Technology Transfer Performance Research Articles

Forced technology transfer performance requirement in international investment agreements—a Chinese perspective

Gaining access to foreign technology is a primary determinant of economic development for developing countries, and it also plays a vital role in addressing a variety of public needs.1 For such reasons, encouraging and managing international technology transfer has become a significant governance issue.2 It has been recognized that, in addition to the World Trade Organization (WTO) legal mechanism, the national foreign investment mechanism and international investment agreements (IIAs) also regulate technology transfer through the ‘establishment rules’ and performance requirement prohibitions (PRPs).3 However, these competing and overlapping systems raise concerns about policy coherence between IIAs and parties’ policy options to manage their technology transfer obligations.4 In recent years, countries such as the USA and the European Union (EU) have repeatedly accused China of forcing technology transfer.5 For example, the USA launched a ‘301’ investigation against China and sued China in the WTO forum.6 The 301 Report issued by the USA alleged that China had imposed FTT by imposing ownership and administrative restrictions on American enterprises.7 In response to these accusations, China began a new round of reforms to improve the foreign investment regime governing technology transfer and signed some high-level investment agreements.8 However, these efforts have not been entirely successful in alleviating the misunderstandings of foreign investors over China’s technology transfer policies. These disputes are primarily attributed to the unclear boundaries for mandatory technology transfer in international investment.

Evaluation of regional university technology transfer performance in China based on super-efficiency SBM

Improving university technology transfer (UTT) performance is important for establishing national innovation and technology transfer systems given China's pursuit of an innovation-driven development strategy. Based on Chinese provincial and regional panel data from 2011 to 2015, this study employs the super-efficiency slacks-based measure (SBM) model to determine regional UTT efficiency and details a correlation analysis of several factors influencing regional UTT. There was a significant gap between the UTT performances of different regions. Most provinces' annual UTT was inefficient; that is, there was slack in input, output, or both. There was also a positive correlation between regional UTT performance and R&D investment intensity, the number of universities, and their location in the eastern region. Finally, suggestions are proposed to optimise a UTT-performance mechanism at the university, regional, and inter-regional levels.

Technology transfer performance: a comparative analysis of two universities in Japan

Technology transfer performance: a comparative analysis of two universities in Japan

Evaluation of regional university technology transfer performance in China based on super-efficiency SBM

Evaluation of regional university technology transfer performance in China based on super-efficiency SBM

Exploring the Factors Affecting Technology Transfer in Government-Funded Research Institutes: The Korean Case

Based on the resource dependence theory and the resource-based view, this study examined the impact of the resources and capabilities of government-funded research institutes (GRIs) on technology transfer. Panel analysis was performed on 21 GRIs in South Korea representing three mission types—basic future leading, public infrastructure, and industrialization—for the 2015–2019 period. The analysis confirmed that the factors affecting technology transfer performance differed among GRIs depending on their mission type. For basic future leading GRIs, the number of technology transfer cases was strongly associated with the number of research personnel, while there was a negative relationship between technology transfer and the total budget, the number of research publications, and the number of patent registrations. None of the variables affected the revenue from technology fees. Researchers at these GRIs appear to have a strong motivation for technology transfer, but the priority for resource allocation at the institutional level is the production of papers and patents rather than technology transfer. For public infrastructure GRIs, the number of patents held and the number of technology licensing office (TLO) personnel had a positive impact on the number of technology transfer cases, while none of the variables affected the revenue from technology fees. Thus, the number of patents is more favorable for technology transfer at this type of GRI compared to those that pursue a mission of basic future leading, possibly because their research focus is more related to engineering than to basic science. For industrialization GRIs, the number of TLO personnel affected the number of cases of technology transfer, and the number of patent registrations and TLO personnel affected the revenue from technology fees. The speed of technology development and industrial application is thus much faster in industrialization GRIs than in the other GRI types. The results of this analysis show that mission attributes are important drivers of technology transfer performance. This study thus offers policy implications by illustrating those different resources should be provided to different types of GRI to optimize their technology transfer performance.

Hot Analysis and Development Trends of Technology Transfer Research in Universities At Home and Abroad

In this paper, Citespace was used to perform bibliometrics analysis of 3437 journal papers in the field of technology transfer research from 1985 to 2020 included in WOS and CNKI database. The results showed that the quantities of relevant literature on technology transfer in domestic universities has been developing gradually since 2005 and drives to maturity stage. From the perspective of research institutions, Tsinghua University has become an important institution in the field of technology transfer research in colleges and universities. Developed countries such as the United States, Britain, Germany and Italy are still the dominant subjects of technology transfer in colleges and universities, but China has surpassed Germany and Italy and become a major front for technology transfer research of universities. Future research emphasis of technology transfer of universities in China is still mainly about technology transfer performance，academic entrepreneurship, and patent. It is of great significance to promote the internationalization of technology transfer to give full play to the advantages of domestic first-class universities, actively conduct interdisciplinary studies and optimize the external environment of technology transfer.

Technology Transfer, Technological Capability, Absorptive Capacity and Firm Performance: An Investigation of the Textile and Clothing Firms in Pakistan

Research on the web of technological linkages that stimulate firm performance is still evolving, especially when they differ with industry, timing and location. Generally, firms in emerging nations need technologies to build technological capabilities; however in some cases firms are limited in their capacity to acquire the technology because of their low level of absorptive capability. The rising share of resource-based textile exports, which exceeds clothing exports, demonstrate that little or no functional upgrading has taken place in the clothing and textile industry of Pakistan. Hence, using structural equation modeling we examine in this paper the mediating effect of absorptive capacity on the relationship between technological capabilities and technology transfer, and firm performance in a sample of 503 textile and clothing firms in Pakistan. The results show that, absorptive capacity mediates positively and significantly the relation between technology transfer, technological capabilities and firm performance with the former being stronger than the latter.

Benchmarking university technology transfer performance with external research funding: a stochastic frontier analysis

Many universities engage in academic entrepreneurship, often with funding from external sources. Benchmarking technology transfer performance with external research funding can help universities identify and learn from peers that may possess strategic advantages in productivity. It also can be key for organizational learning and for communicating organizational performance to policy stakeholders and industry partners. In this study, we construct a unique dataset by linking two important data sources, AUTM and UMETRICS, and use stochastic frontier analysis to benchmark university licensing and revenue performance with different federal funding streams. Our empirical results suggest that universities looking to promote commercialization performance might look to National Science Foundation funding, and the universities best at production (i.e., licensing technologies and generating patents) with external funding are not necessarily the best at capturing benefits from generating revenue from entrepreneurial activity and launching start-ups. Our study points to the importance of the differential advantages of sources of federal research funding and offers implications for policy makers and university administrators.

Team boundary-spanning activities and performance of technology transfer organizations: evidence from China

This study performs an in-depth analysis of the causes and consequences of team boundary-spanning activities in the context of Chinese technology transfer, by addressing three related research questions: what are the drivers of teams’ boundary-spanning activities? How do teams conduct boundary-spanning activities? What is the impact of teams’ boundary-spanning activities? Based on the “input–moderator–output–input” model of team effectiveness theory, this study firstly explores which factors drive technology transfer teams to engage in boundary-spanning activities. Then, it examines the effects that such activities have on technology transfer performance, both directly and indirectly, through a set of mediating factors. Finally, it explores whether external environmental conditions play any moderating role in the relationship between team boundary-spanning activities and team performance. The empirical analysis is based on original primary survey data collected from a representative sample of organizations involved in the Chinese technology transfer system. The study both contributes the team effectiveness theory applied to the specific context of technology transfer and offers practical suggestions to managers of technology transfer intermediaries.

Technology Transfer, Development, Deployment and Productivity Performance in Pakistan

Productivity (TFP) performance is not only influenced by the direct effects of human capital, R&D (technology development)), embodied and disembodied forms of technology transfer and know-how through capital imports, FDI and use of foreign IPRs (technology transfer activities), but importantly is indirectly affected by compo-nents like the interactive effects of machinery and equipment imports, royalties and licenses fee payments, FDI, human capital and technology deployment. In this context, we analyzed internal technology building capabilities, trade-related technology transf-er activities and foreign technology absorption capabilities. The ARDL technique demonstrates that stable long-run association exists amongst all the chosen variables. The results indicate that investment in human capital boost the TFP, in addition expenditures on R&D, imports of machinery are crucial determinants of TFP growth. Surprisingly, FDI appears with a negative sign but the indirect effect of FDI through its interaction with human capital is positive. This indicates that FDI in the presence of human capital plays a favourable role in enhancing TFP. Moreover, the imports of machinery directly and indirectly, in association with both human capital and R&D, increase the growth of TFP. These findings provide evidence that internal technology building capabilities enhances the TFP growth significantly; while, embodied form of technology transfer has a positive and significant impact on the growth of TFP; whereas, disembodied technology transfer exerts positive but statistically insignificant impact on TFP growth. Furthermore, the study lends support for the existence of strong foreign technology absorption capabilities.

Technology Transfer Performance: A Comparative Analysis of Two Universities in Japan

Technology Transfer Performance: A Comparative Analysis of Two Universities in Japan

Technology Transfer Performance and Mindsets of TTO Staff:— Evidence from Japan and Europe —

A comparative analysis focusing on the mindsets of technology transfer office's (TTO) staff supporting the commercialization of university-based research is presented in this paper. The study compares Japanese TTO staff with European TTO staff through which the academia-industry related laws preparation period and scale of technology transfer market resemble those of Japan. The research analyzes three mindsets: mindsets toward cost effectiveness of intellectual property management; mindsets toward commercialization of university-based research; and mindsets toward contributions to local communities. These results may suggest Japanese TTO staff leaning toward the mindset of commercialization of university-based research and have a strong mindset of utilizing from university patents. However, Japanese TTO staff exhibit a weak mindset toward cost effectiveness of intellectual property management and local social contributions.

Nursing Students' Empathy Ability, Positive Psychological Capital and Interpersonal Competence of Korea and Korean-Chinese in China

Nursing Students' Empathy Ability, Positive Psychological Capital and Interpersonal Competence of Korea and Korean-Chinese in China

Exploring the Role of University-Run Enterprises in Technology Transfer from Chinese Universities

ABSTRACTUniversities in China have increased their entrepreneurship significantly, yet a good understanding of the specific characteristics of university-based technology transfers remains missing. This study focuses on a special type of university spinoffs in China, University-Run Enterprises (UREs), and examines how URE eminence contributes to a university's technology transfer performance, using panel data covering 195 universities over the five years from 2002 to 2006. The findings reveal that URE eminence not only signifies a university's strong entrepreneurial culture, but also signals commercial values and quality of the university research. It moderates the contribution of university scientists from the supply side and that of sourcing firms from the demand side.

메타분석을 활용한 공공연구기관의 기술이전 성과 증진방안에 대한 연구

본 연구는 기술제공자로서의 출연(연)과 대학의 기술이전 성과유형을 기술이전 건수와 기술료 수입으로 구분하여, 이들 두 가지 성과유형과 12개 영향요인 간의 상관관계 효과크기를 메타분석의 방법으로 종합하고 분석함으로서 기술이전을 촉진하고 기술이전 성과를 증진시킬 수 있는 방안을 모색하고자 실시되었다.<BR>분석 자료로는 74건의 기술이전 관련 실증연구로부터 추출한 322건의 상관계수를 메타분석의 효과크기 데이터로 사용하였으며, 분석에 포함된 이들 기존문헌들은 2005년부터 2019년 상반기에 걸쳐 발표된 기술이전 관련 실증연구물들이다.<BR>메타분석의 결과로 기술이전 건수의 증가가 목표인 경우 연구자수를 늘려서 보다 많은 수의 기술을 개발·보유하는 것이 중요하고, 기술료 수입이 목표인 경우 우수한 특성의 기술을 개발하는 것이 보다 중요한 포인트로 파악되었다. 보상제도와 지원체제는 대학보다는 출연(연)에서 주요 요인으로 작용하고 있으며, 정부지원은 출연(연)보다는 대학에서 높은 중요도를 나타내는 것으로 나타났다.<BR>본 메타분석의 결과는 출연(연)과 대학을 비롯한 여러 이해관계자들에게 기술이전을 촉진하고 기술이전 성과를 향상시키는데 기여할 수 있는 시사점들을 제시하였다는 점에서 의의가 있다.

Identifying vertical partnership among automotive component companies: empirical evidence from automotive industry in Jabodetabek, Indonesia

The goal of this research is to examine the relation between technology transfer, technical exchange, government role, and supplier performance of automotive industry in Jabodetabek, Indonesia. There are 99 companies in this study, consisting of 6 assembler companies, 59 tier-1 companies, and 34 tier-2 companies. The research was conducted by visiting sites and filling questionnaires based on Likert scale to the person in charge at middle-up management level who understand or is responsible for measuring product quality (purposive sampling). The result of the questionnaires was processed and analysed by partial least square path modelling (PLS-PM), using Smart PLS 3.2.7 software. The result showed that there was a significant impact of government role to technology transfer (p value 0.000), technology transfer to supplier performance improvement (p value 0.056), and technical exchange to supplier performance improvement (p value 0.074). However, there was no significant impact of government role to supplier performance improvement (p value 0.179).

The relevance of the co-presence of engagement and empowerment among technology transfer managers

Several studies show that technology transfer processes benefit from effective and efficient organisation but what does more precisely explain differences in the performance of Technology Transfer ...

Environmental Scanning Approach to Assess Innovation and Technology Transfer Performance of Construction Companies

Environmental Scanning Approach to Assess Innovation and Technology Transfer Performance of Construction Companies

The Performance of Supply-Push Versus Demand-Pull Technology Transfer and the Role of Technology Marketing Strategies: The Case of a Korean Public Research Institute

Technology transfer is one of important strategies in sustainable economic growth. There are supply-push and demand-pull directions of technology transfer, and recently Korean research institutes have paid increasing attention to demand-pull technology transfer in an attempt to improve public research institutes’ technology transfer performance (TTP). However, our view is that simply adopting a demand-pull or a supply-push model does not always guarantee improved TTP. We argue that technology marketing strategies, such as mass marketing and target marketing, should also be considered. This study aims to investigate the relationship between technology transfer directions and TTP, and the role of technology marketing strategies. We collected a Korean research institute’s technology transfer data from 2014 to 2015, and then employed a two-way ANOVA to analyze the data. The result of the analysis shows that TTPs differ by technology transfer directions and technology marketing strategies. More importantly, we found that the demand-pull model yields higher TTP, especially when the model is associated with target marketing strategies rather than mass-marketing strategies. This result implies that marketing strategies, such as market segmentation and customer targeting, are needed if an organization wants to improve TTP by implementing the demand-pull technology transfer model.

기술공급자가 제공하는 서비스품질과 기술수요자의 기술이전성과 간의 관계 연구 : 대학 기술이전을 중심으로

The purpose of this study is to analyze on the relationship between quality of service provided by technology suppliers and the technology transfer performance of technology customers. This is to measure the quality of service provided by the technology supplier. And the SERVQUAL cognized by the technology consumer analyze the impact on technology transfer performance.BR The results of this study are as follows. First, in technology transfer, the technology consumer prefer to approach of finished goods. Second, the SERVQUAL cognized by the technology consumer appeared to statistically significant in tangibles, reliability, assurance, responsiveness, empathy, and complexity etc. Third, this paper established the effect of SERVQUAL on technology transfer performance in firms.