtropical and permanently closed coastal lagoons. The present study aimed at assessing the temporal and spatial dynamic of trophic relevant water quality parameters in the small, deep and freshwater Peri coastal lagoon, South Brazil. During the 19 sampled months (March/2008-September/2009) spatial homogeneity (horizontal and vertical) was registered in all seasons for all variables, a condition related to the strong wind influence and low human occupation in the lagoon watershed. Seasonal variations of the water quality could be observed and they can be explained mainly by variation on temperature, wind forces and direction and rainfall, characteristic from the subtropical weather. Comparing this study with two others conducted in Peri lagoon in 1996 and 1998, no critical differences that evidence alteration in the water quality were found, but climate differences may have influenced in some small variations observed. The use of four trophic state indices indicated that indices designed for temperate lakes are inappropriate for the subtropical Peri lagoon. The lagoon was classified as oligotrophic for nutrients concentrations and meso-eutrophic for transparency and chlorophyll-a, which can be explained by the high densities and monodominance of the cyanobacterium Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii and the high recycling rates observed in warmer water bodies, when compared to the temperate ones.

Seasonal phytoplankton response to increased temperature and phosphorus inputs in a freshwater coastal lagoon, Southern Brazil: a microcosm bioassay

Aim: the present study aimed at assessing the response of phytoplankton biomass (as chlorophyll-a) to simulated conditions of increased water temperature and phosphorus (P) inputs in Peri lagoon, a subtropical coastal lagoon dominated by Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii most of the year; Methods: microcosm experiments were conducted in thermostatic light chambers during 3 and 7 days in austral summer, autumn and winter 2009. Control temperatures were tested against 3 and 5 °C rises in water temperature in each season. In each temperature treatment, three P concentrations were tested: control (non-enriched, ~1.5 µg.L -1 PO 4 3+ ) and enrichments of four (+6 µg.L -1 PO 4 3+ ) and eight (+12 µg.L -1 PO 4 3+ ) times natural concentrations; Results: the results showed that P enrichments alone did not increase chlorophyll-a concentrations, but temperature increases significantly elevated phytoplankton biomass in autumn and winter microcosms. Water temperature increases were followed by significant elevations in the oxygen saturation levels in all microcosms and seasons. The combined effect of increased temperature and P enrichments resulted in the highest chlorophyll-a levels also in autumn and winter. Summer microcosms seem to have been negatively affected by the experimental conditions (too high water temperatures); Conclusions: the bioassays showed that global temperature rises can significantly elevate the phytoplankton biomass in Peri coastal lagoon, especially in colder months and if followed by increased P inputs, what can lead to major ecological consequences to the water body and to water supply issues in the region.

Uma revisão da disponibilidade de dados ecológicos visando o direcionamento de novas pesquisas na Lagoa do Peri

A review on the availability of ecological data aiming new researches in Peri lagoon. The increase in population as well as the water resource demand has been intensifying the human influence in Peri Lagoonbasin. A review on the availability of data concerning the ecology of Peri Lagoon was made, aiming at the development of new researches to understand the functioning of this ecosystem. This information can contribute to the elaboration of a conservation proposal and sustainable use of the Lagoon in the future. High cyanobacteria density (Cylindrospe- rmopsis raciborskii) was detected in the Lagoon waters, which happens to be a risky situation for the ecosystem’s health and consequently for the population. The review highlights a lack of available information about the dynamics, functioning and structure of aquatic communities, as well as their relationships with the surrounding area and the influence of abiotic factors. Series of continuum data with respect to time are also considered to be lacking. Educational, political and social practices in environmental conservation are necessary, aiming at the management and sustainable use of Peri Lagoon basin. These practices will guarantee water resource quality and availability for the current and future generations.