Performance Of Yarns Research Articles

Impact of material, structure and relaxation process parameters of elasticized single-knitted fabrics on loop length

The development of knitted fabrics with incorporated elastane has increased in recent decades. Knitting with these elasticized yarns usually results in a very compact structure. Loop length is considered to be the primary parameter for knitted structures. Consequently, knowledge of all factors influencing loop length is vital for planning yarn consumption, comfort fit, quality, performance and aesthetic properties of knitted fabrics made from elasticized yarns. The objective of this research was to study the impact of material, knitted structure and relaxation process parameters on loop length. In addition, the objective was to examine the differences in loop length of single weft knitted fabrics, produced from different types of elasticized and non-elasticized yarns. For both groups of knitted fabrics, elasticized and non-elasticized, knitted fabric density and relaxation process influence the loop length most of all. Loop length decreases during the process of consolidation, but this decrease is not substantial. Addition of elastane does not significantly influence the loop length.

Fiber and Yarn Performance of Upland Cotton with Improved Fiber Bundle Strength

ABSTRACTThe U.S. cotton (Gossypium spp.) industry has shifted focus in recent years to an export market, necessitating further development of upland cotton (G. hirsutum L.) cultivars with superior fiber properties to maintain competitiveness. This study was conducted to compare both fiber and yarn performance of upland cotton genotypes with similar average fiber length but enhanced fiber bundle strength (Str) with two high quality commercial controls, ‘FM 832LL’ and ‘DP 491’. The high Str strains and commercial upland controls were grown in Weslaco, TX, during the summers of 2009 and 2010 with standard agronomic practices for south Texas, including furrow irrigation. Plots were spindle‐machine harvested, seedcotton ginned on a research gin without a lint cleaner, and lint and yarn tested at the Fiber and Biopolymer Research Institute (FBRI) in Lubbock, TX. Lint and yarn data collected included high volume instrument (HVI) and advanced fiber information system (AFIS) derived data and ring spun yarn data (mini‐spinning protocol). Years were different for almost every fiber and yarn property except Str, immature fiber content (IFC), yarn tenacity (Ten), work required for yarn breakage (Work to Break) and the number of thin places per kilometer that are at least 50% smaller in diameter than adjacent portions of yarn (Thin). All of the high Str strains had higher Ten in 2009 than the controls and 9 of the 11 had higher Ten in 2010. The high Str genotypes resulted in more even yarns (as determined with the Uster Tester 3 [Uster Technologies]).

Research on the Performance of the Germanium Fiber and Yarn

The main work of this paper is the test of morphological structure and Infrared spectrum of Germanium fiber , strength、humidity content、fineness uniformity、humidity content and resistance to acids and bases of Germanium yarns, to prove that the special properties of the Germanium fiber yarn suitable for the production of health next-to-skin apparel. Aimed at providing the relative theoretical guidance and preparation of personal clothing and fabrics when to use the Germanium fiber blended yarn for producing the next-to-skin apparel in the textile sector .

Abrasion evaluation of spliced and parent yarns with a new simulator abrader tester

In order to evaluate the abrasion effect on both spliced and parent yarn performances, a newly developed abrader tester simulating the real cumulative weaving stresses is used. Three weaving parameters: loom speed, splice positions during weaving and yarn tension are tested to simulate the mechanical behaviour of spliced and parent thread yarns. The results show that the spliced yarn’s abrasion resistance, expressed by lifetime cycle numbers, is more affected by the weaving parameters used in our developed abrader simulator tester than by others. In this work, the results obtained by our simulator abrader tester and the cyclical tensioning ones are compared to regression analysis models. According to the highest coefficients of determination ranging from 0.955 to 0.999, it is found that a good prediction of spliced and parent yarn breakages is possible. Comparing two interesting splice positions on the loom: the splice beat-up position and the splice shedding one, we conclude that the splice shedding position increases breakage rate.

Study on the static and dynamic strengths and weavability of spun yarns

This study reports on the analysis of tenacity and breaking elongation of ring-, rotor- and air-jet-polyester/viscose spun yarns measured using static- and dynamic tensile testers. The weavability, a measure of performance of these yarns in post spinning operations is quantified. The yarn diameters and helix angles of fibres in these yarns are measured in order to analyze the effect of types of spun yarn and blend proportion on yarn elongations. The dynamic tenacity is highly correlated with the weavability than the average static tenacity measured at 500 mm gauge length. The minimum static tenacity obtained from 100 tests has high correlation with the dynamic tenacity. The present study indicates that it is appropriate to evaluate the performance of spun yarns in winding, warping and weaving based on the dynamic yarn tenacity measured while running a 200 m length of yarn in a constant tension transport tester or the minimum static yarn tenacity obtained using any conventional constant rate extension (CRE) tensile testers corresponding to a total test length of 50 m.

Research on the Application of New Accessory Ingredient in Cashmere Hank Yarn Dyeing

Abstract There exist many problems in the process of cashmere yarn dyeing such as great difficulty in dyeing, large damage to yarn, low strength, and lack of brightness in color. Currently the technologies of hank yarn dyeing in foreign countries are very advanced, but most of them aim for hank yarn dyeing of cotton and silk with few reports on the research about hank dyeing of cashmere. In this paper, we will use reactive dyes to dye cashmere yarn, do comparative experiment on pre-treatment lotion Kierlon OL and Da ai wen, and add a smooth anti-creasing agent Primasol JET and cashmere protective agent WSM in the dyeing process and analyze their impact on the performance of cashmere hank yarn dyeing to determine a reasonable dose of accessory ingredient. This dyeing program can be applied to guide the actual production, achieving the effects of improving the performance of cashmere hank yarn dyeing and enhancing the quality of dyed yarn

Improving conduction and mechanical reliability of woven metal interconnects

We present a simple fabrication process that produces reliable electronic textile backplanes. We electroplate copper onto woven conductive yarns in order to improve the yarn's conductivity as well as the reliability of electrical contact points between the conductive warp and weft yarns. This process improves the electrical performance of the woven yarns and of the warp/weft contacts by a factor of 1.22 and 3.63, respectively. Also, in mechanical tests, the electroplated textiles show improved electrical performance when subjected to mechanical strain. Furthermore, we use this process to mount electronic submounts onto the textile substrate on top of which electronic components could be easily connected, thereby creating an electronic textile backplane.

Manufacturing and Properties of Yarns Containing Metal Wires

In this work, conductive yarn manufacturing that is formed by wrapping metal wire around the cotton yarn is described. Roving material at different thicknesses and copper and stainless steel-based wires having different diameters were fed into the ring frame to produce yarns containing metal wires. Performance of the composite yarns was tested by measuring yarn count, hairiness, and tensile properties. These yarns can be used in broad application areas of smart textiles for electromagnetic shielding effectiveness, dissipation of static electric charge, or conductive textile applications.

Study on Alginate Fiber Core-Spun Yarn by Friction Spinning

Alginate fibres are difficult to spin on the traditional ring spinning machine. Friction core-spun yarn which took alginate fibers as main wrapped fibers and cotton yarn as core yarn were developed on DREF-Ⅲ. The influence of main spinning technical parameters, such as spinning speed, friction roller speed and core yarn percentage, on the yarn performances was studied by means of orthogonal experiment and the optimized technical was put forward. The results showed that the overall performance of the core-spun yarn would be better as spinning speed of 100 m/min, friction roller speed of 4000r/min, core yarn percentage of 50% respectively.

Study on Properties about Bamboo Yarns

In order to understand the basic performances of bamboo yarns, the tensile strength, abrasion resistance and hairiness of yarns are analyzed through the comparison of bamboo yarns, cotton yarns and ramie yarns. Bamboo yarns show a higher strength, a lower breaking elongation, a better abrasive resistance and an obvious hairiness. Because of the existence of uneven fineness, the strength of bamboo yarns display a higher level of unevenness than cotton yarns and ramie yarns. After moisture absorption, the strength, initial modulus and work to break will increase remarkably.

Transverse Impact Response of a Linear Elastic Ballistic Fiber Yarn

Transverse impact response of a linear elastic Kevlar® KM2 fiber yarn was determined at various striking speeds from Hopkinson bar and gas gun experiments incorporated with high-speed photography techniques. Upon transverse impact, a triangle shape was formed in the fiber yarn. Both longitudinal and transverse waves were produced and propagated outwards the fiber yarn. Both the angle of the triangle and Euler transverse wave speed vary with striking speeds. The relationship between the Euler transverse wave speed and the striking speed was determined. The transverse impact response of the fiber yarn was also analyzed with a model, which agrees well with the experimental results. The model shows that the longitudinal wave speed is critical in the ballistic performance of the fiber yarn. At a certain striking speed, a higher longitudinal wave speed produces a higher Euler transverse wave speed, enabling us to spread the load and dissipate the impact energy faster, such that the ballistic performance of the fiber yarn is improved.

Development on the Multi-Component Blending Yarn of Hemp/ Anti Bacteria Fine Rayon/Micro-Porous Polyester Fiber

The hemp, anti-bacteria fine rayon and micro-porous polyester fiber were select to spin into the multi-component blending yarn by ring spinning process. The performances of these fibers were analysed, the spinning process were presented. The multi-component blending yarn of Hemp/Anti bacteria fine rayon/micro-porous polyester fiber of excellent was spun successfully, and the performance of yarn was examined and discussed.

Prediction of Weavability of Warp Yarns: A Critical Review

Warp yarns undergo various types of complex stress during the weaving process; namely tensile, cyclic-extension, compression, bending and abrasion. The capacity of the yarns to withstand these stresses is termed as their weavability. The prediction ofweavabilityis exploited to extract first-hand information about the expected performance of yarns in weaving. This critical review article discusses several approaches that are adopted by the researchers for the prediction of warp breakages in weaving; namely, empirical, statistical and instrumental. The recent developments in the field of prediction of warp breakage rate in weaving are summarized. The research work that is currently being pursued in the attachment of a microprocessor based shedding device in a constant tension transport (CTT) instrument for the prediction of the weavability of spun yarns is highlighted.

Technical Problems and Research Thoughts on Development of Multi-Component Blending Yarn

The development of multi-component blending yarn enlarging the fiber sources, improving performance of yarns, making yarns functional, enhancing the look and feel of the yarn, so it was developed rapidly. However, different fiber component differs in morphology and performance, which making the control of the spinning process and yarn quality difficult, the main problems in developing multi-component blending yarn, i.e. the choice of fiber, blending ways, the choice of the blending ratio, the spinning ways, spinning process, are summarized here, which became the technical base of the production of multi-component blending yarn of high quality.

Effect of Heat-Setting Temperature on the Structure and Performance of Ultra-Fine Denier PET Full Drawing Yarn

The ultra-fine denier PET full drawing yarn (PET-FDY) with monofilament linear density equal to 0.38dTex was produced. During the practical process of ultrafine denier PET-FDY, the yarn should be heat-set at certain temperature following the drawing process in order to improve the mechanical properties and reduce the boiling water shrinkage. The influence of heat-setting temperature on the structure and performance of ultra-fine denier PET FDY was studied in this paper. With heat-setting temperature increasing, crystalline in PET FDY became perfect and crystallite size became bigger. According to the density method, crystallinity was augmented. Crystal orientation factor and overall orientation factor were both increased. The tenacity and tensile stress at 10% strain of PET FDY were increased and the breakage percentage and boiling water shrinkage were reduced with the heat-setting temperature increasing.

Influence of wet chemistry treatment on the mechanical performance of natural fibres

Influence of wet chemistry treatment on the mechanical performance of natural fibres The paper presents determination of the effect of various chemical treatment on the strength of 288 tex jute yarn arisen from the plain weave fabric produced by LENTEX, Poland. The yarn was put to alternative treatments in: NaOH and KOH water solutions with various concentration (from 1 to 15%) and treatment duration (from 0.5 to 6 hours), vinyl acetate, methanol and toluene diisocyanate. After the treatment it was put to tensile tests. Yarn diameter and elementary fibre twist angle were also measured using MICRO PROF FRT optical profilographometer. The SEM micro-photographs have also been performed in order to evaluate the structural changes of the yarn after the treatment. Optimal conditions of alcali-treatment are: 5% concentration and 2h duration for NaOH, 3% concentration and 4h duration for KOH. Such treatments give a growth in yarn rupture force up to 10% and they are well applicable in composite materials manufacturing. Also interaction with vinyl acetate and toluene diisocyanate has practically not negative influence on the mechanical performance of the yarn. Two effects were observed which can explain the influence of chemical treatment on mechanical performance of jute yarn: swelling and change in the orientation of elementary fibres.

해양용 로프의 내마모성에 관한 연구

The laboratory inspection and analysis of several types of ropes such as edge tensile test, D/d tensile test and abrasion test were carried out in order to investigate the abrasion degradation by external damage and to obtain the fundamental data for measurement against the abrasion. PET ropes were socketed and evaluated under tensile testing. A yarn-on-yarn abrasion test machine has been developed to study the damage and failure associated with rubbing between fiber surfaces. The abrasion test method consists of sliding a length of interwrapped yarn against itself in a reciprocating fashion, either dry or immersed in liquid. It has also been adapted to measure yarn-on-yarn friction. The influence of spin finish on yarn friction and abrasion was investigated extensively. This study indicates that finish has a major effect not only on yarn performance but also on rope performance under the marine environment.

A Multiscale Study of High Performance Double-Walled Nanotube−Polymer Fibers

The superior mechanical behavior of carbon nanotubes (CNT) and their electrical and thermal functionalities has motivated researchers to exploit them as building blocks to develop advanced materials. Here, we demonstrate high performance double-walled nanotube (DWNT)-polymer composite yarns formed by twisting and stretching of ribbons of randomly oriented bundles of DWNTs thinly coated with polymeric organic compounds. A multiscale in situ scanning electron microscopy experimental approach was implemented to investigate the mechanical performance of yarns and isolated DWNT bundles with and without polymer coatings. DWNT-polymer yarns exhibited significant ductility of ∼20%, with energy-to-failure of as high as ∼100 J g(-1), superior to previously reported CNT-based yarns. The enhanced ductility is not at the expense of strength, as yarns exhibited strength as high as ∼1.4 GPa. In addition, the significance of twisting on the densification of yarns and corresponding enhancement in the lateral interactions between bundles is identified. Experiments at nanometer and macroscopic length scales on DWNT-polymer yarns and bundles further enabled quantification of energy dissipation/storage mechanisms in the yarns during axial deformations. We demonstrate that while isolated DWNT bundles are capable of storing/dissipating up to ∼500 J g(-1) at failure, unoptimal load transfer between individual bundles prevents the stress build up in the yarns required for considerable energy storage at the bundle level. By contrast, through polymer lateral interactions, a much better performance is obtained with the majority of energy dissipated at failure being contributed by the interactions between the polymer coating and the DWNTs as compared to the direct van der Waals interactions between bundles.

The Effect of the Humidification Treatment of the Roving on the Quality of the Hemp/Cotton Blended Yarn

A humidification approach was employed by using spraying mist on the roving before the back rollers of the spinning frame to improve the quality of the hemp/cotton blended yarn. The yarn performance after was investigated. The investigation showed that the evenness, hairiness, tenacity of the yarn was improved by using the humidification technique. When the humidification reached 250mL/h, the spinning process was adversely affected and quality of yarn decreased.

High performance flame-retardant composite yarns with oxidized fiber

This study employed a SKF draft system equipped with an additional spreading device to form a high performance flame-retardant composite yarn. For mixing the spread Technora® filaments and Stretch-Broken oxidized fibers, nip of the front rollers was arranged for best dispersion. The yarn unevenness (CV %), strength, abrasion-resistance, and Limited Oxygen Index (LOI) of the composite yarn were evaluated. The cross-sections of the actual composite yarn were observed to assess its structure and the effect on yarn performance. The experimental results showed that the yarn CV% is worse as the yarn count (Tex) tend to be finer. This would be an optimum condition adopting 30 TM for the yarn evenness and yarn strength. After abrasion test, the residual strength of composite yarns remains above 80 %. The LOI value depends on the coverage degree of oxidized fiber outside the yarn surface, and there tended to be a lower LOI value with finer yarn count (Tex). Overall, the T/O composite yarn with uniform distribution structure can provide high performance and flame-retardancy.