Performance Of Shear Walls Research Articles

Incorporating nonstructural finish effects and construction quality in a performance-based framework for wood shearwall design

This paper presents results from a study to extend a performance-based shearwall selection procedure to take into account the contributions of nonstructural finish materials (such as stucco and gypsum wallboard), construction quality issues, and their effects on the displacement performance of engineered wood shearwalls subject to seismic loading. Shearwall performance is evaluated in terms of peak displacements under seismic loading (characterized by a suite of ordinary ground motion records) considering different combinations of performance levels (drift limits) and seismic hazard. Shearwalls are analyzed using nonlinear dynamic time-history analysis with global assembly hysteretic parameters determined by fitting to actual shearwall test data. Peak displacement distributions, determined from sets of analyses using each of the ground motion records taken to characterize the seismic hazard, are post-processed into performance curves, design charts, and fragility curves which can be used for risk-based design and assessment applications.

Effects of Finish Materials and Dynamic Loading on the Cyclic Response of Woodframe Shearwalls

A study on the effects of gypsum wallboard and stucco nonstructural finish materials on the seismic capacity of woodframe shearwalls was carried out. The focus was on the performance of shearwalls with these finish materials combined with a wood structural sheathing (plywood or oriented strand board). Also investigated were the effects of dynamic loading with rates on the order of a woodframe structural response to a seismic event. All testing was performed using standard construction 2.4 m square woodframe shearwalls loaded at the top plate. Findings from the study indicate that nonstructural finish materials have a substantial influence on the performance of woodframe shearwalls, causing increases in strength and stiffness, and reductions in deformation capacity. There was also a noticeable change in failure mode created by the application of finish materials. The loading rate study, comparing specimens under quasi-static loading with specimens loaded dynamically, showed only modest differences caused b...

Effects of Loading Protocol on the Cyclic Response of Woodframe Shearwalls

Standard construction 2.4m×2.4m woodframe shearwalls were tested using different loading protocols. The CUREE-Caltech protocols, recently developed by Krawinkler in 2001, were compared with other previously used protocols. The following protocols were considered in the study: monotonic, CUREE-Caltech standard (CUREE), CUREE-Caltech near-fault, sequential phased displacement (SPD), and international standards organization. Findings from the research indicate that loading sequence has a significant influence on shearwall performance. Protocols with a large number of cycles (SPD) tended to produce nail fatigue fractures, which were not nearly as prevalent in protocols with lower numbers of cycles (CUREE). The research clearly showed that the nail fatigue fractures were associated with a large energy demand related to the number of cycles, which resulted in a reduced ultimate strength and deformation capacity. The initial stiffness of the specimens was relatively unaffected by the loading protocol used; howev...

Reliability-based Seismic Design of Wood Shear Walls

This paper reports on work, conducted under Task 1.5.3 (Reliability Studies) of the CUREE-Caltech Woodframe Project, with the objective of developing a risk-based methodology for seismic design of shear walls. Along with diaphragms, shear walls are primary lateral force resisting components in woodframe structures. The methodology developed herein is based on reliability principles as well as emerging performance-based concepts for seismic design. The specific subobjectives of Task 1.5.3 were: (1) to conduct a sequence of sensitivity studies to evaluate the contributions of various sources of uncertainty to shear wall performance as predicted using the CASHEW program (developed in another task of the project); (2) to evaluate the variabilities in, and thereby statistically characterize, the peak response obtained using a suite of ordinary ground motion records taken to characterize the seismic hazard in southern California; and (3) to develop a risk-based procedure for performance-based design of wood she...

Study on half-scale model test for light-frame shear wall

A half-scale model of a light-frame shear wall was developed to evaluate the racking performance of a fullscale shear wall (prototype). The effect of nail size on the performance of the shear wall was also investigated using models constructed with three types of nail. Materials for the model were determined through experimental methods, which included nail-head push-through, stud-to-sheathing nail connection, and static bending tests. Materials with which the model was made to be “in similarity” to the prototype were three-layer 4.8-mm plywood, 39.72-mm long nails, and 1 × 2 lumber cut from 2 × 4 studs. In accordance with ASTM E 72 and ASTM E 564, racking resistance tests were conducted on 20 shear walls. The results showed that the maximum load capacities of the prototype walls could be evaluated by the model without significantly different failure modes. Tests on the effect of nail size revealed that increasing the nail head diameter may improve the performance of shear walls.

Closure to “Unstiffened Steel Plate Shear Wall Performance under Cyclic Loading” by Adam S. Lubell, Helmut G. L. Prion, Carlos E. Ventura, and Mahmoud Rezai

Closure to “Unstiffened Steel Plate Shear Wall Performance under Cyclic Loading” by Adam S. Lubell, Helmut G. L. Prion, Carlos E. Ventura, and Mahmoud Rezai

Muros de cortante en estructuras de madera

Este trabajo se realizó con el fin de obtener información sobre el comportamiento estructural de muros bajo cargas laterales, construidos con bastidores de madera y algún forro que proporcione rigidez y resistencia en su plano. Se ensayaron seis forros diferentes considerados como los más apropiados para la construcción con madera en México. Se presentan gráficas de carga - deformación para tener idea del comportamiento de los muros de cortante ante las acciones horizontales (acción de sismo o viento). También se proponen valores de diseño para cada uno de los forros, incluyendo información del tipo de conectores utilizados.

Performance of Buildings With Shear Walls in Earthquakes of the Last Thirty Years

The author describes observations of shear wall performance in severe earthquakes in which modern reinforced concrete buildings stood the test of violent shaking, starting with the Chilean earthquake of May 1960 through most of the subsequent strong earthquakes, up until the Armenian earthquake of December 1988. Despile the excellent behavior of shear wall-type concrete structures as compared to concrete frame-type structures, building codes continued, up until the last decade, to give preference to concrete ductile frame structures (which are subject to higher distortions) while placing a substantial penally on the use of shear walls. This code approach was due to the lack of experimental and analytical background information on shear wall behavior. While a large body of information on shear walls accumulated during the 1980s, still more experimental and analytical studies are needed to create a solid basis for a rational seismic design approach. The availability of such information should encourage a wider use of shear walls for earthquake resistance

Light‐Frame Shear Wall Length and Opening Effects

Standard methods of testing the racking capacity of light‐frame walls are inefficient and may give erroneous estimates of shear wall performance. This study is concerned with improving the data base for racking resistance of light frame walls with plywood and gypsum sheathings. The shear resistance of small walls sheathed with gypsum was compared to that of full‐size walls. Results of both tests indicated that racking strength was linearly proportional to wall length. Contributions of sheathing layers and panel sections appear be additive, and length of wall sections containing door and window openings may be neglected in determining racking resistance of conventional walls. One notable difference in the performance of these racking tests involved the effect of panel length on racking stiffness. Stiffness of small walls increased linearly with length while the stiffness of full‐size walls increased nonlinearly. Knowledge that gypsum wallboard can contribute to shear wall performaoee and that it is additive to the resistance of plywood sheathing should be helpful to building designers and code officials.

Pumping station walls damp-proofed by use of pressure creosoted lumber : ( Wood Preserving News, Vol. XIV, No. 4)

This research is focused on the behavior of a novel cold-formed steel (CFS) shear wall system- steel sheathed cold-formed steel trussed shear wall (SSCFSTSW), which is different in skeleton configuration compared to conventional steel sheathed CFS framed shear wall. A test program was conducted on shear walls of various configurations. The walls differed in sheathing, chord studs and skeleton configurations. The results indicated that SSCFSTSW gave a significantly higher ultimate strength than that obtained from conventional shear walls. Based on the results, detailed discussion of the influence of different configurations on the performance of shear walls is given.